n
o
CF 2
CF CF 3
o
CF 2 CF 2
m
3–H + x
CF CF 2 (CF
CF 2)
Nafion A
B L q R *¡B E l
j u t
Abstract
红外线烘干
Nafion membranes were prepared using solution casting method from nafion in various solvents, i.e. methanol / H 2O, ethanol / H 2O, propanol / H 2O, and DMF (dimethyl formamide). The morphology of these membranes was studied using DSC, WAXS, and SAXS. The results revealed that using a high boiling point solvent and evaporate the solvent at a higher temperature to prepare membrane would result a membrane with a higher degree of crystallinity. n Nafion l O e q M C ÅD n G Q Nafion G b P Åo A Q A X ÅC Q L t y R (DSC)w c I B ÅF q w (AC impedance)¥i o q F s X g (WAXD)¥w B p X g (SAXS)¥i q R o domain¡A H R L c A C s Åo i i B s q C
G q ; Nafion
G B
PEM q O Du Pont q Nafion
s C Nafion a q t E X A c p 1¡C -SO 3H i a t q l C c i n B m x v ÅT Nafion C x¡E X A n¡W h Nafion a q K C C m¡W h E X ÅéW C Nafion 1962~Du Pont q o C s q B q B q C Nafion c A (hydrophobic)ªt D (hydrophilic)ª.Yeo[1980]i Nafion :O 20.6J 1/2cm 3/2t D ;t O
34.2 J 1/2cm 3/2
-SO
3H C b
230¢J Åt X P l b J P X i X A Åv 100
J 120¢J T ÅéA -SO 3-l counter ion H + Na +E l cluster¡A l O a -SO 3-H 2O, Na +l A t X h A Y o n Nafion F f phase inversion¡ÅC Y G b ÅCH 3OH/H 2O o T ÅéA h ÅS¦b l l ~A Nafion T Åé
i A H CH 3OH/H 2O¡C
Y G O b 100¢J 120J H 2O/CH 3OH o A T ÅéA ÅS¦b l ~A h Nafion T ÅéL k A C W i G 1¡Nafion l q F 2¡Nafion m -È¡F 3¡Nafion D P a t q n F
4¡Nafion F 5¡A p G CH 3OH
C n H 2n+1OH¡/H 2O F 6¡o ÅA Nafion p G q B j B j v ÅT¡C b C ÅÅS¦b l l ~i F q
D ,¦e Q ,¾j t C b ÅQ b l l ,½q t ,¦e Q ,¾j i C p m I Å,¥H D Nafion O A q j ,¬O s y n C
1. Nafion c
t Nafion G t h A o R A m u C
.A t C Nafion G T O H J /¤ (4:1 wt ratio)¡B A J /¤(4:1 wt ratio)¡B J /¤(4:1 wt ratio)·G m ÅM b Åo C
A-1~ J /¤ ( 4:1 wt ratio )] A-2~ A J /¤ ( 4:1 wt ratio )] A-3~ J /¤ ( 4:1 wt ratio )]
.B t C H Nafion G H DMF m A t Nafion 10 wt¢H A Åb 120¢J A b 120¢J P o Nafion A C B-1~B-4~O 50¡B 60¡B 70¡B 80 .C t C B t C N o A h l N 72p A X A w C C-1~C-4~O 50¡B 60¡B 70¡B 80A h l B G P Q
/¤(4/1 wt ratio)¡B A J
/¤(4/1 wt ratio)¡B J /¤(4/1 wt ratio)²X DMF A Nafion s A Nafion/¾J /¤G O b Åo A Nafion/DMF
G m I A O b 120o C o C o Nafion/¾J /¤G s A b Åo A t A t H L k j n A x C o H H Nafion/¥J /¤G s Y A N
afion/
J /¤G s p h n A i O J A J J Nafion D A E A A t H C Nafion/DMF G s A i DMF P Nafion D B b Åo A A j A t H C
Nafion/¾J /¤G b Åo A t d (½s t C -A)¡C Nafion/DMF G b 120o C o s O A t (½s t C -B)¡C N m 72p F ÅA h o t (½s t C -C)¡C C X T t C t q C b A t C ,³t q O G A-1¡ A-2¡A-3¡A b t q F 47.7 wt M N X t A L k C b C t C A t q O :C-1¡C-2C-3¡C-4¡A o O annealing P s h B j A e Q A t q C C
2¡B34O O A¡B B C T t C DSC
R u C DSCÅt v O10o C/min¡C G C X T t C
风速辅助
l p q l p lÅ(T1)¡BÅ(T2)¡B M i p
IÅ(T m)¡C b A t C A∆H O:A-1¡A-2¡A-3¡C b0¢J l p O B H2O l p C b80 220¢J j l p O Nafion l J M
G o C b B t C A∆H O G B-1¡B-2¡B-3¡
B-4¡A annealing B i P i Nafion l W h C
j A B H annealing W A
l j A B t C O G B-1¡
B-2¡B-3¡B-4¡C b C t C A∆H O G C-1¡C-2¡C-3
C-4¡C DSC l p H A H2O o Nafion
C C t C T O G C-1¡C-2¡C-3¡C-4¡A M H2O t q O C1>C2>C3>C4¡A Nafion C1¡C2¡
C3¡C4¡A y∆H C G C-1< C-2< C-3< C-4¡C
5¡B6O O B C t C XRD g(2£c12¢X ~25¢X)¡C T C X B C t C XRD G b2£c~18¢X
g p d-spacing 5.12~4.94ÅA D t
X l(inter-chain spacing)¡C annealing W l Y u A l C
K A g p2θ=18o q j A d-spacing p Nafion j C i X Nafion H H2O l W j A B g j A Y Nafion H A P DSC k X C
C t C(swollen with 1N H2SO4 aqueous solution) H AC-impedance q o q(conductivity)¡C i
q O C-1¡C-2¡C-3¡C-4.³o O t q O
京能恒基C-1¡C-2¡C-3¡C-4G.
7¡B8¡B9O O B¡B C Nafion 117T t C I(q)q2 vs. q C i D o C h
c A q N g j I(q)»P q2n A q A i
®p¦ì¸m©Ò¹ïÀ³´²®g¦V¶q q m¨D±oªø°Ï¶¡¶¡¶Z (long domain distance) L [L=2£k/q m C b q~0.06Å-1g i p lamelar crystallite¡A q~0.2Å-1g i p ionic cluster C
i X G H annealing W A D t X
W A b C t C ionic cluster
o H annealing W p A
o H annealing W W A FÅ
t q A o H annealing W W p F t
A i X Nafion M H H2O G
D t X B-1¡C-1¡B B-2¡
C-2¡B B-3¡C-3¡B B-4¡C-4¡A Y Nafion H
A P DSC¡
B XRD k X C
B
WAXD M SAXSÅG A X F
c G b e j O C p o L
s b amorphous A B O N C
X H o G lamelar crystallites o W A b
ÅP l c s s A o W
A B W B C C
t t
s oÅ
(¢J)
t q wt M A-1 J/¤(4/1wtratio) Å 47.7 A-2 A J/¤(4/1wtratio) Å 42.6 A-3 J/¤(4/1wtratio) Å 41.4 B-1 DMF 120 0
B-2 DMF 120 0
B-3 DMF 120 0
t恤制作
B-4 DMF 120 0
C-1 DMF 120 9.14
C-2 DMF 120 7.04
C-3 DMF 120 6.34
C-4 DMF 120 5.83
C t C~B t C~H H2O t q B m
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G T t C DSC
T m
(H2O)
(¢J)
H
(H2O)
( J/g )
T1
(¢J)
T2
(¢J)
T m
(¢J)
H m
( J/g )
A-1 0.4 51.11 83.9 314 170.5 554.2 A-2 0.74 62.41 90.4 290 163.9 630.7 A-3 -1.05 47.70 90.4 290 160.4 639.4 T1
(¢J)
T2
(¢J)
T m
(¢J)
H m
( J/g )
B-1 8.9 341 224.48 83.76 B-2 8.9 359 225.81 93.75 B-3 7.8 358 224.21 138.3 B-4 7.7 333 224.30 156.6 T1
(¢J)
T2
(¢J)
T ma
(¢J)
T mb
(¢J)
H m
( J/g )
C-1 8.93 350 113.4 224.2 117.9 C-2 8.93 359 80.9 224.6 149.4
C-3 8.93 358 114.4 224.8 157.8
C-4 8.86 355 118.9 225 175.4
-
100.00
0.00100.00
200.00300.00400.00
Temp()
12.0016.00
20.0024.00
2Temp()
T
B C t C XRD
非晶硅薄膜电池
s 2£c ( X ) Intensity(counts) d-spacing(Å) B-1 17.40 156 5.09 B-2 17.54 148 5.05 B-3 17.64 138 5.02 B-4 17.90 90 4.94 C-1 17.29 152 5.12 C-2 17.48 146 5.07 C-3 17.52 136 5.05 C-4 17.82 120 4.97 C t C q
s C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 p (£g m) 115 105 68 120 X (£) 0.72 0.71 0.53 1.00 q (S/cm) 2.03x10-2 1.88x10-2 1.62x10-2 1.52x10-2 2O A t C DSC R u .
3O B t C DSC R u
5O B t C XRD g
I (q )q 2
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
q (1/nm)
7O B t C I(q)q 2 vs. q
9O Nafion 117 I(q)q 2 vs. q
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