两种常用表面活性剂在砂岩表面吸附特性的分子模拟_徐加放

2012年9月第27卷第5期西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)
Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition )Sep.2012Vol.27No.5
收稿日期:2012-06-20基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划“863”项目
“深水钻完井关键技术”(编号:2006AA09A106);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“一种表面活性剂分子结构设计、合成及作用机理研究”
(编号:10CX05008A )作者简介:徐加放(1973-),男,博士,副教授,主要从事井壁稳定、钻井液、油气层保护及水合物方面的研究.
E-mail :xjiafang@upc.edu.cn
文章编号:1673-
064X (2012)05-0050-04两种常用表面活性剂在砂岩表面
吸附特性的分子模拟
徐加放1,付元强2,田太行3,刘洪军1,孙泽宁1,孙中富
1
(1.中国石油大学石油工程学院,山东青岛266555;2.中国石化国际石油工程公司
叙利亚分公司,北京100010;3.中国石油渤海钻探公司,天津300450)
摘要:探索和研究表面活性剂在砂岩表面的吸附特性,对于正确选择表面活性剂及其使用浓度,开
发新型、高效、功能型表面活性剂具有重要意义.采用Materials Studio (MS )软件,以二氧化硅作为理想岩层,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠和硬脂酸钠两种油田常用表面活性剂为研究对象,建立了一个含水的多晶胞模型.通过动态模拟表明:十二烷基苯磺酸钠比硬脂酸钠更易发生聚集,使临界胶束浓度降低;温度稳定快,最终温度高;能量稳定慢,最终能量低.为今后油田用表面活性剂的选择和新型高效表面活性剂的开发提供了一种可借鉴的方法.关键词:表面活性剂;吸附;砂岩;分子模拟;油田化学中图分类号:TE122文献标识码:A 分子模拟又称“计算机模拟”或“计算机实验”,是一种根据实际体系在计算机上进行的实验.通过比较模拟结果与实际体系的实验数据来检验模型的准确性,并可检验由模型导出的解析理论所作的简化近似是否成功
[1-2]
.用分子模拟不但可以模拟现实中能进行的实验过程,而且可以用来模拟、研究如分子在各种表面上
的动态行为、分子的结构、分子运动的特征、蛋白质的折叠等现代物理实验方法难以计量的物理现象与物理过程.一般说来,分子模拟方法主要有4种:量子力学方法、分子力学方法、分子
动力学和分子蒙特卡洛方法
[3-5]
.分子模拟已成为化学、物理、生物、材料研究中的有力工具,是人们继
实验与理论研究之外,了解、认识微观世界的“第三
种手段”.在石油化工领域,分子模拟技术可以用来
开发新型驱油剂、缓蚀剂、纳米调剖颗粒、黏土防膨
剂,重油加氢以及稠油降黏剂等
[2,7-8]
.1表面活性剂在油田的应用
表面活性剂在油田中被广泛应用于钻井液与完
井液技术、压裂酸化技术、强化采油技术、泡沫排液
技术、冲砂洗井采气技术、油气集输技术等[9].根据表面活性剂的分子结构和官能团的不同,既可以用
作泡沫剂、防水锁剂、乳化剂、润湿反转剂、润滑剂、减阻剂、防膨剂等,又可以用作消泡剂、破乳剂等.表面活性剂在地层表面的吸附量和吸附特性(吸附方式、吸附量、吸附和扩散速度以及自组装行为等)对表面活性剂的选择起到至关重要的作用
[9-11]
徐加放等:两种常用表面活性剂在砂岩表面吸附特性的分子模拟
2
模型的建立
2.1
MS 软件
Materials Studio 5.0是由美国Accelry 公司开发
完成的目前全球范围内惟一能够提供分子模拟、材料设计以及化学信息学和生物信息学全面解决方案和相关服务的一个模块化模拟与数据管理软件.可以帮助研究者构建、显示和分析分子、固体及表面的结构模型,并研究、预测材料的相关性质.2.2
表面活性剂在二氧化硅表面吸附模型的建立
(1)建立水分子模型,并进行初步的能量优化;(2)建立二氧化硅晶胞并进行能量优化;
(3)表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠和硬脂酸钠分子模型的建立及其位能模型的选取.用MS 软件对离子晶体或含离子键的混合晶体进行优化时,离
子键在建模过程中是相连的,
但进入能量优化阶段,需要将这些金属离子和氧离子之间的键剪掉(这是
MS 软件的特殊要求,不会影响优化后的结果);(4)建立二氧化硅3D 超晶胞模型并进行能量优化;
(5)向二氧化硅晶胞模型中导入表面活性剂分子,同时导入水分子,建立模拟系统,并进行能量优化.
优化后模拟系统如图1所示
图1
多晶胞模型
Fig.1
Multi-crystal cell models of SDBS and sodium stearate
表1
两种表面活性剂模拟体系能量优化前后数据对比
斩波调速器
Tab.1Comparison of energy of two surfactant systems before and after optimization
能量
十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系
硬脂酸钠体系
优化前
优化后优化前
优化后总势能/(kcal ·mol -1
)16859788020.88
-30152.0965438831711.36
-31852.56内能/(kcal ·mol -1)
汤杯
14414.20-847.9215545.99-863.27键伸缩势能/(kcal ·mol -1
)11014.20351.7212472.54309.75键角弯曲势能/(kcal ·mol -1)3886.08486.233419.16523.31双面角扭曲势能/(kcal ·mol -1
)-1437.23
-1474.79
-1341.59
-1524.72
离平面振动势能/(kcal ·mol -1)1.850.444.793.03结构能/(kcal ·mol -1
)
949.28-211.53
991.07-174.65键键作用能/(kcal ·mol -1)61.233.50-40.81-2.31键角作用能/(kcal ·mol -1
)303.26-73.80648.12-71.86末端键扭转能/(kcal ·mol -1)-82.35-24.57-16.60-1.15中间键扭转能/(kcal ·mol -1)
-433.59-124.03
-40.818.21角扭转能/(kcal ·mol -1)
295.472.05-222.91
-96.80
键键作用能/(kcal ·mol -1
)35.334.4400角角作用能/(kcal ·mol -1)22.46
0.83
10.64
3.63
非键作用能/(kcal ·mol -1
)16859773754.42-29155.4765438816318.52-30837.14范德瓦尔兹能/(kcal ·mol -1)16859785885.982999.5065438829103.583009.31范德华斥能/(kcal ·mol -1)16873395280.218947.4165472329621.888772.36范德华散能/(kcal ·mol -1)-13609395.23
-5947.91-33500518.23
-5763.05静电作用能/(kcal ·mol -1)-12130.47-32154.97-12784.94-33846.46约束条件
-148.70
-148.70
-152.14
-152.14
由表1可以看出:当系统结构趋于稳定时,体系能量降低,符合自然界能量趋于最低定律;体系能量
15—
西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)
优化前以范德华力(Van der Waals )为主,优化后以静电力为主;优化前总势能非常大,而优化后总势能为负值,说明体系已经稳定.两种表面活性剂在键能、键角等有明显不同.
3
模型的动态模拟及结果分析
3.1
十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系
(1)模拟过程:激活能量优化后的超晶胞3D 窗口;点击modules →discover →dynamics ,进行动态模拟.
(2)模拟结果见图2、图3和图
4.
图2
动态模拟后的十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系
Fig.2
SDBS system after dynamic
simulation
图3十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系动态模拟的温度-时间关系
Fig.3Relationship between temperature and time in SDBS simulating
system
图4
十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系动态模拟的能量-时间关系
Fig.4
Relationship between energy and time
in SDBS simulating system
3.2
硬脂酸钠体系
(1)模拟过程:同十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系.(2)模拟结果分别见图5、图6和图
7.
图5动态模拟后的硬脂酸钠体系
Fig.5
Sodium stearate system after dynamic
simulation
图6
硬脂酸钠体系动态模拟的温度-时间关系
Fig.6
Relationship between temperature and time
in sodium stearate simulating
system
图7硬脂酸钠体系动态模拟的能量-时间关系
Fig.7Relationship between energy and time
in sodium stearate simulating system
3.3
结果分析
(1)晶胞结构图
从图2和图5的平衡吸附构型可以看出,两种表面活性剂均稳定地吸附在二氧化硅表面上,其中亲水基靠近表面产生稳定的吸附,这主要是由于表
熄火延时器面活性剂亲水基中的极性原子(S 、
O 等)与固体表面之间强烈的静电相互作用造成的;而疏水链远离二氧化硅表面发生明显的扭曲或弯曲现象,并通过
25—
徐加放等:两种常用表面活性剂在砂岩表面吸附特性的分子模拟
疏水作用产生相互交织,且与水层之间存在一定的间隙,阻碍了水分子向二氧化硅表面的吸附.进一步分析发现,十二烷基苯磺酸钠在二氧化硅表面产生团聚现象,形成了胶束;而硬脂酸钠则仍旧以单分子形式吸附,并未形成明显的胶束结构,这表明十二烷基苯磺酸钠的临界胶束浓度低于硬脂酸钠的临界胶束浓度.
(2)温度-时间关系
从图3和图6中温度随时间的演化曲线可以看出,十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系的温度达到平衡需要的时间较短,体系稳定更快,最终温度高.这是由于两种表面活性剂在二氧化硅表面吸附结构不同造成的.
(3)能量-时间关系
从图4和图7中能量随时间的演化曲线可以看出,硬脂酸钠体系的能量在较短的时间内就能达到平衡,且最终的能量高于十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系的能量.而十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系在模拟过程中,体系能量先升高后降低,最终达到稳定状态,这是因为十二烷基苯磺酸钠分子开始以单分子形式吸附在固体表面,能量处于较高状态;随后形成胶团结构,分子之间的相互作用增强,使得体系能量降低,吸附结构更加稳定,此时的表面活性剂浓度为临界胶束浓度值.
4结论与建议
(1)两种表面活性剂的碳链都有明显的扭曲或弯曲现象,但十二烷基苯磺酸钠比硬脂酸钠更易发生聚集,有明显的团聚现象,使临界胶束浓度降低.
(2)十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系温度稳定较快,最终温度高.
(3)硬脂酸钠体系能量稳定较快,体系能量高于十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系.
建议进一步扩大对油田用表面活性剂的吸附和水化特性进行模拟,为今后油田用表面活性剂的选择和新型高效表面活性剂的开发提供理论依据.
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责任编辑:贺元旦
蓝组合
35
of gathering stations.The conventional oil-gas metering separator is of shortcomings of large volume and low metering accuracy,and therefore it is not suitable to oil well production metering in the high water-cut stage.A novel metering method is proposed.There are four sampling holes of2.5mm diameter evenly distributing around measuring element.A swirling flow generating element is mounted before metering element for producing the annular flow of uniform thickness in metering element to improve the representative of the sample.Experiments were carried out with a multi-phase flow loop of40mm diameter.The experimental results show that in the experi-mental range of flow rate,the ratio of sampling flow rate to total flow rate is not influenced by the change of gas or liquid content in main pipeline,and the shunt coefficient of liquid phase is in the stable value
of0.05.The mean metering error of liquid phase is2.8%and that of gas phase is4.2%.The metering element has the advantages of small size,low cost and high reliability.The application of the metering element can replace the metering station and simplify oil-gas gathering system in high water-cut development stage.Key words:multiphase flow metering;sampling element;oil-gas gathering system;high water-cut stage
LIANG Fa-chun1,2,CHEN Jing1,LIU De-xu2,GONG Jin-hai2(1.Faculty of Pipeline and Civil Engineering,China University of Pe-troleum(East China),Qingdao266555,Shandong,China;2.Research Institute of Exploration and Design,Zhongyuan Petroleum Explo-ration Bureau,Puyang457001,Henan,China)JXSYU2012V.27N.5p.47-49,70
Molecular simulation of absorption properties of two commonly used surfactants on sandstone
Abstract:Two surfactants widely used in oilfield-SDBS(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate)and sodium stearate being taken as research objectives,and silica as rock,the multi-crystal cell models of two surfactants are established using Materials Studio(MS)soft-ware.The dynamic molecular simulation results show that,the molecules of SDBS more easily gather than those of sodium stearate,which makes its CMC(critical micelle concentration)lower;SDBS more quickly reac
hes to stable temperature,its final temperature is high-er;SDBS more slowly reaches to stable energy,and its final energy is lower.The results can provide reference for the selection of oilfield surfactants and the development of new high-performance surfactants.
Key words:surfactant;absorption;sandstone;molecular simulation;oilfield chemistry
XU Jia-fang1,FU Yuan-qiang2,TIAN Tai-hang3,LIU Hong-jun1,SUN Ze-ning1,SUN Zhong-fu1(1.Faculty of Petroleum Engi-neering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao266555,Shandong,China;2.Syria Branch,Sinopec International Petro-leum Engineering Corporation,Beijing100010,China;3.Bohai Drilling Company,CNPC,Tianjin300450,China)JXSYU2012V.27 N.5p.50-53
Surface dilational property and foam properties of compounded system of AOS with CHSB
Abstract:In order to investigate the feasibility of the compounded system of sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate(AOS)with cocoamido propyl hydroxy sulfobetaine(CHSB)in the foam flooding in Daqing Oilfield,the surface tension,surface dilational viscoelasticity and foam property of the compounded system were tested using interfacial rheometer and foam scanner.The results show that,compared with AOS and CHSB,the surface tension and critical micelle concentration of the c
ompounded system decrease,and that when the mass ratio of AOS to CHSB is6ʒ4,they are minimum.There are maxima of surface dilational viscoelasticity and phase angle of the compounded system with the increase of the concentration of the system.Compared with AOS and CHSB,the surface dilational viscoelasticity of the compounded system is better,and when the mass ratio of AOS to CHSB is6ʒ4,it is the best.Foam stability of the compounded system is also well.When the mass ratio of AOS to CHSB is4ʒ6 7ʒ3,the foam property of the compounded system is the best.Key words:sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate;cocoamido propyl hydroxy sulfobetaine;compounded system;surface dilational vis-coelasticity;foam property
LIU Hong-sheng,LV Chang-sen,YANG Li,JIANG Dong-yang(Research Institute of Development and Exploration,Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd.,Daqing163712,Heilongjiang,China)JXSYU2012V.27N.5p.54-57
Analysis of the PSD and PDF characteristics of gas-liquid slug flow
Abstract:In the gas-liquid pipeline transmission,slug flow is the most common flow regime,which brings a lot of trouble to normal running of the pipeline.The probability density function(PDF)and the power spectral density function(PSD)characteristics of the pressure and the pressure difference
of the slug flow under different conditions are obtained by a lot of experiments and the statistical a-nalysis of experimental results.The experimental results are collected and processed using LabVIEW platform.It is shown that,the pres-sure PDF of the slug flow may present single-peak,double-peak or multi-peak distribution,and the double-peak distribution is the most

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