摘要
随着环境问题和化石燃料短缺的问题日益严峻，太阳能光伏发电等可分散应用的可再生能源将扮演人们生活的重要角。但光伏发电随环境变化具有间歇性和随机性，使光伏发电微电网系统存对大电网的冲击和存在电能质量的问题，所以需配置储能系统来维持系统的稳定。目前，实用在电网的储能电池有很多种，但各自具有一定的局限性或缺陷。因此，建立能量型蓄电池和循环寿命长的功率型超级电容组合而成的混合储能系统具有重要意义。 本文首先介绍了光伏储能系统的发展现状以及研究意义。然而，目前研究的主要方向是利用单一储能系统来实现有随机功率输出的功率平抑作用。本课题中光伏系统选取了合适的MPPT控制方法，且采用了双向DC-DC变换器来实现储能系统的充放电控制。由于蓄电池和超级电容的各自特点，为了利用二者的优势，采取混合储能的协调控制策略，实现直流侧恒定的功率输出。
其次，综合蓄电池、超级电容器及光伏电池充放电特性，给出了混合储能系统能量控制策略，以保证系统中能量的合理有效流动。对所提出的混合储能系统，使用MTLAB/Simulink搭建了仿真模型。仿真首先验证控制策略的合理性，接着分析了系统的暂态特性，主要分析了两种储能装置在不同的暂态过程中发挥的不同作用。最后协调控制策略，充分利用超级电容的功率型的特点，在暂态过程中可以有效地减少蓄电池充放电次数，延长其使用寿命。
关键词：光伏电池，超级电容器，铅酸蓄电池,MPPT，双向DC-DC变换器
Abstract
As problems of environment and fossil fuel shortage have become more and more serious,renewable energy which can be used spreadly such as solar photovoltaic will play an important role in daily life.However,intermittent and randomness of the change of environment make photovoltaic micro grid system have great impact on large grid and have problems of power quality.Energy storage system needs to be set to maintain the stability of system.At present,there are many kinds of practical battery in power grid storage,but each has certain limitation.Therefore,it is important to establish hybrid energy storage system which consists of energy battery and long cycle life of power super capacitor.
First,this paper introduces the current situation and meaning of research of photovoltaic energy storage system.However,the main direction of current research is to use single energy system to realize output stabilization of random power output.The photovoltaic system in this dissertation selects appropriate MPPT control method and use a bidirectional DC-DC converter to achieve storage system.Because of dofferent characteristics of battery and super capacitor,in order to make
use of the advantages of them,hybrid coordinated control strategy can be used to measure output of DC.
Secondly,comprehensive battery charge,discharge characteristics of super capacitors and photovoltaic cells give the energy control strategy of hybrid energy storage system and ensure the reasonable and effective flow system of energy.On the raised hybrid energy storage system,I use the MTLAB/Simulink to build the simulation model.The simulation verify the rationality of control strategy,and then analyzes the transient characteristics the system, mainly analyzes the two kinds of different storage device play in the transient process in different.The coordinated control strategy makes full use of the characteristics of power type super capacitor.In the transient process,it can effectively reduce the battery charge,discharge times and prolong its service life.
Key word:photovoltaic cells,super-capacitor,battery,MPPT,the bi-directional DC-DC converter
目录
摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I Abstract---------------------------------------------------------------------------------II 1绪论-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1选题背景及意义------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2光伏电池的发展概况及意义----------------------------------------------------2
1.3混合储能系统研究现状及意义--------------------------------------------------3
1.4本文的主要内容-----------------------------------------------------------------5 2光伏系统的组成及特性分析------------------------------------------------------6
2.1系统的主要组成-----------------------------------------------------------------6
2.2光伏电池特性-------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.3蓄电池模型及特点-------------------------------------------------------------13
2.4超级电容器的模型及特点------------------------------------------------------17
2.5本章小结-----------------------------------------------------------------------21 3混合储能系统控制策略---------------------------------------------------------22
3.1混合储能系统构建-------------------------------------------------------------22
3.2超级电容及蓄电池的协调控制策略-------------------------------------------23
3.3混合储能系统工作状态--------------------------------------------------------26
3.4双向DC/DC变换器控制策略--------------------------------------------------28
3.5本章小结-----------------------------------------------------------------------34 4光伏混合储能系统仿真与分析------------------------------------------------35
4.1DC/DC变换器模型-------------------------------------------------------------35
4.2变换器参数选择----------------------------------------------------------------36
4.3系统仿真验证-------------------------------------------------------------------38
4.4本章小结------------------------------------------------------------------------44 5结论与展望--------------------------------------------------------------------------46
5.1结论-----------------------------------------------------------------------------46
5.2展望-----------------------------------------------------------------------------46参考文献--------------------------------
------------------------------------------------48致谢------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50
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