摘要
为了适应信息时代的需要，保证建筑内部的安全性，满足用户当时的各种需求，门禁系统应运而生。门禁系统集电脑技术、电子技术、机械技术、磁电技术和射频识别技术于一体，使卡与锁之间实现完整“对话”功能，以智能卡来控制门锁的开启，开创了门禁管理的新概念，它不仅给管理者提供了更安全、更快捷、更自动化的管理模式，而且也给使用者带来了极大的方便。为此，本文研究一种基于射频识别（Radio Frequence Identification：RFID）技术的门禁系统。 （1）研究了基于射频识别技术的门禁系统的总体设计，设计了射频IC读卡器的电路原理图，给出了PCB板。读卡器主要由射频天线、读卡模块、RS485通信接口及单片机控制系统组成，能读写Philips公司的Mifare非接触式智能射频卡，读卡距离约10cm。当没有卡进入读卡能量范围时，系统显示时钟，当有卡进入时则读卡内数据并将卡号信息显示在液晶显示器上。 （2） 蒙自水芹深入研究RFID 天线的EMC过滤器、接收电路以及天线匹配电路等构成，结合本设计采用了线圈天线，并从品质因素Q和调谐频率两方面设计读写器天线，设计优化了天线耦合
电路。
（3）针对设备组网应用要求，门禁终端通信采用RS485总线，同时结合门禁读卡器研究了RS485的网络拓扑结构，通过RS485接口与PC机组成通信网络系统。读卡器平时可独立工作，PC机会每隔一定时间访问读卡器，用PC机上的时钟统一校准读卡器上的时钟，并读取存储器内的读卡数据，以便读卡器中的数据得到及时处理。
一气学院（4）设计单片机的包看门狗、液晶显示、数据存储和实时时钟等在内的外围模块电路，采用串口设计如SPI、I2C等，从而节约了单片机的I/O接口。同时结合门禁系统设计门禁控制电路，完成设备的选材。
（5）根据射频识别门禁系统总体设计要求，采用模块化软件设计方法，根据MF RC500的特性，系统地对MF RC500芯片的操作流程进行研究，设计主程序的流程图和各个模块子程序，使用C51语言开发了读写器的底层控制软件，并完成程序的调试，证明结果满足设计要求。
射频识别以其方便快捷成为业界瞩目的焦点，而中国正在成为射频识别标签生产最被看好
的生产基地。将射频识别应用到门禁系统，具有广泛的应用前景，本文基于这一思想美胸衣设计了小型门禁系统的底层模块，同时还有待于进一步研究扩展，比如利用Internet接入取代RS485联网方式，扩大系统的规模。
关键词：门禁系统；射频识别；MF RC500；读卡器；串口通信
钛雷Abstract
To meet the needs of the information age, ensuring security of the internal architecture and the users different kinds of needs , entrance guard system comes out Gathered with computer technology, electronic technology, mechanical technology, magnetic-electric technology and radio frequency identification technology, Access Control System makes card and locks get " integrity dialogue" function. That smart cards to control the open or close of the doors ,introduces a new management concept , which not only manager can provide a safe, faster, more automated management style, but also offer the users, a great convenience. In this paper, we research on the design of radio frequency identification Access Control System.
（1） This paper introduces the design of the Access Control network system based on radio frequency identification IC card, which analysises the design of hardware detailedly, gives out the electric circuit principle diagram of making contactless IC card Proximity Coupling Device（PCD）. The PCD is consisted of RF antenna, read/write module, RS485 communication interface and MCU, which can read/write the Mifare contactless Smart Card of Philips company, the distance of reading card is 10 cm roughly.The system will display the clock when there is no card entered into the scope of RF energy； when the card entered into that, the reading card data will be displayed.
印第安笛（2） Deeply studed the RFID antenna EMC filters, receive circuit and antenna matching circuits, etc., and considering the special design,we use the coil antenna ,optimize the coupling circuit by raise the quality factor Q and the frequency tuning.
（蛇油精3） Regard the Application for network equipment requirements ,Access Control Terminal using RS485 communications, while combining Access Control RS485 reader on the network topology, through the RS485 interface and PC component communication
network system. Reader peacetime can work independently, PC every opportunity to visit some time reader, with PC clock reunification on the clock calibration reader, and the memory card reader to read data to the reader to obtain timely data processing.
（4） The Design including watchdogs, LCD, data storage and real-time clock module, and other peripheral circuits, using serial design such as SPI, I2C, thus saving the MCU's I / O interface. Access Control System Design at the same time combining the access control circuit, completed the equipment selection.
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