中文摘要家用管道疏通机
随着我国医疗技术和设施的飞速发展和国民生活质量的提高，民众的就医率日益增高，个人的医疗支出在家庭总支出中所占的比例也越来越大，看病就医也早已成为人们日常生活中的一件微不足道的事情。在医患双方联系日益紧密的形势下，医患纠纷频频发生于医疗实践领域中，而在因各种原因引起的医疗纠纷中，围绕着医方侵犯患方知情同意权这一现状的争议无疑是最大的。诚然，在医疗实践中，作为强势方的医方侵犯作为弱势方的患方所理应享有的知情同意权的现象十分常见，因此，无论是学界的专家学者还是作为被侵害方的患者及其亲属，都对知情同意权这一合法权利的保护有着很高的呼声。 然而，从近几年来看，对保护患者知情同意权的强调似乎有些矫枉过正之嫌，2007年曾一度引发轩然大波的“孕妇李丽云事件”无疑就是一个最典型的案例。当前，我国相关法律单方面地强调对患者知情同意权的保护，规定一般情形下医方必须在获得后才能进行相应的医疗行为，只有在特殊情况下才得例外，但由于未对所谓的“特殊情形”做出相应的详细规定，缺乏可操作性，医方也不敢随便越矩，只得将术前签字制度作为一项硬性规定，不能取得患者及家属的同意便不能进行手术，所以才酿成了因孕妇丈夫不同意医院进行急救剖宫手术而导致孕妇及其胎儿双双殒命的惨剧。痛定思痛，我们不禁开始反思：保护
患者知情同意权本是一件无可厚非的事情，然而当患者或其家属滥用这一权利时，为保障患者生命健康权，医方理应在合理限度内享有紧急医疗措施权，这样才符合立法者对患者权利保护的初衷。然而，在医疗实践中，医方的紧急医疗措施权是一种补充性的权利，如果能够到得到规范的行使，这无疑是对患者知情同意权制度中存在的欠缺的有益补充。但如果不对这一权利的行使予以严格的限制和规定，医方则极有可能利用其强势地位来滥用这一权利侵犯患者依法应当享有的知情同意权。本文主要围绕医方的紧急医疗医疗措施权这一核心问题展开论述，通过对紧急医疗措施权相关理论的梳理、对紧急医疗措施权与患者知情同意权两者间冲突的分析，在结合我国相关方面立法现状的基础上，借鉴国外的立法经验，对我国紧急医疗措施权行使规则的制定提出几点建议，以期紧急医疗措施权这一非常态下的权利能够成为患者知情同意权的有益补充。本文内容分主要为四部分： 第一部分是对紧急医疗措施权相关理论的概述，具体包括紧急医疗措施权的含义、特征及与相关概念的辨析。
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第二部分是对紧急医疗措施权与患者知情同意权两者间冲突的分析。首先，简单介绍了患者知情同意权制度的历史演变、含义、具体内容等基础理论；其后，分析了紧急医疗措施权权利来源与患者知情同意权的冲突；最后，分析了紧急医疗措施权与患者知情同意权产生冲突的原因。
第三部分是对紧急医疗权正当性的论述。分别从生命健康权的至高无上、医患关系的父权主义、紧急避险理论的适用这三个方面对紧急医疗措施权的正当性进行了论述。
第四部分是对紧急医疗措施权行使规则的论述。首先，介绍了国外相关立法及医疗实践的处理方式；其后，分别从紧急医疗措施权的行使原则、行使条件和实现建议三个方面进行较为详尽的论述。
关键词：紧急医疗措施权；知情同意权；紧急避险；父权主义
Abstract
Along with the rapid development of our country medical technology and the national life quality, civil’s medical rate also increased, personal medical expenditure in the family in the total expenditure
proportion is also growing, and medical treatment also already became a little things not worth mentioning in the people daily life. In the situation to which both the doctors and patients become increasingly close, medical disputes occurred frequently in the field of medical practice in our country, as it is quite common for everyone. However, in the various causes of medical disputes, infringement of the right of informed consent of patients’ undoubtedly is the biggest one. Indeed, in medical practice, the phenomenon that the doctor infringes the patients’ right of informed consent is very common, therefore, both experts and scholars in academia or patients and their relatives, strongly urge the protection of the legitimate rights of informed consent right.
However, in recent years, the emphasis of the rights of informed consent has been seemed overcorrect. In 2007, “Pregnant Li Liyun Event” which initiated a great disturbance is undoubtedly the most typical case. The relevant laws of our country only unilaterally emphasizes on patients’ right of informed consent, in general cases of medical practice, doctors must gained the patient or their family’s consent before they engage the corresponding medical behavior, and only in exceptional circumstances can be an exception. But due to lack of detailed provisions of the so-called special circumstances, it is not operable in medical practice, so doctors do not dare to take surgery before obtain the agreement of the patients an their relatives, so it leads to the tragedy that both pregnant a
nd their fetus lose their life. As a warning for the future, we should begin to reflect on: the protection of patients’ right of informed consent is a rational thing, but when patients or their families abuse this right, for the protection of patients right of life and health, doctors should be within reasonable limits to enjoy the corresponding emergency medical measures, so that it meets the original intention of lawmakers who formulate the protection of patients’ right of consent. However, from the view of medical practice, medical emergency medical measures right is a kind of supplementary rights, if can be able to get standardized exercised, it is undoubtedly
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useful to supplement the patients’ right of informed consent system. But if lacks of strictly restrictions and regulations, the right of medical emergency measures may be violates the patients’ right of the informed consent. This paper focus on the emergency medical measures right as core issue, by com
bing the theory of the emergency medical measures right and analyze conflict between the emergency medical measures right and the right of informed consent, on the basis of combination of the relevant legislative status in our country, referring to the foreign advanced experience, in order to make the emergency medical measures right as uncommon right become a useful supplement to the right of informed consent .The main content of this paper is divided into four parts:
The first part is the theory of the emergency medical measures right, including its meaning, characteristics and related concepts.
The second part is analysis of conflict between the emergency medical measures right and the right of informed consent. Firstly, briefly introduces the basic theory of the right of informed consent system such as its historical evolution, meaning, specific content; thereafter, analyzes the conflict between the source of the emergency medical measures right and the right of informed consent; finally, analyses the causes of conflict between emergency medical measures right and the right of informed consent.
The third part is discusses the legitimacy of the emergency medical measures right. Separately from the supremacy of the life and health, the patriarchy in the doctor-patient relationship and emergency theory.
The fourth part discusses the rules of enforcement of the emergency medical measures right. Firstly, introduces the overseas related legislations and medical practice approaches; thereafter, separately from the principles, conditions and suggestions of exercitation of the emergency medical measures right.
Key words: The right of medical emergency measures; The right of informed consent; Emergency; Patriarchy
目录
中文摘要.............................................................................................................................III 引言.. (1)
一、紧急医疗措施权的界定 (1)
（一）紧急医疗措施权的含义 (1)
组件回收
（二）紧急医疗措施权的特征 (2)
1．紧急性 (2)
2．专业性 (3)
3．风险性 (3)
4．职责性 (3)
5．相对制约性 (4)
（三）紧急医疗措施权与相关概念的辨析 (5)
1．紧急医疗措施权与刑法领域的强制医疗权 (5)
2．紧急医疗措施权与行政法领域的强制医疗权 (6)帷幕灌浆
搁物架二、紧急医疗措施权与患者知情同意权的冲突 (7)
（一）患者知情同意权的理论基础 (7)
1．患者知情同意权制度的历史演变 (7)
2．患者知情同意权的含义 (9)
3．患者知情同意权的具体内容 (10)
（二）紧急医疗措施权与患者知情同意权冲突的具体表现 (12)
1．患者的生命健康权与患者知情同意权的冲突 (12)
2．患者的紧急救治权与患者知情同意权的冲突 (13)
3．医师的紧急专断权与患者知情同意权的冲突 (14)
（三）紧急医疗措施权与患者知情同意权产生冲突的原因 (15)
1．医患关系紧张 (15)
2．对紧急医疗措施权适用的规定过于模糊 (17)保温鸡舍
三、确立紧急医疗措施权的正当性 (19)
（一）生命权的至高无上 (19)
（二）法律父权主义的合理适用 (20)
（三）紧急避险制度的适用 (22)
四、紧急医疗措施权的行使规则 (24)
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