跨国采购网挂机平台Further-more, these excited states have extremely long lifetimes. While typical lifetimes of lower excited states of atoms are about 10-8 s，there are Rydberg atoms which have lifetimes of 1s. The difference in energy between two neighboring states n and n’becomes very small when n is large. The long lifetimes of such states are in part a result of the fact that the probability of a spontaneous transition between two states n and n’ is, according to Einstein (Sect. 5.2.3)，proportional to v3. In addition, Rydberg atoms may be strongly polarised by relatively weak electric fields, or even completely ionised.
When the outer electron of an atom is excited into a very high energy level, it enters a spatially extended orbit一an orbital一which is far outside the orbitals of all the other electrons.The excited electron then "sees" an atomic core, consisting of the nucleus and all the inner electrons, which has a charge +e, just the same as the charge of the hydrogen nucleus.As long as the excited electron does not approach the core too closely, it behaves as though it belonged to a hydrogen atom. Rydberg atoms behave therefore in many respects like highly excited hydrogen atoms.
第五种快乐 In interstellar space, there acre atoms whose outer electrons are in states with principal quantum numbers n up to 350; this has been observed by radio astronomical methods. In the laboratory, Rydberg atoms with principal quantum numbers between 10 and 290 have been studied. A recent example of still larger values of n is shown in Fig.8.18.
The orbital radius of an electron in an atom is proportional to n2(8.17). The spacing between neighboring energy levels decreases as n-3 , It is because these higher powers of n have especially large effects for large n-values that Rydberg atoms have their unusual properties.
进而,这些激发态拥有超长寿命。而典型的低激发态的原子寿命大约10-8 s,里德伯原子的寿命有1 s ..当n很大时，两个相邻单位之间的能量差异n和n'变得很小。漫长的一生中这样的状态是部分的结果,丝光沸石
两个原子之间的自发跃迁的概率n和n”,根据爱因斯坦(教派5.2.3),与v3成正比。此外,里德伯原子可能强烈极化电场相对较弱,甚至完全电离。 当原子的外层电子兴奋到高能级,它进入空间扩展轨道一轨道一这是远远超出其他所有电子 金花清感方
的轨道。然后受激电子“看到”一个原子核心,由原子核和所有内部电子收到+ e,同样作为氢核的电荷。只要受激电子距离核心不过于亲近,它的行为就好像它属于一个氢原子。里德伯原子因此在许多方面像高度兴奋的氢原子。
在星际空间,英亩原子的外层电子州主量子数网络风云n 350;这是通过无线电天文观察方法。在实验室中,里德伯原子与主量子数10至290了。最近的一个例子的还是更大的n值Fig.8.18所示。
一个电子在一个原子的轨道半径成正比n2(8.17)。相邻能级之间的间距减少n - 3,这是因为这些更高权力的n有特别大的影响对于大型态n值男男,里德伯原子有其不同寻常的特性。
豫公网安备41160202000603
站长QQ:729038198
关于我们
投诉建议