中国整形美容外科的历史和发展（History and development of plastic surgery in China）
History and development of plastic surgery in China
In recent 20 years, Chinese cosmetic surgery has achieved unprecedented rapid development, with ten times or tens of times increase. It is easy to be mistaken for the history of cosmetic surgery in China for more than 20 years. The recent development of cosmetic surgery in China has been due to the historical contribution of cosmetic surgeons in China since 1978 the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee. The birth and development of cosmetic surgery in China has been over 1000 years; the origin of modern Chinese plastic surgery is in the same historical period as that of the world's plastic surgery, which originated in the early part of the last century.
First, the meaning of the terms of plastic and cosmetic
1. beauty (cosmetic): modification and improvement of human appearance, make it beautiful or have the shape of people's needs.
2. cosmetic surgery (cosmetology): a treatment for beauty of appearance and shape.
3. plastic surgery (The art of plastic art surgery): related content, in Chinese history can be traced back to bc. And the naming of The art of plastic surgery comes from the west, which is related to the reduction of facial deformity in ancient people.
4. plastic surgery (Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery): surgical methods on human tissues and organs of the deformity, deformity, repair and reconstruction, as well as on normal human body beautification and re shaping, achieve functional recovery and reconstruction, improve and beautify the form. In short: plastic surgery is to make the injured not disabled, not disabled, healthy people are more handsome, beautiful."
人防
系统Plastic surgery is one of the specialist surgery, is the use of medical and artistic means, improve the morphology and function of the human body, the people look forward to the sculpture form, is the "aesthetic surgery", "the art of surgery". Therefore, in the world famous "American Journal of plastic surgery", from the last century began publication, printed watermark figure beautiful goddess wheelus on the cover, to identify the pursuit of art magazine.
Plastic Surgery covers reconstructive surgery, or surgery, two parts and plastic surgery, plastic surgery hospital in Beijing, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Shanghai plasti
c surgery hospital, No.3 Hospital of Peking University, Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an), and Second Military Medical University in Shanghai Long March, Changhai Hospital, more than half a century, the medical teaching. The research and practice, are covered in orthopaedic and plastic surgery two. Since
twenty-first Century, these two parts have been collectively referred to as "plastic surgery" by American counterparts".
5. Medical Cosmetology (Aesthetic medicine): is the
application of medical and related means to achieve the purpose of beauty, is a combination of the development of related cosmetic ingredients in medicine, belongs to the subject of social application system. It should be born in human medicine beginning may have used medical means to achieve the purpose of beauty, broadly speaking, is not only the inclusion also includes the application of medicine, biology, physics, chemistry, medical ethics, sociology and other means, make the person's appearance, structure shape, posture, and psychological the people look forward to achieve results.
Two. Cosmetic surgery in China has a history of thousands of years
信息包1. seeking beauty is man's instinct attribute
For the beauty of everyone's heart, since the emergence of mankind, that is the pursuit of beauty, in Zhengzhou before the Henan Province Museum exhibition 6000~8000 years of China's cultural relics unearthed in the Central Plains, women with exquisite bone development.
2. ancient Chinese plastic surgery literature records
In China ancient literature, Qin and Han Dynasties (248~206 BC), the "The Classic of the Great Wilderness" record "Tian Ying.. can have acne (acne - acne)", " Food has wart", " Eat without pride (pride". Sao, that is, body odor, "Xun grass, the beauty of clothes.",". "Huainanzi" records: "pregnant rabbit and lack of lip" (Han, Liu An wrote,
179 ~
In 3 ~ fourth Century, the surgical treatment of cleft lip records: Jin (265 ~ 316) "Jin Shu" in the biography of Wei Yongzhi, Wei Yongzhi is a genius, but the "born rabbit missing", to find the Jingzhou provincial governor Yin Zhongkan. Doctors give up and cut two or three. Qiu Wucai textual research, Wei Yongzhi cleft lip surgery should be in the end of the fourth Century A.D., should be in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317~419)
In the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907) and the Song Dynasty (AD 960-1279), there were records of artificial eyes and dimples. In foreign literature, the origin of ancient plastic surgery was recorded by the nose reconstruction after the removal of the prisoners' nose in India and Tibet, China
漆雾净化装置Three. The birth and development of modern plastic surgery in China Modern plastic surgery became an independent profession, beginning in Europe in the early nineteenth Century. By the beginning of the twentieth Century, plastic surgery had become an independent discipline in many countries. Modern plastic surgery originated in the West and originated in the late nineteenth Century.
粉煤灰烧失量
组合式空调器1. early stage of practice: (from late nineteenth Century to 1949)
From China, there are records of modern orthopedic surgery, to the birth of new china.
折叠帐篷
In February 2, 1938, the first annual meeting of plastic surgeons was held in Dyksas J. In this period, Chinese scholars and Western scholars also carried out modern plastic surgery practice in china. In 1896, "China medical missionary journal", J.D. Thomson reported the elephantiasis of scrotum. The Ni Baochun report "in 1934 the infraorbital foramen of cleft lip surgery anesthesia" in 1949 published
papers, plastic paper saddle. Ni Baochun (1899~1997) in 1925 by Dr. John Hopkins University, 1926 renowned orthopedic specialist John Davis, returning in 1927, has served as president of the Saint John University, acting president of University of Saint John medical school (1952, Aurora Medical College, Saint John University School of medicine and three medical college merged with Shanghai, named second school of Medicine), vice president of Shanghai Medical College in 1929 second, Ni Baochun, in Tongren Hospital of Saint John Medical College (St. Luck's hospital) open surgery, director of plastic surgery, as Shanghai medical school anatomy and plastic surgery teaching, published in the last century at the beginning of the 50s, "Shen Ke surgery" in writing the "plastic surgery" section. According to access to current data, Ni Baochun should be called Chinese subject of modern plastic surgery the earliest pioneers, the first is to establish Chinese subject of modern plastic surgery in the medical college, is the modern plastic surgery, the father of Science in china.
At the same time, the 30~40 in the last century, in Shanghai, Beijing, Yangzhou City plastic surgeons have been carried out in rhinoplasty, double eyelid, smallpox pock (BAST) grinding, dimple formation, breast augmentation and other cosmetic
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