ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERLINEAR MORPHEME TRANSLATION

ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERLINEAR MORPHEME TRANSLATION (IMT)

The abbreviations given below were adopted by the Framework for Descriptive Grammars project (Bernard Comrie, William Croft, Christian Lehmann, Dietmar Zaefferer) in 1991, and subsequently adopted (with some modifications) by the European Typology project. Abbreviations in this list have a maximum length of five, and were designed to eliminate ambiguity, maintain uniqueness of abbreviation, and to render some less-used abbreviations more “natural”. All of the standard abbreviations are listed here, in the hope that their use will become more widespread. Some additional abbreviations found in the examples in Typology and universals are also listed below.

1first person CAUS causative

2second person CIRC circumstantial

3third person CLF classifier

12first person dual inclusive CLn noun class n

(if treated as a quasi-singular)CMPL completive

A transitive agent CMPR comparative

ABESS abessive (‘without’)CJPRT conjunctive participle远心扫描透镜

ABL ablative (‘from’)CONJ conjunction

ABS absolutive case CO coordinator

ABSL absolute form COLL collective

ABST abstract (nominalization)COM comitative

ACC accusative COMP complementizer

ACCID accidental (action)CONC concessive

ACCES accessory (case)COND conditional

ACT active CONN connective

ACTR actor CONST construct form

ADESS adessive (‘on’)CONT continuous

ADJR adjectivalizer CONTR contrastive

ADM admonitive COP copula

ADVRS adversative CORR correlative

ADVR adverbializer CUST customary

AFF affirmative D1deictic of 1 person

AFFCT affective D2deictic of 2 person

桥壳AG agent(ive)D3deictic of 3 person

AL alienable D12deictic of 12 person

ALL allative (‘to’)DAT dative

ALLOC allocutive DECL declarative

AN animate DEF definite

ANA anaphoric DEFR deferential

ANT anterior DEM demonstrative

ANTI antipassive DEP dependent verb form

AOR aorist DER derivational morpheme

APPL applicative DES desiderative

ART article DET determiner

ASP aspect DETR detransitivizer

ASS assertive DIM diminutive

ASSOC associative DIR directional

AT attributor DIST distal (= 3 person deictic)

AUG augmentative DITR ditransitive

AUX auxiliary DO direct object

AVERS aversive DS different subject

BEN benefactive DSTR distributive

BUFF phonological buffer element DU dual

CARD cardinal (numeral)DUB dubitative

DUR durative JUSS jussive

DWNT downtoner LIG ligature

DYN dynamic (vs. stative)LNK linker

EL elative (‘out of’)LOC locative

EMPH emphatic LOG logophoric

EQT equative (adjective)M masculine

ERG ergative MAL malefactive

ESS essive (‘as’)MAN manner

EVID evidential MDL modal

EX exclusive MED medial (verb form)

EXCL exclamation MEDP mediopassive

EXST exist(ence)MEDT mediate (= 2 person deictic) F feminine MID middle

FACT factitive MOD modifier

FAM familiar N neuter

FIN finite NARR narrative (tense)

FNL final position marker NCMP noncompletive

FOC focus NEAR near (past, future)

FREQ frequentative NEC necessity

FRM formal NEG negative

FUT future NFNL nonfinal position marker

G ditransitive “goal”NFOC nonfocus

GEN genitive NFUT nonfuture

GER gerund (verbal adverb)NHUM nonhuman

GNR generic NOM nominative

HAB habitual NPST nonpast

HEST hesternal (past, future??)NR nominalizer

HOD hodiernal (past, future)NSG nonsingular

HON honorific NSPEC nonspecific

HORT hortative NTOP nontopic

HUM human NVOL nonvolitional

HYP hypothetical OBJ object

ILL illative (‘into’)OBL oblique

IMM immediate (past, future)OBLG obligative

IMP imperative OBV obviative

IMPF imperfect(ive)OPT optative

剥离力测试方法

IMPR impersonal ORD ordinal (numeral)

IN inclusive P transitive patient

INAL inalienable PART participle

INAN inanimate PASS passive

INCH inchoative PAU paucal

INCP inceptive PCLF possessive classifier

IND indicative PEJ pejorative

INDF indefinite PFCT perfect

INESS inessive (‘in’)PL plural

INF infinitive PLT pluritive

INFR inferential evidential PLUP pluperfect

INGR ingressive PNCT punctual

INJ injunctive PO primary object

INST instrumental POL polite

INT interrogative POSS possessive

熔断器盒

INTR intransitive POST postposition

INTS intensifier/intensive POT potential

INV inverse PRED predicative

INVS invisible PREP preposition

IO indirect object PREV preverb

IRR irrealis PRF perfective

ITER iterative PRN pronoun

PROG progressive VIS visible

PROH prohibitive VISL visual evidential PROL prolative (‘along’)VN verbal noun PROX proximal VOC vocative

PRS present VOL volitional

PRT preterite VR verbalizer PRTT partitive

PRVT privative (‘without’)

PRXT proximate (= 1 person deictic)

PST past

PTCL particle

PURP purpose, purposive

QUAD quadral

QUOT quotative

RDP reduplication

REC recent (past)

RECP reciprocal

REF referential

REFL reflexive

REFR referential (‘about’)

REL relative clause marker

(other than relative pronoun)

RPRN relative pronoun

REM remote (past, future)

REMT remote (distance)

REP reportive evidential

RES resultative

RL realis

RLT relative (case)

微波真空烧结炉

S intransitive subject

SBJ subject

SENS sensory evidential

SEQ sequential, consecutive

SG singular

SGT singulative

SIM simultaneous

SMLF semelfactive

SO secondary object

SPEC specific

SS same subject

STAT stative

SUBJ subjunctive

SUBR subordinator

SUP superlative

T ditransitive “theme”

TEMP temporal

TERM terminative

TNS tense