电量控制浅谈英语新闻标题的翻译
【Abs tract】 Thi s dis serta tionfocus es on intr oduci ng so me tr ansla tingskill s acc ordin g tothe f eatur es of Engl ish n ews h eadli ne. F irst, it i s abo ut tr ansla tionof le xical item s inEngli sh ne ws he adlin e, in cludi ng tr ansla tionof ac ronym, new word s and midg et wo rds.As fo r the limi tatio n ofnewsp aperspace, lex icalitems aremonly used in h eadli ne so this part is r egard ed to be e ssent ial a nd cr itica l for thedisse rtati on. S econd, the pape r
dis cusse s tra nslat ion o f pro per p unctu ation s not allpunct uatio ns ar e use d innews
headl ine.Thispartmainl y int roduc es so me tr ansla tingtechn iques of f reque ntlyusedonessuchas ma, col on, a nd da sh an d soon. T hird, thetrans latio n ofrheto rical devi ces i s the high light of t his p aper. News head lineis qu ite l ikely to p roduc e str iking effe ct by mean s offigur e ofspeec h. It coul d betrans lated lite rally at t he mo st of time andsomet imesit
sh ouldbe tr ansla ted f lexib ly fo r the diff erent cult ure b ackgr ounds betw een c hina
无镍电镀
and E nglis h-spe aking coun tries. Fin ally, this part focu ses o n the tran slati on in term s ofthe g ramma r fea tures of n ews h eadli ne wh ich o ftendiffe r fro m one s weusual ly ac cept, such as t h
e om issio n ofartic les,auxil iaryverbs, con junct ionsand f lexib le us e oftense, voi ce an d non-pred icate verb s. 【K ey Wo rds】trans latio n; Ne ws he adlin e; En glish【摘要】本文结合英语新闻标题的主要特点，通过具体的例子，介绍了英语新闻标题的翻译技巧.首先是英语新闻标题中词语(包括首字母缩略语、新词、小词)的译法.报纸有限的空间使得新闻标题常用词语来表达，因此词语的译法是论文的一个重要组成部分，其次是关于某些在新闻标题中常用的标点符号所代表的意思的翻译.再者，新闻标题中修辞手法的翻译是论文的重点，新闻标题经常借助各种修辞来增强其表达效果，大多数情况下可采用直译，但由于中英国家不同的文化背景，必要事需要采取灵活的翻译技巧.最后，值得注意的是，英语新闻标题的一些语法特征不同于我们平常所接受的语法特点，新闻标题经常省略冠词、连词、助动词等一些虚词，其时态、语法及非谓语动词的使用也十分灵活.
【关键词】翻译；新闻标题；英语
1. I ntrod uctio n Ata tim e whe n the pace of l ife i s get tingfaste r and fast er, e veryt hingseems to b e bid dingfor p eople‟s at tenti on, a nd ne wspap er is no e xcept ion.As th e eye
of t he ne ws, h eadli ne si ts in a po sitio n tocaptu re th e ess enceof th e eve nt, d emons trate thereada bilit y ofthe n ews a nd at tract read ers‟atten tion. A go od he adlin e, ge neral ly
sp eakin g, sh ouldinclu de su ch fe ature s asaccur acy,brevi ty an d cla ritywhich are
gener allydevel opedby le xical item s, pu nctua tion, rhet orica l dev ices, andgramm ar. P ut it in d etail, fir st, a s for word s sel ectio n, su ch it ems a s acr onym, newwords andmidge t
wor ds ar e mon ly ch osenfor t he he adlin e. Se cond, notall p unctu ation s cou ld ap pearin
he adlin e, an d the freq uentl y use d one s lik e ma, colo n, an d das h als o ind icate spec ificmeani ng of theheadl ine.Third, inorder to l ead f orceto an idea, toheigh ten e ffect, orto cr eateatmos phere, hea dline is u suall y wri ttenfigur ative ly. F inall y, th e lim itedspace
of n ewspa per d emand s tha t hea dline be c oncis e and brie f, an d the refor e it
has d evelo ped i ts ow n gra mmati cal s tyle. Themajor diff erenc e ofthe g ramma r rul es us ed fo r dai ly En glish andnewsheadl inesliesin th e fre quent omis sionof fu nctio n
wor ds(ar ticle, aux iliar y ver bs, c onjun ction s and so o n), a nd un iquepract ice o f
ten se, v oiceand n on-pr edica te ve rbs.Suchfeatu res o f Eng lishnewsheadl ine a s
men tione d abo ve ar e ess entia l and crit icalfor r eader s tounder stand theconno tatio n ofnewsheadl ine,and a lso a re th e dif ficul tiesand p roble ms ne ededsettl ing i n
tra nslat ing E nglis h new s hea dline. Thi s ess ay fo cuses on i ntrod ucing some corr espon denttrans latin g tec hniqu es wi th th ese f eatur es of Engl ish n ews h eadli ne.2. Tran slati on of
lexi cal i temsin En glish news head line2.
1. Tra nslat ion o f acr onymA crony m (wo rd fo rmedfromthe i nitia l let tersof agroup
of w ords) is o ne ma in fo rm of Engl ish n ews t itle‟s glo ssary vari ation. Sin ce
ne wspap ers a re li mited in t ime a nd sp ace,acron ym me ets t he ne ed, s aving thespace
of n ewspa per.Thischapt er at tempt s todiscu ss so me sk illsin tr ansla tingacron ym.2.
1.
1. Tran slate acco rding to i ts pr onunc iatio nForexamp le:
(1)OPEC22ndSessi on En ds (O PEC =Organ izati on of Petr oleum Expo rting Coun tries
石油输出国组织，即欧佩克)---欧佩克第二届会议结束
(2) A IDS---TheRiskto He teros exual(AIDS=Acqu iredImmun e Def icien cy Sy ndrom e
艾滋病，即后天免疫缺损综合症)---艾滋病危及异性恋爱者2.
1.2.Trans latin g and shor tenin g the full name For e xampl e:
拼接墙(1) N ATO t o See k New Secr etary Gene ral(N ATO=N orthAtlan tic T reaty Orga nizat ion
北大西洋公约组织，简称北约)---北约寻求新任秘书长 (2) USSR Diss olves, Mik hailCorba chevR esign s: Bo ris Y eltsi n Tak es
ov er(US SR=Un ion o f Sov iet S ocial ist R epubl ics苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟，简称苏联)---苏联解体,戈尔巴乔夫辞职，叶利钦上台2.
1.3. Exp laini ng al l let tersIn vi ew of thefactthatnot a ll ac ronym s can be t ransl atedaccor dingto th e pro nunci ation; oth erwis e rea derswould be c onfus ed. T he tr ansla tor h ad be tterpoint outthe m eanin g ofall l etter s.Itcan b e cle arlyseenin th e bel ow ex ample s:
(1) B BC Co nside ringStart ing G lobal Tele visio n Ser vice(BBC=Briti sh Br oadca sting Corp orati on) ---英国广播公司拟开通全球电视服务
(2) P LO Sa ys Is raeli Driv e ahe ad (P LO=Pa lesti ne Li berat ion O rgani zatio n) ---巴勒斯坦解放组织说以列即将大举进攻
(3) STAR T Ann ounce d toBegin June29 (S TART=Strat egicArmsReduc tions Talk s) ---裁减战略武器会谈于六月而十九日开始
(4)36thWTTCtrium phant ly cl osesin Yu gosla via.(WTTC=Worl d Tab le Te nnisChamp ionsh ips)---第三十六届世界乒乓球锦标赛在南斯拉夫胜利闭幕
(5) Gov ernme nt Is Cove ringup UF O Evi dence? (UF O=Uni denti fiedFlyin g Obj ect) ---美政府一直隐瞒不明飞行物真相？(6) Ho llywo od He lps C IA Co me in From theCold(CIA=Centr al In telli gence Agen cy) ---好莱坞为中央情报局重塑形象 2.2. Tran slati on
of newwords in E nglis h new s hea dline As sc ience andtechn ology of t he wo rld s wiftl y
dev elop, theconta ct am ong c ountr ies i ncrea singl y exp ands, more andmorenew E nglis h wor ds ar e bor n tothe w orld. In o rderto dr aw cl ose t o the soci al li fe, g raspthe t imespulse, new s re
p ort n eed t o cre ate m assiv e new word s torefle ct th e wor ld‟snew t hings, new
thou ghts, newpheno menon andnew p revai lingcusto ms to attr act r eader s‟
at tenti on. “Thiskindof wo rds m ay be divi ded i nto t wo ty pes:one i s togiveold w ordsnew m eanin g. Fo r exa mple, …clo ne‟ m eans…无性系繁殖‟and then it i s exu ded t o be…复
制‟；…Bug ‟mea ns …机器的毛病‟now r efers in p artic ularto …计算机千年虫问
题‟；S ept.11 or9/11has t he sp ecial mean ing b ecaus e the terr orist s att acked theUS
wo rld t radebuild ing.The o theris pl etely newwords ,nam ely,coinage,mainl y in
the f ields of s cienc e tec hnolo gy, s uch a s Int ernet ese(因特网语言），, e-mail, e-me rce（
电子商务），cyber space（电脑空间）, bi o-chi ps(生物芯片），techn o-mil liona ire（高科技百万富翁）and so o n. ”[1]P108Forexamp le：
(1) Y ear 2017 B ug Un stopp ablefor S ome C orpor ation s ---计算机千年虫问题迫在眉睫(2) A meric
an On line: Ofte n Dow n, Ne ver O ut ---美国在线公司：屡挫不倒
(3) W hat I s Dat eline? ---何为征婚热线？
(4) T he Sa ndbag gers---用沙袋治沙的人们
(5) Co ld-Fi ghtin g Dru g May Be U sed A gains t SAR S ---千呼万唤始出来抗非典药物有望面世(6) Asia Pled ge Ac tionon Bi rd fl u ---亚洲国家表示采取一致措施控制禽流感(7) Yah oo Aw ardsWorld‟s Be st Cy ber c afés---雅虎评选全球最佳网吧2.3.
Tr ansla tionof mi dgetwords “Mid get w ordsare v erbsor no uns t hat a re sh orter or f ewersylla ble b ut mo re vi vid e mploy ed in news head lineto ma ke it easi er fo r rea dersto
un derst and.”P98 A t thi s poi nt, t he tr ansla tor s hould seek to p roduc e som ethin g rel ative ly eq uival ent t o thi s kin d ofwords in C hines e.For exam ple:
(1) WarStrai ns an d the Prod uctio n ofKille rs. ---战争压力与杀戮者的产生
(2)The U.S. P ropos al an d Its Chan ces. ---美国的建议及其机会
(3)The P ressu re on Cher bourg andthe E nemy‟s Dis tress ---瑟堡吃紧敌军凄苦
(4)A Fer tileValle y and ItsScour ge ---肥沃河谷的灾难F urthe r exa mples:
(1) Re portBacks Meth adone forAddic ts ---报道支持者使用镁沙酮镇定剂
(2) N uclea r Bla st Se epage Is F ound ---核爆炸渗漏物被发现“T he wo rds …back‟ and…blas t‟ ar e sho rterthanthe w ords…supp ort‟and …explo sion‟, but ther e are no C hines e
wor ds Co rresp onden t wit h the m toexpre ss th e dif feren ce in visu allybetwe en …b ack‟and …suppo rt‟,…blas t‟ an d …ex plosi on‟,so it is o nly t ransl atedliter allyto be …支持‟and …爆炸‟，s tress ing i n the sign ifica nce t ransm issio n inspite of l osing Engl ish m idget word s‟ la nguag e cha racte risti c.”P98
(3) Br itish Stud ent K nifed in F rance ---英国学生在法被刺Her e if“knif e” is tran slate d tobe “刀刺”，it woul d gil d the lily.
(4) Ch un Ax es 37 Judg es in Shap e-up---全斗焕在改组中撤掉37名法官“If theword…axe‟ is t ransl atedliter allyto be …斧砍‟ in C hines e, it is p ossib le to caus e two pena lties: one is t o mak e the dive rgenc e ---全斗焕在改组中用斧头砍伤了37名法官；t he
ot her i s tha t the scal e offorma lityof Ch inese word …斧砍‟ make s itquite alie n to
the p hrase s …改组‟, …法官‟ an d …全斗焕‟.”P98 Un der s uch c ircum stanc es, w e are
modbus网关模块conc erned with theessen tialmeani ng im plied in t he wo rds.Whenwords or p hases in t he En glish news head lineare m eanin gless or m islea dingif tr ansla ted l itera lly i nto C hines e, on e isoblig ed to make some adju stmen ts in tran slati on to guar antee the
headl ine p ass i nto C hines e wit houtlosin g its esse nce.3. Tra nslat ion o f
pro per p unctu ation s New s tit le is alwa ys si mplif ied i n str uctur e; ac cordi ngly, punc tuati on pl ays a very impo rtant role in n ews h eadli ne. M ore o ftenthannot,certa in pu nctua tioncan p roduc e som e kin d ofspeci al re sult. Thetrans lator shou ld pa y att entio n to
the c oncre te me aning of t hesepunct uatio ns wh ile t ransl ating them.3.
1. C omma(,)“C ommaexpre ssesthe s top b etwee n the poun d ing redie nts i n tit le, a nd it is a lso u sed t o rep lace…and‟ in o rderto sa ve sp ace,gener allybeing tran slate d tobe …和‟ inChine se.”P29For exam ple:
(1) Aust ralia，U.S. Seek More Ways to P romot e Tra de (=Austr alia
and U.S .S eek M ore W ays t o Pro-mote Trad e)---澳大利亚和美国寻求更多途径以促进两国贸易
(2) UN, Iraq Talk on R efuge e Aid ---联合国和伊拉克谈判援助难民问题
(3) Chi na, C IS St atesMay S hareCable s ---中国和独联体国家合作开发光电通讯
(4) R eady, aim, flam bé: A rmy,Marin e Coo ks Ba ttleEachOther ---预备、瞄准、开火：海陆两军交“火”厨师各显神通(“T he tw o mas in f rontof th e col on ar e use d to
indic ate d ispla y, an d fun ction as C hines e sli ght-p ause; thelastma th en is equa l to…and‟." P67)3.2. Col on (:)In t he En glish news titl e, th e mos t eye-catc hinginfor matio n isalway s put in f ront, andthensomesuppl ement info rmati on is draw n out to m ake u p the
subj ect a ftercolon. The simi larit ies i n Chi neseand E nglis h exp ressi on pr ovide a se riesof pa ralle lisms of c onten t intrans latio n.Loo k atthe e xampl es:
柴油机起动器
(1)T he＄2billi on Ma keove r: Au stral ia‟sOlymp ic Ci ty Ge ts Re ady f or th e Gam es ---二十亿美元的大改造：
澳大利亚的奥林匹克城准备迎接奥运会
(2) W ar Pl an: t he We st‟sMilit ary O ption s ---战争计划：
西方的军事选择“Col on is also used to t ake p laceof re latio n ver bs, a nd it is a lways
tran slate d tobe …说‟、…宣称‟、…是‟ in Chin ese.”P29Fo r exa mple:
(1) Ren minbi to R emain Reli able, Stro ng: L i ---说人民币保持可靠和坚挺Wh en co lon i s use d toshowthe s ource of a quot ation, tha t is, equa l tothe C hines e wor d“说”,
in E nglis h itcan b e put in h ead o f orafter thespeak er, w hilein Ch inese it c an on ly be
plac ed af ter t he sp eaker.
(2) He althSurve y: Ne w Yor kersFitte r, Sl immer ---健康调查称纽约人更加健康和苗
条
(3) Poll on T rial: WhyWeren‟t th e Vic tim C riesHeede d? ---笼罩着审讯的疑云是为什么受害者的呼救没人理睬3.3. Qu otati on ma rk (…‟)Gen erall y spe aking,
sin gle q uotat ion m ark i s use d inEngli sh ne ws he adlin e ins teadof do ublequota tionmarks. Tobe ac corda nt wi th Ch inese natu ral e xpres sion, it i s bet ter f or tr ansla tor t o cha nge i t
int o dou ble q uotat ion m arksin Ch inese.Look at t he fo llowi ng ex ample s:钢管自动切割机
(1) A badan OilRefin ery …Destr oyed‟---阿巴丹炼油厂“被毁”
(2) Araf at to Reag an: …We Ar e Sti ll He re‟ ---阿拉法特告诫里根：
“我们仍然存在” 3.4. D ash(—)Dash is u sed t o sep arate each inde pende nt cl ausein th e tit le, a nd al so fr equen tly u sed t o dra w out thespeak er be foreor af ter t he su bscri pt wi thout thequota tionmark. It i s oft en tr ansla ted t o be“说” i n Chi nesein or der t o dra w out thespeak er, a nd to be “再”inorder to e mphas ize s ometh ing.F or ex ample:
(1) La bor C ounci l Fac e Ban krupt cy —Offic ials---官员们说劳动党委员会面临崩溃
(2) O ur Di ffere ncesCan B e Ove re —Rocke felle r ---我们的分歧是能够克服的—洛
克菲勒(说)
(3) Ye ltsin in H ospit al —Again ---叶利钦再次住院
(4)World Unit y aga instTerro rismNeede d —B lair ---英国首相布莱尔说：
世界各国在反恐问题上需要加强联合4. The tran slati on of rhet orica l
dev icesH eadli ne im plies itsmeani ng an d ismadeto pr oduce more stri kingeffec t bymeans of f igure of s peech such as a llite ratio n, rh yme,metap hor,pun,allus ion,
exagg erati on an d soon. I t bee s mor e dif ficul t for tran slati on be cause of t he di ffere nt
cu lture back groun ds an d the gapbetwe en th e wri ter‟s rang e ofknowl edgeand e xperi enceand t he re aders. Inorder notto co nfuse Chin ese r eader s, th e tra nslat ion o f Eng lishnewstitle s can “ret ain t he rh etori c cha racte risti cs of theorigi nal t ext t o ach ieve
the s ame d issem inati on ef fect”P95.The t ransl atoralsoshoul d pay atte ntion to m aking thetrans latio n “co nform to C hines e tit le‟sfeatu res a nd ca ter t o Chi nesereade rs‟ r eadin g
hab its”P95.4.
1. Alli terat ion a nd rh ymeAl liter ation andrhyme areoften used in E nglis h new s hea dline to c reate thedemea nor e ffect, exa ggera te th e atm osphe re, a nd br ing t o rea ders‟ atte ntion andinter est.It is hard to g et ac corda nce w ith t he or igina l all itera tionand r hymein
tr ansla tion, so c ertai n fig ure p atter ns mu st of ten b e sub stitu ted f or th e pro per e xpres sions of C hines e. Fo r ins tance:
(1) Pr otest antsProte st (a llite ratio n)---新教教徒示威抗议
(2)Soldi ers S alari es So ar (a llite ratio n) ---士兵薪水剧增
(3) Y oungWheel ers,Big D ealer s (rh yme)---驾驶摩托小青年，保险公司大主顾
(4)Who‟s Near to R eagan‟ ear? (rh yme)---里根耳朵，谁愿听说？
(5)Jazzy in J eans, Sass y inSweat er (a llite ratio n) ---穿上牛仔裤，活泼利索；套上毛线衫,潇洒俊俏(6) Aft er th e Boo m, Ev eryth ing I s Glo om (r hyme) ---繁荣好景不在, 萧条接踵而来F urthe r exa mples:
(1) De spera te Ne ed, D esper ate D eed . ---燃眉之机,十万火急T his t ransl ation show s the good unde rstan dingof or igina l tex t, an d Chi nesewords “机”a nd “急” get up t o the rhym e eff ect.
(2) TheSiste r Vs. Worl d Tau nts!Tautr ums!Talen ts! ---妹对垒全世界辱骂! 奚落! 天才!“Thi s tit le wi th th ree h armon ics i s une asy t o und ersta nd. O n the onehand,
it e xpres ses t he in tensi velypetit ive r hythm of s ports; onthe o ther, it i ndica tes t he
hi ghlig ht of thesubje ct. I t iswellknown that U.S. is a soci ety w ith s trong pati bilit y, bu t asfor t he bl ack s ister s who maydrawlittl e att entio n inthe t ennis worl d alm ost r uledby th e whi te, t his r hymetitle in T imesactua lly s howsthe s trong effe ct ca usedby th e bla ck si sters.”[10]P674.2. M etaph or“Ametap hor a lways make s a p ariso n bet weens twounlik e ele ments, and this pari son i s imp liedrathe r tha n sta ted.”[11]P166 T he pr operuse o f
met aphor in n ews h eadli ne ca n pro ducevivid, str iking effe ct an d att ractmorereade rs.Fo r exa mple:
(1) Mid dle E ast:：
A Crad le of Terr or 中东---恐怖主义的摇篮
(2) Rus sianRefor m:：
Old Wine in N ew Bo ttle俄罗斯改革---新瓶装陈酒
(3)An Af ghanJoanof Ar c ---阿富汗的贞德(“Co mpari ng 17 year-oldAfgha n
fem ale s oldie r to15 ce ntury Fren ch na tiona lityherit ressArc”[12]P29)
(4) T he Op en Ba rn Do or ---敞开的粮仓大门(“Imply ing t hat i t iseasyto ge t the
US s cient ificand t echni cal i nform ation”[13]P29)
(5) Carl o Pon ti in HotWater Agai n ---卡洛，庞蒂再陷困境(…in h ot wa ter‟means …introub le‟ )4.3.PunPu n isan am using useof awordor ph rasethathas t wo me aning, orof wo rds h aving thesamesound butdiffe rentmeani ng. “To pu n isto pl ay on word s, or
rath er to play with theformand m eanin g ofwords, for a wi tty o r hum orous
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