摘要
摘要
为了适应日益增长的现代雷达、无线通信和电子对抗等不同领域对于超宽带、双极化、大角度扫描的阵列天线需求，宽带宽角扫描相控阵天线孕育而生。随着其性能指标要求越来越高，超宽带相控阵天线已经成为当今国内外军事民用领域各种无线电子系统的研究难点之一。本文针对工作在5个倍频程以上的超宽带双极化一维相控阵天线为主要设计目标，研制出了一款基于平衡对拓形式的Vivaldi 超宽带双极化一维相控阵，并详细研究其阵列的辐射与散射特性。全文的主要研究内容分为以下四个部分： 第一，本文针对天线单元模型从理论上分析了Vivaldi天线的比例变换原理，回顾了由表面上的电流分布所引起的天线辐射原理和超宽带相控阵的理论，为整个天线分析设计打下扎实的理论基础。 第二，针对超宽带天线单元由不平衡到平衡的馈电部分设计了一款宽频带低损耗结构简单的微带线-槽线的转换器，利用大角度的微带扇形枝节来实现宽频带的阻抗匹配。同时，利用设计的转换器设计了传统形式的天线单元和基于平衡对拓形式的天线单元，经过仿真对比发现改进型的天线单元在保持相同的辐射特性的同时提升了天线的交叉极化特性。
第三，设计出一种基于平衡对拓形式的天线单元并进行了双极化排列，再利用电磁仿真软件HFSS的周
期边界条件和辐射边界条件对天线阵列进行优化仿真，并设计出了10单元有限大阵列。仿真结果表明天线辐射性能指标良好。
第四，简略介绍了雷达散射截面和天线的散射理论分析。利用设计的超宽带相控阵列对其单站RCS和双站RCS进行了仿真分析，并与同样面积的金属地板进行了单站RCS对比，发现所设计出的超宽带阵列天线在RCS特性上显著优于同面积金属地板。
水溶性抗氧化剂最后，将设计出的超宽带阵列天线进行了加工、组装与辐射特性测试。实验测试结果与仿真计算结果整体上吻合良好，从而有效的验证了设计的超宽带双极化一维相控阵天线设计的合理性与正确性。 关键词：Vivaldi天线，双极化，超宽带，宽角扫描，相控阵，RCS
I
ABSTRACT
移动商铺In order to accommodate the growing needs of modern radar, wireless communication and electronic countermeasures for various ultra-wideband, doul-polarization, wide-angle scaning array antenna requirements, broadband and wide-angle scanning phased arrays are emerging. With the growing higher and higher requirements on their performance index, ultra-wideband phased arrays a
re becoming one of the research difficulties in various wireless electronic systems in both domestic and overseas military and civil areas. Aimed at operating within 5 octave bandwidth of the ultra-wideband dual polarized phased arrays, this thesis studied a one-dimensional ultra-wideband dual polarized phased array based on an antipodal Vivaldi structure. The electromagnetic radiation and scattering characteristics of this ultra-wideband dual polarized phased array are also studied in detail. The main contents of this thesis are divide into four parts:
Firstly, based on the theoretical analysis of the antenna model principle of proportional transformation principle of Vivaldi antenna, the antenna radiation principle dominated by the surface current distribution and ultra-wideband phased array theory are reviewed, thus laying a solid theoretical foundation of the succeeding antenna design.
Secondly, in terms of imbalance to balance transformation feed of ultra-wideband antennas, a wideband, low loss and simple transformer of microstrip -to-slot-line is designed, A microstrip fan-stub with large angle to achieve broadband impedance matching is used. Moreover, the traditional forms of antenna element and antenna element based on the balance antipodal structure are also designed based on the designd balun. Comparison of simulation results show that modified antenna element maintained the same radiation characteristics as well as improved the cross polarization.
Thirdly, dual polarization was futher realized based on the balance antipodal Vivaldi element. By using the periodic boundary conditions and radiation boundary conditions of electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, optimized simulation of the antenna array was performed, and a 10-element finite linear array was designed. Simulation results show that the designed array has fairly good antenna characteristics.
Fourthly, the radar cross section (RCS) and antenna scattering theory were briefly
II
reviewed. Monostatic RCS and bistatic RCS of the designed ultra-wideband phased array were simulated and analyzed, and numerical results were compared with those of a metal plate with the same area. It is found that the designed ultra-wideband phased array antenna has much better RCS characteristics than that of metal plate.
Finally, the designed ultra-wideband array antenna was fabricated, assembled and measured for its radiation characteristics. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulation calculation results on the whole, thus effectively verifying the validity of the designde ultra-broadband dual polarized phased array.
Keywords:Vivaldi antenna, dual polarization, ultra wideband, wide-angle scanning, phased array, RCS
III
目录
第一章绪论 (1)
1.1 研究工作的背景与意义 (1)
1.2国内外研究历史与现状 (2)
1.3 本文研究的目标 (7)
1.4 本论文的结构安排 (7)
第二章VIVALDI天线的工作原理及相控阵的基本理论 (9)
2.1 Vivaldi天线工作的基本原理 (9)
2.1.1 Vivaldi天线的比例变换原理 (9)
2.1.2 Vivaldi天线表面电流分布原理 (10)
2.1.3 Vivaldi天线的辐射原理 (10)
2.2超宽带相控阵的理论 (11)
跳线帽
2.2.1 宽带天线理论 (11)
2.2.2相控阵天线理论 (12)
2.2.3 一维线阵相扫的工作原理 (13)
2.3本章小结 (16)
第三章超宽带天线单元的研究与设计 (17)
3.1 传统形式的超宽带天线单元的研究 (17)
3.1.1 超宽带槽线转换器的设计与研究 (17)
牺牲阳极块3.2 Vivaldi天线的单元的设计 (21)
3.2.1 传统的Vivaldi天线单元的设计 (21)
3.2.2 平衡对拓形式的Vivaldi天线单元的设计 (24)
3.3 基于平衡对拓形式的双极化天线单元设计 (27)
3.4 本章小结 (35)
第四章超宽带VIVALDI天线阵列的设计与仿真 (37)
4.1天线阵列仿真的原理 (37)
4.1.1相控阵单元的互耦效应和有源方向图 (37)
4.1.2天线的截断误差分析 (38)
4.2阵列仿真的结果 (39)
4.3本章小结 (47)
IV
金属石墨垫片第五章基于超宽带VIVALDI天线散射特性的研究 (48)
5.1基于Vivaldi超宽带天线阵的基础射理论 (48)
5.1.1雷达散射截面（RCS） (48)
5.1.2天线的散射理论分析 (50)
5.2 对于Vivaldi天线阵列的RCS仿真 (53)
5.2.1双站RCS的分析 (53)
5.2.2单站RCS的分析 (55)
5.3本章小结 (56)
第六章天线阵列的加工与测试 (57)
6.1天线的阵列加工 (57)
6.2 测试平台与测试原理 (57)
6.2.1 测试平台的介绍 (57)风力发电机叶片设计
6.2.2测试原理及过程 (58)
6.3 天线的测试结果 (60)
6.3.1 天线的驻波测试结果 (60)
6.3.2 天线的方向图测试结果 (62)
6.4本章小结 (66)
结束语 (67)
致谢 (68)
参考文献 (69)
攻读硕士学位期间取得的成果 (73)
V
豫公网安备41160202000603
站长QQ:729038198
关于我们
投诉建议