In all one's lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. But it is precisely oneself that one has the least understanding of.人生在世，和自己相处最多，打交道最多，但是人最不了解的也恰恰是自己。
Grammar and Writing
语法感知
①However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.
②Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
③A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
④And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
【自主发现】
1．第①句中的making；第②句中的shaking和第④句的seeing为动词－ing形式作宾语。
2．第③句中的moving为动词－ing形式作表语。
语法精讲
一、动词－ing形式作宾语
1．一些动词后只跟动词－ing形式作宾语，如：admit承认，advise建议，allow允许，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay推迟，deny否认，dislike不喜爱，enjoy喜爱，escape逃脱，fancy想要，finish完成，forbid禁止，forgive原谅，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意，miss错过，permit允许，practise练习，prevent阻止，risk冒险，stop停止，suggest建议等。 I admit breaking the window.
我承认窗子是我打破的。
He tried to escape being punished.
他设法逃避惩罚。
You shouldn’t keep thinking about it.
你不应该老想着这事。
Would you mind going with her?
你可否同她一起去？
We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.
我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
The doctor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month.
医生建议我一个月内不要抽烟喝酒。
2．有些动词短语后面也可跟动词－ing形式作宾语，常见的有：insist on，give up，，put off，keep on，leave off，look forward to，think of，feel like等。
Last year，my father gave up smoking.
去年我父亲戒烟了。
Do you feel like taking a walk after supper?
晚饭后你想去散步吗？
Chinese people are looking forward to holding the Olympic Games again.
中国人民期待着再次举办奥运会。
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
他把一生都献给了造福人类(的事业)。
He put off making a decision till he had more information.
在获得更多信息之前，他没有作出决定。
We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.
我们成功克服了所有的困难。
巧记后接动词－ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)：
·
建议考虑坚持练，(suggest，advise，consider，insist on，practise)
·允许想象弃冒险，(permit，allow，imagine，give up，risk)
·阻止抵抗否避开，(prevent，resist，deny，escape)
·不禁介意保持完，(can’t help，mind，keep，finish)
·承认错过心喜欢。(admit，miss，enjoy)
3．在以下结构中常使用动词－ing形式作宾语。
·get down to doing sth开始做某事
·be opposed to doing sth反对做某事
·be worth doing sth值得做某事
·can’t stand/bear doing sth不能忍受做某事
·be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事
·stop/from doing sth阻止……做某事
·be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事
·have difficulty/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难
He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作，这让他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。
If we have difficulty in understanding，we can go and ask him.
如果我们理解有困难，我们可以去问他。
[名师提醒]
(1)有的动词后接动词－ing形式作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语。 Excuse my opening your letter by mistake.
原谅我错拆了你的信。
(2)有的动词(如advise，allow，forbid，permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语。
He advised her to buy a computer for convenience.
他建议她方便起见买台电脑。
(3)有些动词(如consider，understand，discuss等)后虽然不接不定式作宾语，却可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。
Have you considered how to get there?
acceptlanguage你是否考虑过如何到那儿去？
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I tried (garden) but didn’t succeed.
②Would you mind (move) the box for me?
③We are all looking forward to (visit) the museum soon.
④The deer was lucky and it just missed (catch) by the hunter.
【答案】1.ving 3.visiting 4.being caught
二、动词－ing形式作表语
1．用来说明主语的具体内容。在这种情况下，主语和表语通常是对等关系，可互换位置。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
＝Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽可能使演讲厅保持干净。
2．用来表示主语所具有的特征，这时多为动词－ing形式的形容词，如：astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。
The news that our school won the game was exciting.我们学校赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋。
The lecture yesterday was very interesting.昨天的演讲非常有趣。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①It is quite a (move) story，isn’t it?
②His main task is (sell) smart blackboards at the moment.
③In my opinion，the ending of the movie is (bore)．
④The match looked very competitive but the result was (disappoint)．
⑤The most important thing now is (find) a place to live in.
⑥What he prefers to do in the morning is (run)．
【答案】1.moving 2.selling 3.boring4.disappointing5.finding 6.running
随堂练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Fast food is full of fat and salt；by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
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