CA认证中⼼简述转⾃⼤魔王
CA ：CertificateAuthority的缩写，通常翻译成认证权威或者认证中⼼，主要⽤途是为⽤户发放数字证书 功能：证书发放、证书更新、证书撤销和证书验证。
作⽤：⾝份认证，数据的不可否认性
端⼝：443
证书请求⽂件:CSR是Cerificate Signing Request的英⽂缩写，即证书请求⽂件，也就是证书申请者在申请数字证书时由CSP(加密服务提供者)在⽣成私钥的同时也⽣成证书请求⽂件，证书申请者只要把CSR⽂件提交给证书颁发机构后，证书颁发机构使⽤其根证书的私钥签名就⽣成了证书⽂件，也就是颁发给⽤户的证书 ⼀：搭建CA认证中⼼
配置⼀个⾃⼰的CA认证中⼼
[root@ca ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/opensslf +172
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE # 把FALSE改成TRUE 把本机变成CA认证中⼼
配置认证中⼼，⽣成私钥与根证书
[root@ca ~]# /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -newca
这⾥配置了CA认证中⼼，在⾥⾯就⽣成了CA认证根证书的私钥，在配置完结束之后，就会⽣成⼀个根证书，这个根证书中有这证书的公钥
到此CA认证中⼼就搭建好了
查看⽣成的CA根证书：
[root@ca ~]# vim /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
d5:bc:ed:54:bb:7c:a9:3b
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=CN, ST=beijing, O=IT, OU=IT-OPS, CN=damowang/emailAddress=damowang@gmail
# 上⾯是CA认证中⼼信息
Validity
Not Before: Aug 6 14:53:14 2018 GMT
Not After : Aug 5 14:53:14 2021 GMT
Subject: C=CN, ST=beijing, O=IT, OU=IT-OPS, CN=damowang/emailAddress=damowang@gmail
Subject Public Key Info: # CA认证中⼼公钥信息
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
Public-Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus:
00:bc:f2:4e:b3:ac:cf:ec:c7:6c:9a:7f:25:8f:ab:
bc:b0:2f:b6:36:a7:cd:26:82:a6:47:f3:92:3a:88:
8c:d5:88:44:3a:94:27:da:9f:ae:5d:b0:c1:34:3e:
8f:9e:37:10:2b:65:b5:40:d3:8e:c0:de:54:7d:e2:
24:15:07:6c:bf:b2:21:dc:16:30:b0:a5:2e:54:a4:
43:86:68:00:6e:df:f7:8e:3a:d5:ab:df:cb:5b:23:
ee:a4:e9:e6:6c:ae:97:70:d2:a0:08:db:b7:17:23:
f5:0e:30:3f:8c:a6:e8:08:5b:a1:01:da:1a:ec:18:
18:31:51:10:14:9e:dd:f0:3e:72:ea:a1:ff:54:47:
c0:b1:03:30:5f:38:6e:31:c4:8d:e5:a2:b4:32:ff:
6d:b3:2b:db:60:42:fa:a6:72:d5:72:ec:ba:18:d4:
f3:40:72:e9:16:c0:ba:f4:5b:20:e5:f5:f7:85:52:
dc:01:bc:61:6b:2b:0e:40:39:84:45:3c:2a:37:a0:
69:38:92:77:af:ee:76:d5:3b:70:cc:34:cd:b2:ab:
fa:79:5d:78:eb:8a:e5:3c:94:a2:3b:e3:8b:d0:97:
6e:54:85:0d:dd:6b:12:e4:75:82:5d:bc:16:da:4b:
4f:d2:c8:66:76:c6:c3:b8:b5:eb:e3:ff:69:f5:95:
60:ed
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
89:51:C9:B3:C1:BF:F9:4D:D4:51:73:BC:9B:A5:C0:CC:6B:D9:5D:BD
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:89:51:C9:B3:C1:BF:F9:4D:D4:51:73:BC:9B:A5:C0:CC:6B:D9:5D:BD
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:TRUE
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
90:f7:14:3b:32:31:62:88:2e:ad:f6:af:27:4c:8b:52:ac:03:
98:8d:47:8b:48:6a:b8:1e:60:b0:5d:c1:ee:d2:c6:a6:1e:57:
4d:64:b6:65:2e:c3:81:a4:f0:f9:9e:d4:2f:c2:39:18:83:5e:
b3:70:84:91:b4:93:1f:3d:cb:d7:2f:f8:76:6e:a5:8a:e6:f6:
8f:00:aa:4b:9a:84:b5:0e:db:52:19:0b:8a:9b:2b:59:6d:20:
c0:42:8f:cd:85:85:09:78:d5:4f:4f:8e:eb:7a:23:2c:03:59:
8e:36:1c:11:3a:e8:26:b4:2e:45:4a:a4:45:1a:50:8d:17:d9:
b5:6e:66:87:66:99:36:71:48:a4:ac:1b:68:dd:39:14:6f:8b:
a9:ff:d4:d2:7e:9c:8f:4a:c7:40:e7:13:2b:32:89:88:5f:83:
6c:98:2d:b5:a7:1d:0c:f1:a2:d8:93:2c:70:84:00:3c:01:9c:
20:d4:1a:d1:7b:a3:7f:f6:66:77:e3:27:f1:7e:43:54:af:90:
2b:87:6d:cb:af:d0:43:ad:e4:80:1c:ee:b9:22:d8:74:38:24:
7b:30:ba:11:ac:14:f1:02:c0:12:2e:16:53:dd:95:7b:58:8f:
52:74:38:66:b3:a4:20:70:b9:27:ef:0b:49:7f:26:95:bf:2f:
63:01:9b:d6
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
查看根证书的私钥 :
[root@ca ~]# vim /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem # CA认证下根证书的私钥
-----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIFDjBABgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wMzAbBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwDgQInT7FONSpFscCAggA
MBQGCCqGSIb3DQMHBAi1VvUPV2DgKwSCBMjHCgsNdj+BrCSvkFaHtX6iGaitR7WJ
bBEWrarlcGGVdAHYW6Hwpb548FXXLhXagTcU1gj6EP8ylJ5+ZsQtXM6B/HlzX+c6
模板的制作TKTdS4QBotFUqb2BRZkN0Une4k17RxDNW6Por4OEEk4hs6xpr0up5ihV5L2H3JWw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-471>陶瓷喷嘴EAenZrEj0dV4uOay+p+ay3mK6774FO5RxM6oZWzjbmydtTcXjrqqRqJn5WDjREfB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-
----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
网约车系统⼆：使⽤证书搭建https
1、安装httpd :
cellid
[root@client ~]# yum -y install httpd另克
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/httpd/f
// 把 #ample:80 改成 ServerName 192.168.94.111:80
[root@client ~]# systemctl start httpd
2、client ⽣成证书请求⽂件
[root@client ~]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key
⽣成请求⽂件 :
[root@client ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key -out /server.csr
# 注意后期添加的国家，省，城市等信息要和CA保持⼀致
3、将证书请求⽂件发给CA服务器：
[root@client ~]# scp /server.csr 192.168.94.22:/tmp/
4、CA认证中⼼进⾏CA签名
[root@ca ~]# openssl ca -keyfile /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -cert /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -in /tmp/server.csr -out /
这⾥的认证中⼼进⾏的签名是⽤⾃⼰的私钥进⾏签名
5、CA认证中⼼进⾏颁发证书
在颁发之前，CA认证中⼼会使⽤⾃⼰的公钥进⾏加密
[root@ca ~]# scp / 192.168.94.111:/
三：使⽤证书实现https
SSL：(Secure Socket Layer)安全套接字层，通过⼀种机制在互联⽹上提供密钥传输其主要⽬标是保证两个应⽤间通信数据的保密性和可靠性，可在服务器端和⽤户端同时⽀持的⼀种加密算法⽬前主流版本SSLV2、SSL四次握⼿安全传输：
加密协议： SSL 3.0 或 TLS 1.0
C -------------------------------------------------> S 1. 请求⼀个安全的会话，协商算法
C <------------------------------------------------- S 2. 将⾃⼰Server端的证书给客户端，证书中包括了64⾃⼰的公钥
C -------------------------------------------------> S 3. 客户端⽤浏览器中存放CA的根证书检测client证书，如果对，使⽤CA根证书中的公钥解密得到CA的公钥；然后⽣成⼀把对称的加密密钥,⽤client的公钥加密这个密钥发
C <------------------------------------------------> S 4.client使⽤私钥解密，得到对称的加密密钥然后，使⽤对称加密密钥来进⾏安全快速传输数据
1、配置HTTPSweb服务器
[root@client ~]# yum -y install mod_ssl # 安装SSL模块
[root@client ~]# cp / /etc/httpd/conf.d/ # 复制证书
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.f
# SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/ 把路径改成/etc/httpd/conf.
# SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key 把路径改成/etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key
[root@client ~]# systemctl restart httpd
Enter SSL pass phrase for 192.168.94.111:443 (RSA) : ****** # 私钥密码
测试 :
[root@client ~]# netstat -antup | grep 443
tcp6 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 1634/httpd
到这就已经认证成功了但是没有被信任
查看⼀下证书
因为之前填写Common Name 是www.damowang的域名
修改物理机hosts⽂件
192.168.94.111 www.damowang
重新⽤域名访问应该就可以被信任了
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