Unit 1
A：Para 1 Computer hardware can be divided into four categories：（1）input hardware,（2）storage hardware,（3）processing hardware, and (4)output hardware.
计算机硬件可分为四类：（1）输入硬件，（2）存储硬件，（3）加工处理硬件，（4）输出硬件。
Para 5 The central processing unit(CPU) is the brain of the computer .It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing activities that must take place.The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer,as well as the amount of main memoru it can use effectively.with a well-designed CPUin your computer ,you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time .
中央处理器（CPU）是计算机的大脑，它读取、解释软件指令并协调必须执行的加工处理任务。CPU的设计会影响计算机的处理能力及处理速度，也会影响主存储器的使用效率。假如 你的计算机的CPU设计得很好，你就可以在很短的时间内高效完成复杂的任务。
B：People“capture”data in a variety of ways一for example，by reading，listening，or seeing．Then they may record the data on a document．For instance，Roger Shu records his name on an employee timecard by first entering the letter R．This letter，and each of the remaining letters in his name，is an element of data，as are the numbers 12／22 and 5，used to indicate the date and the number of overtime hours worked．By themselves，these data elements are useless；we must process them to make them mean something．The report produced when Roger’S data is Fun through a computer—based employee records system gives US information--for example，the amount of money due Roger for his overtime work.
人们“捕捉”信息的办法各种各样，例如通过读、听或看。然后人们可以把数据记录在文件上。例如罗格 . 苏把自己的名字录到雇员卡上，首先录入字母R。这个字母，还又余下的他的名字中的每一个字母就像数字12/22和5一样是数据的一个成分，用来表示日期和加班的时间。这些数据本身是没有什么意义的，我们必须对它们进行加工处理使它们表示一定的 意义。当有关罗格的数据经过计算机雇员记录系统的处理，产生的报告就提供了我们信息——例如罗格的加班工资总数。
Unit 2
B：In a microcomputer，main memory，or RAM，chips are often found in banks of eight or nine on the motherboard．A character’s 8 bits are stored in a row of chips；the ninth chip holds the parity bit，which is a 1 or 0，based on whether the parity scheme is odd or even．The parity scheme is used to check for errors produced by interference with the electrical current．
在微型计算机中，主存或RAM芯片通常放在母板上的九个存贮槽中。一个字符的八个位都存贮在一排芯片上；第九个芯片上存有校验位，（是1或0），这取决于奇校验还是偶校验。校验位用于检查由于电流干扰而产生的错误。
Unit 3
A：Para 2 The CPU has two main parts：(1)the control unit and(2)the arithmetic／logic
unit．The pans of the CPU are usually connected by an electronic component referred to as a bus，which acts as an electronic highway between them．To temporarily store data and instructions，the CPU has special-purpose storage devices called registers．
CPU有两个主要部件：（1）控制单元，（2）算术逻辑部件。CPU的部件通常由称为总线的电子器件连接，总线在两者之间充当着电子交通干线的角。为了临时存储数据和指令，CPU有一个专门用于存储的设备，叫做寄存器。
Para 4 Just as a car is useless without gas，a computer is not much good without software instructions．When we use software，we are working with high—level(human language-like)instructions that are to be carried out by the control unit．These instructions are convened by a language processor into a low—level form of instructions the computer can work with--machine language，the only language that the CPU can understand．In machine language，data and instructions are represented in binary form(0s and l s)，and each type of computer--microcomputer，minicomputer，or mainframe--responds to a unique version of machine language．Once the instructions ha
ve been converted into this form，they can be retrieved from main memory and interpreted by the control unit(sometimes referred to as decoding)．According to each specific instruction，the control unit issues the necessary signals to other computer system components as needed to satisfy the processing requirements．This could involve，for example，directing that data be retrieved from a disk storage device，“telling”the printer to print the letter you just wrote，or simply direct-ing the arithmetic／logic unit to add two numbers．
正如汽车没有油就不能发挥任何作用一样，计算机如果没有软件指令也是一事无成。当我们使用软件时，用的是控制单元即将执行的高级（就像人类语言一样）指令。语言处理器将这些指令转换成计算机可以接受的低级指令形式，即CPU唯一能够理解的机器语言。在机器语言中，数据和指令都以二进制形式（0和1）表示，每一种类型的计算机—微机、小型计算机或主计算机—都有与其相配的机器语言。一旦指令被转换成机器语言形式，控制单元就能从主存中将它们检索出来并且负责解释（有时候也称为“译码”）。根据每项具体指令，控制单元向其他计算机系统部件发出其所需的信号来满足处理需求。这可能涉及诸如命令从磁盘存储设备中检索数据、“通知”打印机打印你刚刚写好的信件或者仅命令算术
逻辑部件把两个数字相加。
B：The storage devices are usually one or more floppy disk drives and high—capacity hard disk drives． A floppy disk，or diskette，is a thin plastic disk enclosed in a paper or plastic covering that can be magnetically encoded with data．Hard disks are rigid disks capable of storing much more data than a floppy disk．(And hard disk drives access data faster than do floppy disk drives．)Hard disks are more expensive than floppy disks．Since most hard disks are permanently installed in the system unit，floppy disks，which can be carried around，arc often used to move data from one computer to another．
储存设备通常有一个或多个软盘驱动器以及一个高容量的硬盘驱动器组成。软盘是一个塑料薄盘，外面是一个纸套或一个塑料套壳；软盘可以通过磁性进行数据编码。硬盘结实而且要比软盘能够容纳多得多的数据。（硬盘读取数据要比软盘快得多）。硬盘要比软盘轨得多。既然大部分硬盘都永久性地安装在系统内，软盘可以随身携带，就经常被用来在计算机之间转移信息。 Unit 4
A：The banks of RAM chips(a group of chips，usually nine，arranged in a row)are sometimes on a memory expansion card，which fits inside the system cabinet and sometimes are on the main circuit board(mother board)．Many people erroneously assume that a memory chip with a capacity of 64K can hold a substantial number of characters of data；however，in main memory it takes eight chips to store one character．Each chip can be thought of as representing a column of 64K electronic light switches that can be read one row at a time．The code for a character，such as the letter C，is stored in the same row across the entire bank of memory chips．The first 8 bits build the characters；the ninth chip，the parity chip，holds the parity bit，or check bit，that is used for error detection.
豫公网安备41160202000603
站长QQ:729038198
关于我们
投诉建议