1、闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6,000多公里。得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东 文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、 印刷等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器（porcelain）也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的。欧洲也通过丝绸之路出
口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。
The world-renowned Silk Road i s a series of routes connecting the East and the West. It extended more than 6,000 kilometers. The Silk Road was
消声室制作named after ancient China’s silk trade which played an important role
in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe and the
Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder,
compass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain
spread all over the world. Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.
2、中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室
成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的
外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的
和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、
花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展现在面前。
After 3,000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape. This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for
scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and
consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, trees, and flowers scattered in it. Wandering in such
a well-designed garden, people may feel that they are walking in a landscape painting.
3、中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十
分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中
秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。 Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival
became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar
August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the
dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to
families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family
gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”, “good fortune” and “harmony” on the Traditional moon c akes.
4、北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少PM 2.5排放入手。这一
新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘，另外850亿元用于新建或升级
城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林。市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京 还将更严厉地处罚违反减排规定的行为。
Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan to curb environmental
pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emissions
of pm 2.5 emissions. The newly announced plan is intended to reduce the
four major sources of pollution, including emissions of 5 million motor
vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north
and construction dust in the locality. Another 85 billion yuan is used
for establishing or upgrading the facilities of municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment. Besides, 30 billion yuan invests to the afforestation program in the next three years. In order to improve the environment, the municipal government also plans to build a good number
of plants which can use recycled water and to stop illegal construction.
In addition, Beijing will punish those people who v iolate the regulations
of emission-reduction more severely.
5、中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，
土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡
村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但
lncrna引物设计是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不就前金价大跌时大量购
买黄金的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津（Oxford）英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。
Chinese hot words are often a reflection of social changes and culture, some o f which enjoy growing popularity among f oreign media. Tuhao and dama, for instance, are both old words, but they have been given new meanings. Tuhao used to mean r ural landlords who b ullied and oppressed their tenants and servants, but now it refers to people who spend money without limits
or those who show off their wealth around. In other words, tuhao are
wealthy but tasteless. Dama, a form of address for middle-aged women, is now used as a special word to describe Chinese women who purchased gold
in bulk when the gold price decreased not long ago. The words, tuhao and
dama, may be included in the new edition of Oxford English dictionary.
大田西瓜种植技术Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to the dictionary, becoming a part of English language.
6、最近中国科学院出版了关于其最新科学发展与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。 该报告包括三部分：科学发展报告，高技术发展报告，中国可持续战略报告。第
一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学
研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，
以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。
Recently Chinese Academy of Science published annual report on the
latest scientific development and the expectations for the coming year
in a series. The report is composed o f three parts: scientific development report、high-tech develop
ment report and Chinese sustainable strategy
report. The first report inc ludes Chinese scientists’ recent discoveries, such as the breakthrough in the research field of new particle and H7N9秸杆燃气炉
virus. It also emphasizes the issues we need to pay attention in the next years. The second report announces some hot areas in applied scientific
study, like 3D printing and artificial organ. The third report appeals
to strengthen the top-level design so as to eliminate structural obstacle in industrial upgrading and promote energy-saving and emission-reduction.双顶置凸轮轴
7、反映在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度
上归功于道家对自然的感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，
农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。
The ideal country life reflected in art and literature is an important feature of Chinese culture, which is, to a large degree, attributed to
the Taoist’s affection for nature. There are two favorite themes in
traditional Chinese paintings. One d epicts various happy scenes of family life, in which the seniors are drinking tea and playing chess, young men are sowing and reaping, women are weaving and sewing clothes, and children are playing outdoors. The other portrays all kinds of delights of country life, with fishermen fishing on the lake, farmers cutting firewood or
gathering herbs on the hills, or scholars chanting poems or painting
pictures while sitting under pine trees. These two themes can respectively represent the Confucian and Taoist ideal of life.
8、中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育外，还将寻新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达
地区将获得更多的支持。教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。
China will endeavor to ensure that employees will have received an
average of 13.3 years of education by 2015. If this goal can be achieved, the majority of people entering the labor market will be required to have obtained a college degree in the future. In the next few years, China will strive to increase vocational college enrollment. In addition to attaching importance to higher education, China will also seek new breakthroughs to guarantee a more equal educational system. China is
attempting to make the best use of educational resources so that rural
and underdeveloped areas will get more support.
9、从1978年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。平均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年（millennium）发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二
垃圾篓
个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效
率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现
在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。
Since the reform in 1978, China has shifted from a planned economy
to a market-based economy, and experienced rapid economic and social development. The 10 percent average annual growth of GDP has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty. The United Nations “Millennium Development Goals”have been achieved or are about to be achieved in China. At present, China’s Twelfth Five-Year Plan emphasizes the development
of service industry and solutions to environmental problems and social imbalances. The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance
energy efficiency, improve access to education and health care, and expand social security. China’s current 7 percent annual economic growth target demonstrates that the government attaches great importance to the quality of life rather than the speed of growth.
10、2011年是中国城市化（urbanization）进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口
首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计有 3.5亿农村人口将移居城市。如此
规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节
约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。
During the process of China’s urbanization, the year 2011 was a historic moment when China’s urban population surpassed the rural population for the first time. In the following two decades, it is estimated that 350 million rural people will migrate to cities. Such a
scale of urban development is a challenge as well as an opportunity for
the urban transportation. The Chinese government has been promoting the “people-oriented” concept, which stresses that people shall travel by
public transportation rather than private cars. It also calls for the
construction of “resources-conserving and environment friendly”society. With this clear goal, Chinese cities can better plan their
development and divert massive investment to the development of safe,
clean and economical transport systems.
11、汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一，汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃
至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学历史哲学巨著公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。期间科技方面
也取得很大进步。发明纸张水中日晷(sundials)，以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝经历了四百年，但统治者的腐败导致了它的灭亡。
The Han Dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chines
history. There were numerous remarkable achievements during the reign of the dynasty. It was the first dynasty to open its door to other cultures
and its foreign trade was thriving. The Silk Road opened by the Han D ynasty led to Central and Western Asia and even to Rome. Various kinds of art
were booming with the emergency of many g reat works on literature, history and philosophy. The first dictionary of China was compiled in 100 A.D.,
which recorded 9000 characters with their definitions and varied writing forms. Meanwhile, technology made great strides as well. Paper, water
clocks, sundials and instruments to detect earthquakes were invented. The Han Dynasty went through 400 years; however, the corruption of its rulers caused its destruction.
12、中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席
上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西
方特菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先上或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。
As a traditional Chinese way of entertaining guests, a meal should
be rich and diverse enough for the guests to enjoy fully. The typical
Chinese feast usually starts with a set of cold dishes followed by some
cooked ones, such as meat, chicken, duck and vegetables. Generally speaking, a whole fish is essential for most feasts unless varied seafood has been served. Today, Chines people prefer to combine the western
specials and the traditional Chines dishes together at a feast, for which it is not uncommon to have steak on the table. Salad tends to become a
fashion, though the Chinese generally don’t eat any uncooked food. In addition, a feast should at least include a soup, which could be served
either at the very beginning or in the end. The feasts often end up with
desserts and fruits.
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