+第十三篇Sleeping Giant〔巨人〕
遥控器组合Right now , an eruption〔喷发〕is brewing〔酝酿〕in Yellowstone National Park. Sometirne during the next two hours , the park's most famous geyser〔间歇喷泉〕,Old Faithful,will begin gurgling〔gurgle发出咯咯声〕 boiling〔沸腾〕 water andsteam〔蒸汽〕. Then,an enormous〔巨大的〕 fountain〔喷泉〕 will shoot high into the air. Old Faithful is not only a spectacular〔壮观的〕sight〔景象〕; it's also a constant reminder that Yellowstone sits〔着落〕on one of the largest volcanoes in the world. If you've never heard of Yellowstone's volcano〔火山〕,you're not alone. The volcano〔火山〕is so inconspicuous 〔不显眼的〕ca3358that few people know it exists.Yet it has erupted〔喷发〕three times during the last 2 million years. And one of those eruptions spewed〔喷出〕enough volcanic〔火山的〕ash〔灰〕and other debris to blanket〔碎片〕half the United States. Yellowstone' s volcano is sometimes called a "supervolcano,"or extremely large and explosive caldera volcano. The first Yellowsstone eruption〔喷发〕 , 2 million years ag
o , released more than double that amnount of ash〔灰烬〕 and debris〔碎片、残骸〕dsp2812.t恤转印纸This supervolcano formed over a hot spot〔地点〕, an extremely hot area in Earth's mantle〔覆盖〕. John Valley , a volcano professor, said that crust cnist moves across a hot spot, the hot spot melts a section of the plate moving over it, forming "one volcano after another. "
The Yellowstone hot spot〔地点〕 melts〔融化〕thick continental〔大陆的〕crust〔地壳〕, which may cause 利乐包catastrophic〔灾难的〕eruptions. According to experts〔专家〕the eruptions that created each of the the three calderas〔火山口〕 in and around Yellowstone National Park were larger than any other volcanic〔火山的〕eruption in recorded history. The most recent eruption,which happened 640 ,000 years ago , produced at least l ,000 cubic〔立方体的〕 kilometers〔千米〕of ash and debris， which blanketed most of the westem half of the United States.
Geological evidence〔证据〕shows Yellowstone has blown its stack every 700 ,000 years or so. "If nature were truly that regular and reliable〔可靠的〕, we would be due for
another eruption soon , " said Valley. " However, these processes are subject to variability〔变化性〕， so we don't ' reallÿ know when the next eruption will happen. "
While the active geological processes at Yellowstone do pose 〔造成〕some risk to the public,they also make it a unique〔独一无二的〕 treasure〔财富〕.It is the volcanic energy that powers the geysers and hot springs, creates the mountains and canyons〔峡谷〕, and generates〔形成〕the unique〔唯一的〕ecosystems〔生态系统〕; that support Yellowstone' s diverse〔多种多样的〕wildlife.
练习：
A Three calderas make up more than a third of Yellowstone National Park.
B The first Yellowsstone eruption〔喷发〕 , 2 million years ago , released more than double that amnount of ash〔灰烬〕 and debris〔碎片、残骸〕.
C The volcano〔火山〕is so inconspicuous 〔不显眼的〕that few people know it exists.
D Then,an enormous〔巨大的〕 fountain will shoot high into the air.
E While the active geological processes at Yellowstone do pose some risk to the public,they also make it a unique treasure.
F Yellowstone National Park attracts the interest of geologists the world over.
第十三篇沉睡的巨人
眼下，黄石国家公园正在酝酿一场喷发。在随后的两个小时的某一时刻，公园里最著名的间歇泉“老忠实”会涌出沸水和蒸汽。接着，一个巨大的喷泉将会高高地射向空中。 “老忠实”不仅仅是一个奇特的景点，它还常常提醒人们黄石国家公园坐落在世界上最大的火山之上。如果你没听说过黄石国家公园的火山，这不稀奇，因为不知道的不止你一个。这个火山太不起眼了，以至于不太有人注意到它的存在。尽管如此，它在过去的200万年中已经爆发了三次。其中一次的爆发喷涌出的火山灰和残渣足够覆盖半个美国。
黄石国家公园里的火山有时也被称作是“超级火山”，即巨型爆炸式破火山口的火山。三个火山口组成了公园的1/3 多。这个"超级火山“在一处地幔中极热的地带形成。火山专家约翰·伏雷说，当地壳经过这块热的地方时，这地方就会熔化在它上边移动的一块地表，从而形
成一个又一个的“火山”。
黄石国家公园里那块热的地带可以熔化很厚的陆地地壳，这样有可能会引起灾难性的火山喷发。据专家称，在公园里及周围造成三个破火山口的火山喷发比历史上记载的任何一次火山爆发都要大。最近的一次喷发发生在距今64万年前，产生出了至少1000立方千米的灰和残渣，它覆盖住了美国西半部的大部分地区。黄石火山的第一次爆发在200万年前，它释放出的火山灰和残渣是那次的两倍多。
地质方面的证据表明，黄石公园的火山每隔70万年左右要爆发一次。伏雷说“如果自然真的是那么有规律和值得信赖，那么我们将很快面临另一次火山喷发。然而，这些过程又充满变数，因此我们真的不知道什么时候它会再次喷发。” 虽然黄石公园里活跃的地质活动对公众来说是一个威胁，它们同时也成为公园里一笔独特的财富。正是火山爆发时的能量形成了间歇泉和温泉、山脉及峡谷，也产生了独特的生态系统，以保证黄石公园里野生动物的多样性。
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