主要内容
7.1 四种流程策略[Four Process Strategies]
产品专业化Product Focus
隧道隔音降噪施工
大规模定制Mass Customization Focus
流程选择对比Comparison of Process Choices
7.2 流程分析和设计[Process Analysis and Design]
流程图Flow Diagrams
时间功能图Time-Function Mapping
价值流图Value-Stream Mapping
工艺路线图Process Charts
服务蓝图Service Blueprinting
7.3 服务流程设计[Service Process Design]
客户互动与流程设计Customer Interaction and Process Design
改进服务流程的更多机会More Opportunities to Improve Service Processes[布局和人力资源]
7.4 选择设备和技术[Selection of Equipment and Technology]-弹性
7.5 生产技术[Production Technology]
机床技术Machine Technology
自动识别技术Automatic Identification Systems (AISs) and RFID
过程控制Process Control
可视化系统Vision Systems
机器人Robots
自动存取系统Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRSs)
羟基自由基自动导引车Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs)
柔性制造系统Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs)
计算机集成制造Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
7.6 服务业的技术[Technology in Services][金融+教育+政府+通信+商业+运输+医疗+航空]
7.7 流程再设计[Process Redesign]
7.8 道德和环境友善流程[Ethics and Environmentally Friendly Processes]
[案例] 戴尔电脑公司Dell Computer Company
大规模定制为戴尔电脑带来竞争优势
“How can we make the process of buying a computer better?”
直接销售电脑给消费者Sell custom-build PCs directly to consumer
全面集成业务网络Integrate the Web into every aspect of its business
洗瓶保持六天库存Operate with six days inventory
按订单快速低成本制造计算机,Build computers rapidly, at low cost, and only when ordered
专注研究电脑软件，快速安装和简单配置和Focus research on software designed to make installation and configuration of its PCs fast and simple
流程策略[process strategy]组织将资源转化成商品和服务的方法。
7.1 四种流程策略
工艺专业化[Process-Focused Strategy] –单件+小批生产
重复性生产[Repetitive Focused Strategy] –成批+大量生产
产品专业化[product focused]-大量生产
大规模定制[mass customization] –个性化生产
选择流程必须适合产量和品种[固定和变动成本分摊，设法让总成本最少]
7.1.1 工艺专业化[Process-Focused Strategy]
工艺专业化：小批量，多品种流程，也称作业车间；Low volume, high variety products，Job shop；
一些设备的利用率很低[5%]，但成本很高
暗访摄像包具有弹性
被75%的企业采用
Facilities are organized by process
Similar processes are together
Example: All drill presses are together
‘Jumbled’ flow
Other names
间歇流程Intermittent process
Job shop
标准注册公司商用表格作业车间的工艺专业化
[案例]饭店+医院+工厂
7.1.2 重复性生产[Repetitive Focused Strategy]
重复性生产：介于工艺专业化和产品专业化之间，采用模块，是一流程的生产线；Facilities often organized by assembly lines，Characterized by modules
-Parts & assemblies made previously；
Modules combined for many output options
数据库探针成批生产
Other names
装配线Assembly line
生产线Production line
真空脱蜡炉
哈雷戴维森摩托车重复性制造
[弯曲架管+工作单元+机加工+高温上漆+引擎和传动系统+测试28+成品装箱 ]
[案例] 汽车+家电
7.1.3 产品专业化[product focused]
产品专业化：大批量、少品种的流程，设备都是根据产品进行组织的，也称连续型流程。High volume, low variety products，Facilities are organized by product，Continuous process manufacturing；[啤酒+纸+化工]
Other names
线性流程生产 Line flow production
连续生产Continuous production
纽柯钢铁的产品专业化生产
[废铁+电熔炉+取钢水包+不间断铸钢机+连续的铸钢被切割成24吨的钢版+灼热隧道+用于经加工、冷却/卷钢的热轧机]
[案例] 玻璃+纸+电灯泡+啤酒等
7.1.4 大规模定制[mass customization]
大规模定制：满足顾客独特的商品和服务需求的一种快速、低成本生产方式；Using technology and imagination to rapidly mass-produce products that cater to sundry unique customer desires.
大规模定制基本类型可分为：
[----+OEM +ODM+OBM] [HTC+富士康+浙江服装+福建的鞋厂+]
按订单销售（Sale-to-Order）
按订单装配ATO（Assemble-to- Order）
按订单制造MTO（Make-to-Order）[按订单加工FTO+按订单采购PTO]
按订单设计ETO（Engineer-to-Order）[按订单研发DTO]四种类型（如下图）[CODP=Costomer order decouping point备货订货分离点]
备货型的生产------CODP------订货型生产
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