人教版高一英语必修3UNIT4知识点总结
UNIT 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Words
solar system planet circle astronomy origin religion
widely theory universe atoms billion dust solid
globe violent explode carbon vapor nitrogen produce atmosphere appear surface unlike obvious
fundamental presence dissolve harmful acids chain
reaction extremely multiplied oxygen encourage development shellfish insect amphibians reptiles huge dinosaurs
exist rise mammal spread thus dioxide remove
puzzle presence chemistry planet gravity evidence satellite violent shocked gentle rude biology prove
discovery physicist supply decrease species extinct climate concern disappear spaceship force escape pull lessen float weight painful frightening amazed increase exhausting structure theory situation
crash
Phrases:
in all directions combine to settle into in time cool with as well as lay eggs remain a mystery give birth to in one’s from as a result of depend on no longer
die out block out crash into dozens of fall back to cheer up twice as far as fall over now that get the hang of step forward break out pay attention to watch out be make up of
be fundamental to begin with in all directions according to
watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防
Grammar:
1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid. (随后）它变成什么没人知道，知道38~45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。
be to do
huae
1)“将要做某事”指预先安排好的计划或约定
2)表示义务、命令、禁止或可能性等，意思接近于should,must,have to
3)表示将来必然要发生的事，意为“注定......”
(2010全国高考)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_________
A.is made
B.would make
C.was to be made
D.had made
2. The earth become so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。 句法分析：本句是So...句型，that引导的结果状语从句中又包含一个主语从句，其中it是形式主语，whether the shape would last or not 是真正的主语。violent:adj.暴力的；强暴的；猛烈的；激烈的 拓展：
a violent crime / behavior 暴力犯罪/行为
a violent storm 暴风骤雨
do 对....施暴；歪曲（事实）
take ....by violence 抢夺
with violence 强烈地，强有力地；用暴力
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3.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen,water vapor and other gases,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.最终产生二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸
气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
句法分析：which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapor and other gases.
in time
1) 终于；迟早；最后
2) 及时，来得及（用作此意是，in time后常跟for sth 或to do sth.)
拓展：
at no time 任何时间都不at a time 每次，一次
at one time曾经，一度at the sane time 同时，然而
at times有时，时常（=sometimes=for time to time)
in no time立刻ahead of time提前
all the time 一直，始终on time按时，准时
for the time being 暂时once upon a time从前
take one，time从容进行kill time消磨时间
(2013高考)The manager wants to see changes in the company,and I am sure he will ______________.
A.in particular
B.in turn
C.in change
D.in time
铜铝连接管造纸废水处理工艺(2012高考)---Thank God you’re safe! -----I stepped back,just ___________to avoid the racing car.
4. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。
be fundamental to 对...必不可少/至关重要fundamental adj.基本的，基础的
rvpn
be similar to 与...相似
be harmful to对...有害
be important to 对...来说是重要的
翻译：
有些专家认为，阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。(2015高考) 5. What many scientist believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信；地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 be 对...有害（=do harm to）
harmless adj.无害的be harmless to 对...无害
harmful adj.有害的be harmful to 对...有害
harm n.伤害，损害do harm to sb=do sb harm 对某人有害
学法点播：有些单词其词性的变化形式和harm类似，如：care→careful（小心的）→careless（粗心的）→carelessness（n粗心）
hope→hopeful（有希望的）→hopeless（没有希望的）→hopelessness(n绝望）help→he
lpful（有帮助的）→helpless（无助的）→helplessness（n无可奈何）(2010高考)Many lifestyle patterns do such__________great harm to earth that they actually speed up__________weakening of the human body.
怎么自制纳米胶带
A.a;/
B./;the
C.a;the
D./;/
6. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen ,which encourage the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.它们繁殖起来使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。
multiply v.繁殖；成倍增加；迅速增加；乘；乘以
：
add v.加；增加；添加plus prep.加上
subtract v.减；减去；扣除minus prep.减去
2+2=4 Two plus/added to two is four.
4-2=2 Four minus two is two.
Two subtracted from four is two.
2×2=4 Two times/multiplied by two is four.
4÷2=2 Four divided by two is two.
7. Later when the plants grew into forests,reptiles appeared for the first time.
后来，当这些植物长成森林时，爬行动物第一次出现了。
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1) 句法分析：when引导时间状语从句；介词短语for the first time 作状语。Grow into sth不能用于被动语态。
2) for the first time 第一次
拓展：This is/was the first ...time +that 从句，表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，从句常用完成时态。即：主语连系动词为is时，从句用现在完成时，为was时，从句用过去完成时。
3) grow into sth 变成，变得习惯于（不能用于被动语态）
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