进。2015年12月2日，国务院法制办公室公布了
《专利法修订草案（送审稿）》并向社会各界
公开征求意见。其中，增加专利侵权惩罚性赔外观设计单独立法论 张 鹏
内容提要：将外观设计与发明、实用新型合并于一部法律，滥觞于作为现代专利法雏形的《暂行工艺品奖励章程》，形成于1944年《中华民国专利法》。1984年立法者选择将外观设计制度纳入专利法源自立法便利选择。从国际角度而言，存在以日欧为代表的单独立法模式、以英法为代表的专利版权双重保护模式和以美国为代表的纳入专利制度保护模式。美国模式具有历史偶然性，并且在船舶外观设计、时尚外观设计等方面存在单独立法的积极探索，单独立法代表了主流趋势。基于产品的功能性和设计的非功能性，外观设计制度与专利制度不会内生出共性的法律规则。我国外观设计法律实践在授权确权、侵权判定中出现的诸多问题，根源在于非内生共性规则的简单参照。可以考虑在此次修订专利法时将共性条款规定于总则后，将外观设计相关规定独立成编，未来尽快研究形成独立的外观设计法，立足外观设计根本属性建构客体主体、授权确权、侵权救济等规则，实现外观设计单独立法、内在协调、立体保护、创新发展。 关 键 词：外观设计 专利法 外观设计法 历史惯性 内在整体性 专利法修改
Abstract: The Provisional Handicraft Award Statute was the early form of modern Patent Law, which put patent, utility model and design into one law. The 1944 Patent Law of Republic of China inherited the above legislation model. For convenience, the 1984 Patent Law of PRC also incorporated design into Patent Law. As far as international experiences concerned, there are independent legislation model as represented by Japan and some European countries; patent-copyright double protection model as represented by England and France; and the incorporation of design into Patent Law model as represented by the US. The US model is of historical contingency. It has always been actively exploring the possibility of independent legislation for ship design and fashion design. Generally speaking, independent legislation is the major trend. Given the functionality of product and the non-functionality of design, it is impossible to generate inherent common legal rule between design regime and patent regime. The problems concerning empowerment, right confirmation, and infringement judgment in relation to Chinese design legal practices are mainly due to the simple reference to non-inherent common rules. The paper suggests, for the recent Patent Law revision, to place the clauses with common nature behind the general provisions, and make the legislation on design an independent chapter. It is strongly recommended to enact independent Design Law in the f
uture. To establish rules on subject, object, empowerment, right confirmation, infringement and relief based on the fundamental attribution of design, so as to realize independent legislation, inherent harmonization, all-round protection, and innovative development of design.
Key Word: design; patent law; design law; historical inertia; immanent mutualism; amendment of Patent Law
偿制度、改进职务发明制度、丰富当然许可和默示许可等专利实施运用的规定等，获得了社会各界的关注。但是，其仍然将外观设计制度作为三种专利制度之一加以规定，有学者将这
作者简介：张鹏，中南财经政法大学知识产权学院博士、研究员，北京市中伦律师事务所合伙人 基金项目：本文系司法部２０１７年度国家法治与法学理论研究课题“以司法保护为主导的知识产权保护体系研究”（项目编号１７ＳＦＢ５０１４）和国家知识产权局２０１８年度软科学研究项目“知识产权政策法律化路径考察”的阶段性成果。
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