From the article: Trouble Shooting ACR Systems - Issue Oct-Dec 1998 从1998年10－11月的ACR系统的问题解答文章中这样写道：“All flooded systems are generally designed for liquid refrigerant levels of 60 - 80% in the chiller shell. 所有的满液式蒸发器一般设计液位在桶的60－80％。The oil in R-22 systems is not heavy and does not get collected at the bottom of the shell. 油在R22系统中因为轻所以不能在壳体的底部收集。The oil is not so light as to float on top of the surface either. 但是油也并不是轻得漂浮在表面上。The concentration of oil in the refrigerant is much higher at a level somewhat below the upper boiling surface of the refrigerant.在沸腾得制冷剂表面低一些的地方，油的浓缩更高。Since the liquid level in the chiller fluctuates within limits as per the load, it is customary to provide two or three outlets from the shell, to tap a concentrated mixture of oil and refrigerant. 因为随着负荷的波动，液位在允许范围内波动，按照惯例从壳体提供两到三个出口，引出油和制冷剂的浓缩混合液体。Depending on the actual level of the refrigerant, an appropriate hand shut off valve is opened while the remaining two valves remain closed and the mixture is taken to a vessel, which is heated either by an electric heater or by hot discharge gas from the compressor. 依赖于制冷剂的实际液位，一个对应的手阀打开，其余两个阀门关闭，混合液引入到一个容器中，容器中配置电加热或者式压缩机的热排气。The refrigerant in the mixture boils and is returned back to the suction, whereas the oil which remains in liquid form, is returned to the crankcase. 混合液中的制冷剂沸蒸发后回到压缩机吸气口，余下的油是液体状态，回到轴箱（油槽）
Oil retrieval for all flooded chillers has to be put into
operation continuously so that oil enrichment does not take place
in the chiller.
所有的满液式冷却器的回油都是连续的操作这样油不会富集在冷却器内。
The oil return problem in flooded systems becomes more severe as
evaporating temperatures become lower.
当蒸发温度更低的时候，满液式系统的回油问题会很严峻。
This problem of oil return is flooded R-22 chillers is common not
only for reciprocating compressors but also for screw compressors.
”
回油问题是满液式R22系统的共性，活塞和螺杆机器都是这样的。
There is a diagram in the article that shows a typical piping
arangement. It was in a PDF format that I could not copy and paste
here.
这篇文章有一个图，表示了典型的配管布置。他是PDF形式，我无法贴上去。
We generally left all three valves open a little so that an
(hopefully) oil rich mixture was always bled into the oil pot.
我们通常的做法是让所有三个阀门打开一点，这样希望富油液体总是能够引到回油器中。
When there was frost on the oil pot it had liquid refrigerant in
it.
当回油器的霜在的时候说明里面还有液体。
When all the frost was gone the oil pot was full of oil.
当回油器的霜没有了说明里面全部是油了。
This oil was then bled off into the compressors. By heating the oil in
the pot the pressure was higher than the compressor crankcase
pressure so it was easy to move the oil from the pot to the
compressor.
随后油流到压缩机。通过加热集油罐，罐子的压力会比轴箱的压力高，这样很容易将油从
罐中转移到压缩机。
Most systems were manual in that someone had to look at the oil
pot, determine when it was full of oil and open or close valves to
move that oil into the compressors.
许多系统是手动的方式，有人员需要看油罐，决定是否充满了油，是否操作开关阀门将油排入压缩机。
binman54
chao-1998 ,你好！下面是那个美国人给我回复的片断，我将部分翻译给你：您看有没有帮助。
The oil will float in a miscible layer on top of the liquid R-22 in the vessel.
油将漂浮在桶里的R22液体的顶部的溶解层面。
You will need some type of oil recovery system to ensure oil return.
This is normally done with a method called a "skimmer".
你必须采用某种形式的回油系统确保回油。
这个通常采用的方法被称做“skimmer"
Imagine if you will some material floating on the surface of the water in a lake.
If you skim (or remove) the material from the top of the water,
that is the same principle as removing the oil from the vessel.
想象如果在湖面上漂浮着某种物质。
你将从水面上撇去这种物质。
这和从桶里去除油是一样的道理。
Almost all of the systems like this I’ve worked on used a venturi to suck the oil off the liquid refrigerant layer.
The oil is recovered and distilled before the oil is returned to the compressor(s).
几乎象这种所有的系统我通常使用文丘里来从液体制冷剂层面上将油吸掉。
油被回收并且在回到压缩机前蒸馏。
I normally use three pipe connections on the vessel. The middle connection is at the controlled liquid level. One connection slightly above the controlled liquid level, and one connection slightly below the controlled liquid level. Each connection has a metering valve to adjust the flow for various operating conditions. All three of these lines are then connected into one pipe. This common pipe is the suction connection to the venturi.
我通常采用三根连接管在桶上。中间的一根正好在控制液位位置。一根稍稍高于控制液位，一根稍稍低于控制液位。每一根连接管配有限流阀校正各种操作条件下的流量，所有三根管道联到一个总管，这个公共管是文丘里管的吸入口。
The venturi is gas powered by high pressure discharge gas from the compressors. With the venturi, the discharge gas flowing through the venturi creates a suction on these three connections.
文秋里被压缩机的高压的排气驱动。靠文秋里管，高压排气从三个联接口产生抽吸作用。
The suction helps to pull the oil off of the liquid level.
这个吸力有助于将液位上的油拉出来。
The outlet pressure of the venturi is sufficient to transport the oil/liquid R-22 mixture back into the compressor suction.
If the systems are adjusted properly, you will get very little if any liquid back into the suction of the compressors (screw compressors only please).
文秋里的出口压力足够传递油制冷剂混合液体回到压缩机的吸气口（只是适用于螺杆机，请注意了）
If you are using reciprocating compressors, it’s best if you use a heated oil still to warm up the oil and boil off any liquid R-22, before it returns to the compressor crankcase.
如果你在使用活塞机，在油回到压缩机曲轴箱前，你最好加热油直到油热起来蒸发掉R22液体。
You are correct about the -40C miscibility problems. The oil has to have a low pour point in order to flow and still have sufficient viscosity for the compressor lubrication.”
你谈到油在－40度的溶解性的问题是正确的。油不得不具有有一个很低的流动点（流（动）点：油或其他液体在规定条件下流动的最低温度），还需要有足够的粘度作为压缩机的润滑作用。
有一个美国人谈到从桶内部取样油的做法，他说得很有意思，我也把他翻出来给你看看：
I have a friend of mine who has done this before on a pumped recirculation vessel. Inside of the vessel he had a short piece if tubing with a float attached to the open end. The exte
rnal connections were piped to suck the oil through the tubing.
我有个朋友以前处理过这个液泵循环桶，在桶内部他放了一小片接着管道的漂浮物在里面，一端开口。外部的连接管通过这根管吸油。
As the liquid level raised and lowered, the float followed the liquid level so that the same amount was drawn off all of the time.
当液位升高或降低时候，浮球跟随这液位，这样每时每刻都有相同的量被抽出来。
The float he used was shaped like one of those rubber ducks kids like to play with in the bath tub.
他用的浮球形状好像一种橡皮的鸭子在浴盆里玩耍。
One thing to be careful the oil does not form a separate layer. It forms in a mixed layer that could be thick. If the vessel pressure is reduced you might see some foam/bubbles that would raise the float out of the oil rich layer.
有一件事情必须很小心......油不会形成一个分离的层。他是一个很稠的混合层。如果桶的压力降低你可能会看到一些泡沫将会抬高这个浮球使他高出富油层。
So, my thought would be to have the tubing weighted down somehow so that the end of t
he tubing was always slightly below the actual liquid level of the refrigerant.
因此，我的想法是用管形材料稍微重一点，这样管形材料的末端总是能够稍稍低于实际的制冷剂液位水平。
美国人也谈到桶上三个阀的调整，他是这样说的：
You are correct . If the metering valves are not adjusted properly, one of the connections may pull gas, while another pulls all liquid. It is not very exact to set this up. It’s more of a good guess really.
你说得对。如果限流阀没有很好的调整，一个口会抽出气体，而另外的口全是液体。装配并不是非常的精确。更多的是猜测。
Some of the liquid will atomize as it goes through the venturi, but there is always some small amount of liquid that leaves the venturi outlet I belive.
一些液体经过文秋里时候将雾化，但是我相信总是有一些小量的液体会出现在文秋里的出口。
I will have to look for some drawings. I might
我会一些图给你。我忘记了，我可能有一些的....
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