I. Alfred Tennyson
1. His literary position
铌高
尼伯特台风路径a. Tennyson was recognized as the greatest poet in Victorian Age.
b. He was made poet laureate in 1850 when Wordsworth died.
2. His life (see textbook)
a. the 4th son of a clergyman in Sombersby.
b. Started writing very early, with Byron as his youthful hero.
c. In 1827, published Poems by Two Brothers.
d. The same year, went to study at Cambridge and joined the “Apostles”, a group of gifted students headed by Arthur Henry Hallam.
e. In 1830, published his first volume of verse “Poems, Chiefly Lyrical”.
f. In 1831, called home due to death of his father and financial difficulties.
g. In 1832, published another volume of poems but not well-received, so he remained silent for 10 years perfecting his poems.
h. In 1842, returned to public notice with the publication of his “Poems” in two volume.
i. In 1850, appointed Poet Laureate in succession to Wordsworth.
j. Made a peer in 1882 and ever since called Lord Tennyson.
k. Died in 1892 and buried in Westminster Abbey.
3. Features of His Poems
He has a total mastery of the sounds and rhythms of the English language.
He is able to create a sense of nostalgia, a strong longing for the past.
He is good at linking descriptions of nature or setting to the state mind of the speaker.
His poems reflects his conservative ideas.
Break, break, break
好作文
Break, break, break,
On thy cold gray stones, O sea!
And I would that my tongue could utter
The thoughts that arise in me.
O well for the fisherman's boy,
That he shouts with his sister at play!
O well for the sailor lad,
That he sings in his boat on the bay!
And the stately ships go on
To their haven under the hill;
But O for the touch of a vanish'd hand,
And the sound of a voice that is still!
Break, break, break,
At the foot of thy crags, O sea!
But the tender grace of a day that is dead
Will never come back to me.
我但愿我的舌端能说出
我内心涌起的情思。
多幸福啊，那渔家童子
在和妹妹嬉戏、叫嚷！
受话器多幸福啊，那少年水手
唱着歌在海湾里荡桨！
还有庄严的船舶，一艘艘
驶归山下它们的港口；
但我只求听到那沉寂了的嗓音，
触到那只消逝了的手！
太原刚玉物流工程有限公司冲激，冲激，冲激，
大海啊，在岩石脚下崩裂！
可是温柔美好的日子死了，
与我已从此永诀。
（诗下附的写作时间是1842年）
《Break, break, break》一诗作于1834年，寄托了丁尼生对亡友哈勒姆的哀思。“溅吧”，英文为“break”，意思是破碎，因此在诗中即表现了海浪拍击岩石，浪花四溅，有暗示了诗人因只有英年早逝而悲痛心碎（heartbreak）的双关意义。为了强调自己对死亡的深切感受，丁尼生在诗的中部将生命和死亡的意向放在一起平行比较，已造成鲜明的反差：一方面是充满活力的渔家孩子和唱歌荡舟的水手，另一方面则是象征生命结束的驶进海港的船舶，陨灭的水手和沉寂的说话声。然而对丁尼生来说，生和死又不是截然相对的，生孕育着死，死亡有是新生的开始，而大海就是融生命和死亡为一体的生动象征，因此在描写海浪拍击岩石时，丁尼生用了“你的灰岩”，“脚边的巉岩”等限定词，似乎那使得海浪破碎的“冷冷的灰岩”也是大海有机的组成部分。从这个意义上说，《Break, break, break》一诗 不仅寄托了作者对亡友的哀思，也表达了他对死亡的接受。《溅吧，溅吧，溅吧》在韵律上极具特。以第一诗节为例。开头一行作者连用了三个单音节词“Break，break，break”，即模仿年里海浪拍击岩石时的状态，有表现了诗人心灵的破碎。第二行用了5个长元音词，读起来缓慢深沉，给人一种肃穆感，尤其是在末尾，诗人通过充满感情的“O Sea！”二词发出了一声悲痛的长叹。整个诗节用词简介，表达细腻，极富感染力。
Background
The poem is an elegy that describes Tennyson's feelings of loss after Arthur Hallahm died and the realization that there is something beyond the cycle of life and death.
When Tennyson was graduated from Cambridge and lived in the home still less than a month. Tennyson's father died (1831). He discussed the mystery of dead and Arthur Hallahm who was engaged with his "black eyes expressionless" sister Emily. They tended to explore the secret of the gods. Sometimes Emily would join in and played "
When Arthur went to Vienna in holiday, every day he wrote Tennyson an ebullient letter. Some days later, Tennyson didn't receive Arthur's letter. But he received Arthur's father's letter "friend, sir, Arthur Hallahm has passed away " “God’s finger touched him, and he slept. ". Tennyson often went to his graveyard which is close to the sea, and the sea shocked the cold and gray rock".
Tennyson's closest relative and friend - father and Hallahm’ death gave Tennyson a heavy hit which caused him to continuously think the death. He miss Arthur a long time and wrote the poem.
Content
1-4
The speaker addresses the ocean directly, telling the waves to "break, break, break" onto the cold gray stony shore,expressing his saddness.
After telling the sea to keep doing its thing, the speaker regrets that he can't express his t
houghts.
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