林业工程学报，2020,5(5)：96-102
Journal of Forestry Engineering
D0I：10.13360/j.issn.2096—1359.202001032
王姿轮，胡传双，涂登云，章伟伟，关丽涛*
炭化（华南农业大学材料与能源学院，生物基材料与能源教育部重点实验室，广州510642）
摘要：以废弃的油茶果壳为原料，通过炭化及NaOH活化等工艺可以制备出具有高比表面积和优异吸附性能的油茶果壳活性炭。然而较高的炭化温度不仅造成能源的浪费，而且可能导致油茶果壳活性炭结构及吸附性能的大大减弱；因此，优化油茶果壳活性炭制备工艺，对提高其吸附性能及废弃油茶果壳的增值化利用非常重要。
采用单因素实验法探究了炭化温度和NaOH用量等制备条件对油茶果壳活性炭得率、结构及吸附性能的影响，结合扫描电镜（SEM）分析和X射线衍射（XRD）分析对油茶果壳活性炭的结构和微观形貌进行了评价。研究结果表明，随着炭化温度的升高，炭化物得率不断降低，活性炭吸附性能先略微升高后逐
渐下降；随着NaOH用量的增加，活性炭得率不断降低，其吸附性能先上升后略有下降。在较佳的工艺条件（炭化温度290t、碱炭质量比3：1）下制备的油茶果壳活性炭的比表面积为2329.1m2/g，亚甲基蓝吸附量和脱除率分别为1573.6mg/g和
98.3%。SEM结果表明，所制备的活性炭具有良好的多孔结构，在孔壁上广泛分布有微小的孔道；XRD结果表
明，油茶果壳活性炭具有较低的石墨化程度。本研究采用较低的炭化温度和较低的NaOH用量制备出了性能优异的油茶果壳活性炭，对油茶果壳的高值化利用具有重要意义。
关键词：油茶果壳；NaOH活化；活性炭；炭化温度；吸附性能
中图分类号:TQ424.1文献标志码：A开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：
文章编号：2096-1359（2020）05-0096-07
Preparation and adsorption property of activated carbon
made from Camellia olerea shells
WANG Zilun,HU Chuanshuang,TU Dengyun,ZHANG Weiwei,GUAN Litao*
(Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,College of Materials and Energy,
South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou510642,China)
\h、lrl「l:At present,the waste resource problems and environmental pollution caused by discarded Camellia oleifera shells are becoming more and more serious.It is desirable to convert the waste C.oleifera shells into a value-added material,namely,activated carbon.The developed C.oleifera shells-based activated carbon had high specific surface area and excellent adsorption property by the carbonization and NaOH activation steps.It is the main reason that high carbonization temperature may not only cause a waste of energy，but also lead to the significant weakening of the structure and adsorption property of the C.oleifera shells-based activated carbon．Therefore，it is v
ery important to optimize the preparation process of C.oleifera shells-based activated carbon for improving the adsorption property of the activated carbon and the value-added utilization of waste C.oleifera shells．In this study，the technological conditions of the carbonization temperature and the dosage of NaOH and their effects on the yield and adsorption property of the activated carbon were investigated by the single factor experiment.The graphite layer structure and surface morphology of activated carbon were characterized by the X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results showed that the yield of biochar continued to decrease,and the adsorption property of the activated carbon firstly increased slightly and then gradually decreased with the increase of carbonization temperature；the yield of activated carbon continued to decrease，and the adsorption property increased initially and then decreased as the increase of NaOH dosage．The SEM analyses showed that the prepared activated carbon had an excellent porous structure，and the micropores were widely distributed on the pore walls；the pores were expanded and formed the mesopores and macropores with the deepening of the activation.The optimum technological conditions were as follows: the carbonization temperature of290七and alkali:carbon ratio of3：1.When the optimal processing conditions were used,the prepared activated carbon with the specific surface area of2329.1m2/g and the methylene blue adsorption value and removal rate of1573.6mg/g and98.3%respectively could be achieved.In this study,the C.oleifera
收稿日期：2020-01-19修回日期：2020-05-25
基金项目：广东省科技计划项目(2019A050503009)；广东省林业科技创新项目(2020KJCX008)。
作者简介：王姿轮，男，研究方向为生物质复合材料与胶黏剂。通信作者：关丽涛，女，副教授。E-mail:ltguan@scau.edu
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