湖湾二期边坡坡体深层水平位移监测技术要求
概述：
深层水平位移主要用于监测大地运动，如可能在不稳固的边坡（滑坡）或挖土工程周围产生的测向运动等。此外，它还可以用于监测软土地基处理、堤坝、芯墙稳定性、钻孔设置的偏差、打桩引起的土体位移，以及回填筑堤和地下工程的土体沉陷，也可用于沿海、江边重力存放物场的土层变化等。
柳条剥皮机仪器设备：
测斜仪是一种由探头、电缆和数据采集仪（读数仪）组成的仪器。探头的传感器型式有伺服加速度计式、电阻应变片式、钢弦式、差动电阻式等多种型式，目前使用最多的是伺服加速度式。国内有航天部33所生产的CX系列，国外有___的数字测斜仪，瑞士的PRIVEC等。 防误闭锁
内壁有导槽的测斜管是由测斜管、连接管、管座和管盖等几部分组成。测斜管是用聚氯乙烯、ABS塑料、铝合金等材料制成，管内有互成90度四个导向槽。国产塑料测斜管尺寸多为：内径Φ58mm，径Φ70mm，长度分2m，3m，4m三种。连接管的尺寸为内径Φ70mm，外径Φ82mm，长度分300，400mm两种。在管壁的两端铣制有滑动槽各4条或仅一端铣制滑动槽4条，各槽相隔90度。管座位于测斜管底端，与管外径匹配，防止泥砂从管底端进入管内的一个安全护盖。管盖用于保护测斜管管口，防止杂物从管口掉入管内影响正常观测工作。
监测仪器工作原理：
测斜仪的工作原理是测量测斜管轴线与铅垂线之间的夹角变化量，从而计算出土层各点的水平位移大小。通常在坝内埋设一垂直并互成90°四个导槽的管子，当管子受力发生变形时，将测斜仪探头放入测斜管导槽内，逐段（一般50cm一个测点）量测变形后管子的轴线与垂直线之间的夹角θi，并按测点的分段长度，分别求出不同高程处的水平位移增量Δdi，即Δdi = Lsinθi（1）。由测斜管底部测点开始逐段累加，可得任一高程处的实际位移，即bi = ΣΔdi（2）。而管口累积水平位移为B = ΣΔdi（3）。式中Δdi为量测段内的水平位移增量；
L为量测点的分段长度，一般常取0.15m；θi为量测段内管轴线与铅垂线的夹角；bi为自固定点的管底端以上i点处水平位移；B为管口累积水平位移。
After the inclinometer casing is pre-buried。the ___。the ___。The probe of the inclinometer is pulled up along the bottom of the guide groove of the inclinometer casing。with readings taken every 1m (or 50cm) until all readings X0 ___。Then the probe is rotated 180°。and X180 is obtained using the same method。X0-X180 is the reading ___ at each n with the initial value。the relative displacement change of each n。i.e。the difference。___ differences。and finally。the displacement along the depth can be ___ using the inclinometer。the n of the pipeline along the depth during the monitoring d ___ data of each d.
___ along the depth during the monitoring d ___ Engineering Co。Ltd。The monitoring n can be divided into reading twice in the positive and negative ns every 1m。reading once in the positive and negative ns every 1m。or reading twice in the positive and negative ns every 0.5m。reading once in the positive and negative ns every 0.5m.
浮油The difference ___ (X0-X180)/2-initial value 5-1.Based on the difference。___ the standard basic length range can be calculated。and the ___ the full length range of the measuring hole ___。i.e。Δs = ∑Δsi。i=1 to n。where Δsi is the ___ at the ith testing point。and n is the number of testing points ___.
The ___ a displacement-depth-time curve。which is a process line of displacement change with time and depth。Each ___ depth (i.e。testing point) can have its own process line。Generally。a cumulative (or relative) displacement-time curve on the surface or the maximum displacement depth surface is plotted。For example。the curve of ___.
6.1 Monitoring frequency: Once a day during vacuum loading。the ___ according to the on-site loading n n and the change of monitoring data of deep horizontal displacement.
测斜管6.2 Monitoring indicators and standards: The lateral displacement should be less than 5mm/d。and the change trend of n rate should be taken into account。When exceeding the above control standards。measures (___。controlling loading rate。ping loading。un
loading。etc.) ___.双面发光字
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