摘要
摘要地震的模拟实验
随着社会的发展和科学技术的进步，现代通信技术得到了飞速地发展，在军用和
民用中所产生的数据越来越大。不管是在即将到来的5G时代还是方兴未艾的物联网
中每时每刻都进行着大量的信息交换，并且通信数据量呈现出爆炸式增长的趋势。天
线在通信系统中充当信息的发送和接收的角，其重要性不言而喻。根据香农定理，
带宽越宽可传输的信息量也就越大，所以超宽带天线也就应运而生；从美观、安装方 便和易于共形的角度，天线需要满足低剖面的要求。在通信系统中使用多天线不仅可
以减小瑞利衰落的影响还可以增大通信系统的数据量，但是一般的相控阵天线，都会
受到地板和天线单元之间互耦的影响而降低通信系统的性能。近年来出现一种新型超 宽带天线：紧耦合天线阵列。它具有超宽带、易于安装、低剖面的特点，可以有效地 规划沙盘
解决上述问题。本文基于紧耦合天线阵列设计思想，对阵列天线的互耦效应进行了研
究与利用。论文的主要工作包括以下几个部分：
1、分析了平面紧耦合天线的原理。首先分析了地板对平面天线阻抗和带宽的影响。然后研究了紧耦合天线阵列的等效电路和阻抗，讨论了带有地板平面天线在天线 石竹素上层和下层添加不同材料的介质层可实现的极限带宽。
2、设计了一种紧耦合超宽带交织螺旋天线，天线的带宽为5GHz-30GHz(6:1)，并对其在不同频率时的方向图进行了研究与分析。采用主从边界的方法在对天线优化后，
⨯的阵列，该天线阵列具有良好的增益带宽和轴比带宽。对常用的设计仿真了一个33
平衡馈电巴伦进行了分析，设计了一款共面波导到平衡微带线转换的馈电巴伦，带宽
1GHz-9.5GHz，该巴伦具有结构简单便于加工，易与天线集成等优点。
3、研究了紧耦合偶极子天线阵列。首先采取无限周期性结构的方式对天线单元
进行了仿真优化，分析了天线的电路等效，分别从场和路的两种思想对耦合效应对天
线带宽的影响进行了讨论。然后分析了有限单元天线阵列的边缘截断效应，并采用延
⨯天线阵列长边缘单元天线臂的方式有效的减小了边缘截断效应。最后设计了一个88
并对阵列的扫描性能进行了分析。最终实现了天线阵列在1.4GHz-8.4GHz(6:1)的带宽
范围内VSWR<2，在0-45°扫描时也天线具有很好的性能。
关键词：紧耦合，相控阵，超宽带，宽带巴伦
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, modern communication technology has been developed rapidly and the data in the military and the civil fields are growing rapidly. Whether it is in the upcoming 5G filed or Internet of Things in a corner with a lot of information exchange, and the amount of communication data showing a trend of explosive growt
h. Antenna in the communication system plays the role of sending and receiving information, which is very important in communication system. According to Shannon's theorem, the larger the bandwidth, the greater the amount of information can be transmitted, so the ultra-wideband antenna will come into being; for the sake of beauty, easy installation and easy conformal, and the low profile requirements of the antenna. The use of multiple antennas in communication system can reduce the impact of Rayleigh fading and increase the amount of data in the communication system, but the general phased array antenna array will be affected by floor and mutual coupling which will reduce the performance of the communication system. In recent years appear a new ultra-wideband antenna design method: Tightly Coupled Antenna Array. In this paper, the mutual coupling effect of array antenna is studied and utilized by means of tightly coupled antenna array design. The main work of the paper includes the following parts:
1、The principle of plane tight coupled antenna is analyzed. The influence of floor on the
impedance and bandwidth of planar antenna is analyzed. Then, the equivalent circuit and impedance of the tightly coupled antenna array are analyzed, and the limit bandwidth achievable with the floor plane antenna under different conditions is discussed.
2、A tightly coupled ultra-wideband interconnected helical antenna is designed, and the
bandwidth of the antenna 5GHz-30GHz (6:1) is studied and analyzed. In the design of the antenna array unit when the unit between the mutual coupling factor take into account, using the master and slave boundary method simulation of the infinite antenna array. After optimizing the array of antenna elements, an array of antennas 3×3 has a good gain bandwidth and an axial bandwidth. Finally, we analyze some of the balanced feed balun commonly used in structural symmetric antenna, and design a bandwidth of balun 1GHz-9.5GHz, which is simple and easy to process and easily for antenna integrate.
3、The tightly coupled dipole antenna is studied and analyzed. The antenna element is
simulated by the infinite cycle, and the circuit is equivalent to the antenna. The influence of the coupling effect on the antenna bandwidth is analyzed from the two ideas of the field and the road respectively. Then, the edge truncation effect of the finite element antenna array is analyzed, and the edge truncation effect is effectively reduced by extending the edge element antenna arm. Finally, an antenna array 8×8 is designed and the scanning performance of the antenna is analyzed. The antenna array in the final realization of the bandwidth range 1.4GHz-8.4GHz (6:1), when scan to 0-45 ° the antenna performance is also very good.收获时间到
Keywords: Tightly Coupled Array, Phased Array, UWB, Broadband Balun
插图索引
插图索引
图1.1文献[3]中的天线模型 (3)
图1.2文献[4]中的天线模型 (3)
图1.3文献[5]中的天线模型 (4)
图1.4文献[7]中的模型 (4)
图1.5文献[8][9]中的天线模型 (5)
图1.6渐变削槽天线模型 (5)
光盘封套图1.7碎片天线模型 (6)
图2.1电流片及连续偶极子天线模型 (9)
图2.2没有地板的Wheeler电流层的的模型 (10)
图2.3带地板紧耦合天线等效电路及smith圆图中阻抗曲线 (11)
图2.4带地板且添加一层匹配层天线的效电路及smith圆图中阻抗曲线 (11)
图2.5带地板且添加两层匹配层天线的等效电路及smith圆图中阻抗曲线.. 12图2.6交指型紧耦合天线阵列 (12)
图2.7紧耦合双偶极子天线阵列 (13)
图2.8紧耦合长槽缝隙天线阵列 (13)
图2.9文献[17]中的模型 (14)
图2.10紧耦合“四叶草”天线阵列 (15)
图2.11带地板平面天线阵列模型 (16)
图2.12理想地板上平面天线中的电流 (16)
图2.13理想地板上不同距离的平面半波偶极子天线远场方向图 (17)
图2.14理想地板上平面半波偶极子天线输入阻抗 (18)
图2.15理想电流片模型和用偶极子天线可实现的等效模型 (18)
图2.16紧耦合天线阵列模型的剖面图 (19)
图2.17有下层介质材料的平面天线 (19)
εμ与带宽的关系 (20)
图2.18天线下层介质材料的/
r r
图2.19天线上层有介质材料的平面天线的等效电路 (20)
ε与带宽的关系 (21)
图2.20天线上层介质材料的相对介电常数
sup
图2.21天线等效电路的阶数n与可实现极限带宽的关系 (21)
图3.1天线单元结构示意图 (24)
碱性脱漆剂
图3.2天线的等效电路 (24)
图3.3各参数与VSWR的关系 (26)
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