一、课题研究的目的和意义
模具是用来成型物品的工具，这种工具由各种零件构成，不同的模具由不同的零件构成。它主要通过所成型材料物理状态的改变来实现物品外形的加工。模具是机械制造业中技术先进、影响深远的重要工艺装备，具有生产效率高、材料利用率高、制件质量优良、工艺适应性好等特点，被广泛应用于汽车、机械、航天、航空、轻工、电子、电器、仪表等行业。 墨粉
该课题主要是设计180#柴油机通风口座子拉深模。让我们在以往对模具设计学习的基础上熟悉冲压模具的设计流程，它既是一次对我们学习模具的检阅也是一次综合运用能力的锻炼。
通过毕业设计，应使自己在下述基本能力上得到培养和锻炼：1、了解冲压模具设计的原理和方法；2、学会利用Auto CAD、Pro/E等软件进行模具设计；3、初步学会优化分析和设计。网络球
二、国内外研究现状
模具生产技术水平的高低，已成为衡量一个国家产品制造水平高低的重要标志，因为模具在很大程度上决定着产品的质量、效益和新产品的开发能力。中国经济的高速发展对模具工业提出了越来越高的要求，也为其发展提供了巨大的动力。近10年来，中国模具工业一直以每年15%左右的增长速度快速发展。 但与发达国家相比，中国模具工业无论在技术上，还是在管理上，都存在较大差距。特别在大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具技术上，差距尤为明显。中国每年需要大量进口此类模具，在模具产品结构上，中低档模具相对过剩，市场竞争加剧价格偏低，降低了许多模具企业的效益。而中高档模具能力不足，模具的开发能力较弱，技术人才严重不足，科研开发和技术攻关投入少等一系列问题，严重制约了中国模具行业的发展。
近年来，我国大型冲压模具已能生产单套重量达50多吨的模具。为中档轿车配套的覆盖件模具国内也能生产了。精度达到1~2μm，寿命2亿次左右的多工位级进模国内已有多家企业能够生产。表面粗糙度达到Ra≤1.5μm 的精冲模，大尺寸（φ≥300mm）精冲模及中厚板精冲模国内也已达到相当高的水平。
模具技术的发展应该为适应模具产品“交货期短”、“精度高”、“质量好”、“价格低”的要求服务。达到这一要求急需发展如下几项：（1）全面推广CAD/CAM/CAE技术；（2）高速铣削加工；（3）模具扫描及数字化系统；（4）电火花铣削加工；（5）提高模具标准化程度；（6）优质材料及先进表面处理技术；（7）模具研磨抛光将自动化、智能化；（8）模具自动加工系统的发展。
三、主要研究内容
(1)了解拉深模结构，特别是拉深模设计的原理和方法以及步骤。
(2)了解模具设计最新的发展方向等。了解拉深模的特点，设计180#柴油机通风口座子拉深模，确定拉深次数。了解模具行业及材料成型行业的现状和今后的发展趋势。
雪莲生发液四、技术方法
(1)结合设计课题进行文献检索。
(2)有条件的外出参观实习对拉深模具有更进一步的了解。
(3)在导师指导下独立完成模具的总体设计。
(4)学会幻灯片PPT的制作按照规范格式撰写毕业设计说明书。
参考文献
（1）.魏春雷等。冲压工艺与模具设计。北京：北京理工大学出版社，2012（2）.佘银柱。冲压工艺与模具设计。北京：北京大学出版社，2005（3）.付宏生。冷冲压成形工艺与模具设计制造。北京：化学工业出版社，2005 （4）.陈蕴博等。冷作模具用材及热处理。北京：机械工业出版社，1986（5）.王孝培。冲压手册。北京：机械工业出版社，2004
（6）.中国模具设计大典编委会。中国模具设计大典。南昌：江西科学技术出版社，2003
（7）.冲模设计手册编写组。冲模设计手册。北京：机械工业出版社，1982（8）.李天佑《冲模图册》北京：机械工业出版社，2003
点头娃娃
Die history
1Die position in industrial production
Mold is a high-volume products with the shape tool,is the main process of industrial production equipment.
With mold components,with high efficiency,good quality,low cost,saving energy and raw materials and a series of advantages,with the mold workpieces possess high accuracy,high complexity,high consistency,high productivity and low consumption, other manufacturing methods can not match.Have already become an important means of industrial production and technological development.The basis of the modern industrial economy.
The development of modern industrial and technological level depends largely on the level of industrial development die,so die industry to national economic and social development will play an i
ncreasing role.March1989the State Council promulgated"on the current industrial policy decision points"in the mold as the machinery industry transformation sequence of the first,production and capital construction of the second sequence(after the large-scale power generation equipment and the corresponding power transmission equipment),establish tooling industry in an important position in the national economy.Since1997,they have to mold and its processing technology and equipment included in the"current national focus on encouraging the development of industries,products and technologies catalog"and "to encourage foreign investment industry directory."Approved by the State Council,from1997to2000,more than80professional mold factory owned70% VAT refund of preferential policies to support mold industry.All these have fully demonstrated the development of the State Council and state departments tooling industry attention and support.Mold around the world about the current annual output of60billion U.S.dollars,Japan,the United States and other industrialized countries die of industrial output value of more than machine tool industry,beginning in1997,China's industrial output value has exceeded the mold machine tool industry output.
According to statistics,home appliances,toys and other light industries,nearly90% of the parts are integrated with production of chopsticks;in aircraft,automobiles, agricultural machinery and radio industries,the proportion exceeded60%.Such as aircraft manufacturing,the use of a certain type of fi热流道模具
ghter dies more than30,000units, of which the host8000sets,2000sets of engines,auxiliary20000sets.From the output of view,since the80's,the United States,Japan and other industrialized countries die industry output value has exceeded the machine tool industry,and there are still rising.Production technology,according to the International Association predicts that in2000,the product best pieces of rough75%,50%will be finished mold completed;metals,plastics,ceramics,rubber,building materials and other industrial products,most of the mold will be completed in more than50%metal plates,more than80%of all plastic products,especially through the mold into.
2China's mold industry and its development trend Die&Mould Industry Status
恒压变量泵
Due to historical reasons for the formation of closed,"big and complete"enterprise features,most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop,in factory matching status since the late70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and specialization of production.Production efficiency is not high,poor economic returns.Mold production industry is small and scattered,cross-industry, capital-intensive,professional,commercial and technical management level are relatively low.
According to incomplete statistics,there are now specialized in manufacturing mold,the product supp
orting mold factory workshop(factory)near17000,about600 000employees,annual output value reached20billion yuan mold.However,the existing capacity of the mold and die industry can only meet the demand of60%,still can not meet the needs of national economic development.At present,the domestic needs of large,sophisticated,complex and long life of the mold also rely mainly on
imports.According to customs statistics,in1997630million U.S.dollars worth of imports mold,not including the import of mold together with the equipment;in1997 only78million U.S.dollars export mold.At present the technological level of China Die&Mould Industry and manufacturing capacity,China's national economy in the weak links and bottlenecks constraining sustainable economic development.
2.1Research on the Structure of industrial products mold
In accordance with the division of China Mould Industry Association,China mold is divided into10basic categories,which,stamping die and plastic molding two categories accounted for the main part.Calculated by output,present,China accounts for about50%die stamping,plastic molding die about20%,Wire Drawing Die(Tool)about10%of the world's advanced industrial countries and regions,the proportion of plastic forming die die general of the total output value40%.
Most of our stamping die mold for the simple,single-process mode and meet the molds,precision die,precision multi-position progressive die is also one of the few, die less than100million times the average life of the mold reached100million times the maximum life of more than accuracy3~5um,more than50progressive station, and the international life of the die600million times the highest average life of the die50million times compared to the mid80s at the international advanced level.
China's plastic molding mold design,production technology started relatively late, the overall level of low.Currently a single cavity,a simple mold cavity70%,and still dominant.A sophisticated multi-cavity mold plastic injection mold,plastic injection mold has been able to multi-color preliminary design and manufacturing. Mould is about80million times the average life span is about,the main difference is the large deformation of mold components,excess burr side of a large,poor surface quality,erosion and corrosion serious mold cavity,the mold cavity exhaust poor and vulnerable such as,injection mold5um accuracy has reached below the highest life expectancy has exceeded20million times,the number has more than100chamber cavity,reaching the mid80s to early90s the international advanced level.
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