1. Scope
1．范围
1.1 This specification covers several different types of chemical passivation treatments for stainless steel parts. It includes recommendations and precautions for descaling, cleaning, and passivation of stainless steel parts. It includes several alternative tests, with acceptance criteria, for confirmation of effectiveness of such treatments for stainless steel parts.
1.1本技术规范适用于几种不同类型不锈钢部件的化学钝化处理。本技术规范包括：不锈钢部件除垢、清洁、钝化的建议和防护；本技术规范包括了几种可供选择的有验收标准的不锈钢部件处理效果确认的检测。 1.2 Practices for the mechanical and chemical treatments of stainless steel surfaces are discussed more thoroughly in Practice A 380.
1.2 不锈钢表面物理和化学处理的作业在作业A380里有更详尽的论述。 1.3 Several alternative chemical treatments are defined for passivation of stainless steel parts. Appendix X1 gives some nonmandatory information and provides some general guidelines regarding the selection of passivation treatment appropriate to particular grades of stainless steel. It makes no recommendations regarding the suitability of any grade, treatment, or acceptance criteria for any particular application or class of applications.
1.3 几种可供选择的不锈钢部件化学钝化处理在此有详细规定。附录X1提供了一些适用于特殊等级不锈钢钝化处理选择的非强制性的技术资料并提供了总的指导方针。关于特殊的应用或应用种类的等级、处理和验收标准的适宜性，它没有作出建议。
1.4 The tests in this specification are intended to confirm the effectiveness of passivation, particularly with regard to the removal of free iron and other exogenous matter. These tests include the following practices:
1.4 本技术规范之中的检测意在证实钝化的效果，尤其是关于游离铁和其它外生物质（杂质）的去除问题。这些检测包括下列的作业：故障诊断方法
1.4.1 Practice A—Water Immersion Test,
1.4.2 Practice B—High Humidity Test,
1.4.3 Practice C—Salt Spray Test,
转动积木
1.4.4 Practice D—Copper Sulfate Test,
1.4.5 Practice E—Potassium Ferricyanide–Nitric Acid Test, and
1.4.6 Practice F—Free Iron Test.
1.4.1 作业A—水浸检测
1.4.2 作业B—高湿检测
冷凝器设计1.4.3 作业C—盐雾检测
1.4.4 作业D—硫酸铜检测
1.4.5 作业E—铁--硝酸检测
1.4.6 作业F—游离铁检测
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 以用磅/寸单位表示的数值作为标准，在括号内给出的国际单位制的单位仅供参考。
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 14 through 18 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 下列预防性的告诫仅属于检测方法部分，本技术规范的第14节至18节：如有安全问
题，此标准不意在处理所有涉及到使用的安全问题。使用前，确立适当的安全措施、卫生的作业和确定管理限制的适用性责任在于标准的使用者。
2. Referenced Documents
2. 参考的文献
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
2.1 ASTM(美国材料实验协会)标准：
A 380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Depassivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems.
A380 不锈钢部件、设备和系统的清洗、除垢、钝化的作业。
B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
B117 操作喷盐（雾）设备的作业
B 254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless Steel镀层厚度检测
B254 电镀不锈钢的准备作业和电镀不锈钢的作业。
2.2 Federal Specification:3
2.2 联邦的技术规范
QQ-P-35C Passivation Treatments for Corrosion-Resistant Steels
QQ-P-35-C抗蚀钢（不锈钢）钝化处理
3. Terminology
3. 术语
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard—It is necessary to define which of the several commonly used definitions of the term passivation will be used in this specification. (See Discussion.)
3.1 本标准的术语定义——在本技术规范将经常使用到的几个术语“钝化”的定义有必要作出规定。（见论述）
3.1.1 Discussion—Stainless steels are autopassivating in the sense that the protective passive film is formed spontaneously on exposure to air or moisture. The presence of exogenous surface contamination, including dirt, grease, free iron from contact with steel tooling, and so forth, may interfere with the formation of the passive film. The cleaning of these contaminants from the stainless steel surface will facilitate the spontaneous passivation by allowing the oxygen uniform access to the surface. The passive film may be augmented by chemical treatments that provide an oxidizing environment for the stainless steel surface.
3.1.1 论述——在某种意义上说，在暴露到空气和湿气的情况下，保护性的钝化膜自动生成是不锈钢在自动钝化。外生的表面污染，包括：尘土、油脂、来自钢铁加工的游离铁等等，可以影响到钝化膜的生成。通过允许氧气均衡地接触到不锈钢表面，不锈钢表面污染的清洗将会有助于自动钝化。通过为不锈钢表面提供一个氧化环境的化学处理，钝化膜可以得到增强。
3.1.1.1 In this specification, passivation, unless otherwise specified, is defined as the chemical treatment of a stainless steel with a mild oxidant, such as a nitric acid solution, for the purpose of the removal of free iron or other foreign matter, but which is generally not effective in removal of heat tint or oxide scale on stainless steel. In the case of stainless steels with additions of sulfur for the purpose of improved machinability, passivation may also include the removal of sulfides from the surface of the metal for the purpose of maximizing corrosion resistance.
3.1.1.1 在本技术规范中，除非另有规定，“钝化”被定义为：为了消除游离铁和其它杂质，用温和的氧化剂对不锈钢进行化学处理，例如硝酸溶液，但是“钝化”对于消除不锈钢回火颜和氧化膜（皮）通常是无效的。为了增强良好的切削加工性的情况下，对于带有硫磺的不锈钢，为了令抗腐性最优化，钝化也可包括金属表面硫化物的去除作业。焗油机
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