redis消息队列（发布订阅）、持久化（RDB、AOF）、集
（cluster）
⼀：订阅：
192.168.10.205:6379> SUBSCRIBE test
(press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "subscribe"
2) "test"
3) (integer) 1
在另⼀个终端向订阅test发布消息：
127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH test1 hello
(integer) 0
上⼀个终端的订阅就收到了消息：
1) "message"
2) "test"
3) "hello"
⼆：redis持久化：
redis⽀持两种数据持久化，⼀种是rdb，会在指定的数据间隔内把内存的数据快照到⽂件，aof将所有服务端执⾏的命令备查，在服务重启的时候全部执⾏以此 rdb在断电的时候会丢失部分内⽹，aof不会
1、使⽤rdb持久化redis数据：
配置⽂件的快照时间设置：
快照是fork出⼀个当前的进程在后台进⾏快照，不会影响当前的进程，先写⼀个临时⽂件，写完以后将临时⽂件替换旧的⽂件。这个⽂件任何时候都是⼀个完整的副本
save 900 1 #900秒以内有1个key发⽣变化就快照
save 300 10 #300秒以内有10个key发⽣变化就快照
save 60 10000 #60秒内有10000个key变化就快照
rdbcompression yes #持久化到RDB⽂件时，是否压缩，“yes”为压缩，“no”则反之
rdbchecksum yes #读取和写⼊的时候是否⽀持CRC64校验，默认是开启的
dbfilename dump.rdb #保存的⽂件的名称
dir /usr/local/redis #快照⽂件的保存路径
SAVE 与 BGSAVE:
SAVE：阻塞保存
BGSAVE：在后台保存，不阻塞
KILL -9 会丢失⾃上次保存以后到现在的数据
2、使⽤AOF进⾏持久化：
appendonly yes #默认为no，改为yes
appendfilename "appendonly.aof" #保存的⽂件名，路径为rdb指定的file⽬录
关闭服务在启动即可
三：redis主从：
⼀个主服务器可以有多个从服务器，⽽且从服务器也可以有主服务器，主从复制时⾮阻塞的，通过fork主进程 主服务器收到从服务器的sync命令，就在后台执⾏bgsave，执⾏完毕后将保持的rdb⽂件发给客户端，客户端收到后将rdb载⼊到内存，新版本的⽀持增量备份
通过info命令查看默认配置：
# Replication
role:master #默认较⾊为主服务器
connected_slaves:0
master_repl_offset:0
地热电缆repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0
在从服务器执⾏命令：
127.0.0.1:6379> SLAVEOF 192.168.10.205 6379 #主服务器的地址和端⼝
OK
查看从服务器的info信息：
# Replication
role:slave #⾓⾊为从服务器
master_host:192.168.10.205 #主服务器的地址
master_port:6379 #主服务器的端⼝
master_link_status:up
master_last_io_seconds_ago:8
master_sync_in_progress:0
slave_repl_offset:29
slave_priority:100
slave_read_only:1
connected_slaves:0
master_repl_offset:0
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0
主服务器的状态信息：
# Replication
role:master #⾓⾊为主服务器
connected_slaves:1
slave0:ip=192.168.10.206,port=6379,state=online,offset=471,lag=0 #从服务器的地址和端⼝
master_repl_offset:471
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2
repl_backlog_histlen:470
从服务器⽆法写，如下：
127.0.0.1:6379> set a x
(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave.
三：redis集：
四种⼤⽅案：
1、客户端分⽚，优势是⽐较灵活，不存在单点故障，缺点是添加节点需要重新配置，数据要⼿动同步 2、代理：代理分⽚，有proxy代理取数据，可以为proxy配置算法，如Twemproxy
3、Redis Cluster：在3.0版本以后⽀持，⽆中⼼，在某种情况下会造成数据丢失
4、Coodis：豌⾖荚的开源⽅案
使⽤redis cluster：
需要⾄少6个机器，3主3从，下⾯创建8个客户端，另外2个做备⽤
先将配置⽂件复制到/opt，然后创建8个⽬录并⽣成8个不同端⼝、不同pid和不同rdb⽂件的f配置⽂件：
[root@node5 ~]# cd /opt/
[root@node5 opt]# mkdir `seq 7001 7008`
[root@node5 opt]# cp /etc/f .
[root@node5 opt]# sed 's/6379/7001/g' f >> f
正交相移键控
[root@node5 opt]# sed 's/7001/7002/g' f >> f
[root@node5 opt]# sed 's/7002/7003/g' f >> f
[root@node5 opt]# sed 's/7003/7004/g' f >> f
[root@node5 opt]# sed 's/7004/7005/g' f >> f
[root@node5 opt]# sed 's/7005/7006/g' f >> f
[root@node5 opt]# sed 's/7006/7007/g' f >> f
[root@node5 opt]# sed 's/7007/7008/g' f >> f
批量启动redis：
[root@node5 opt]# for i in `seq 7001 7008`;do cd /opt/$i && /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /opt/$f; done 确认端⼝都已经启动成功：
[root@node5 opt]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -p 7001
192.168.10.205:7001>
[root@node5 opt]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -p 7002
192.168.10.205:7002>
[root@node5 opt]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -p 7003
192.168.10.205:7003>
[root@node5 opt]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -p 7004
192.168.10.205:7004>
[root@node5 opt]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -p 7005
192.168.10.205:7005>
[root@node5 opt]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -p 7006
192.168.10.205:7006>
[root@node5 opt]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -p 7007
192.168.10.205:7007>
[root@node5 opt]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -p 7008
192.168.10.205:7008>
安装ruby管理⼯具：
[root@node5 opt]# yum install ruby rubygems -y
[root@node5 opt]# gem install redis
Successfully installed redis-3.2.2
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for redis-3.
Installing RDoc documentation for redis-3.2.2..
复制ruby的管理脚本：
[root@node5 ~]# cp /root/redis-3.0.7/src/redis-trib.rb /usr/local/bin/redis-trib #是⼀个ruby脚本，⽅便redis管理
功能介绍：
root@node5 ~]# redis-trib help
Usage: redis-trib <command> <options> <arguments ...>
help (show this help)
del-node host:port node_id #删除节点
reshard host:port #重新分⽚
--timeout <arg>
--pipeline <arg>
--slots <arg>
--to <arg>
--yes
--from <arg>
fix host:port
-
-timeout <arg>
create host1:port1 ... hostN:portN #创建集
--replicas <arg>
rebalance host:port
--timeout <arg>
--simulate
--pipeline <arg>
--threshold <arg>
--use-empty-masters
--auto-weights
--weight <arg>
call host:port command arg arg .. arg
add-node new_host:new_port existing_host:existing_port #添加节点
--slave
--master-id <arg>
check host:port #检测节点
import host:port
--replace
--copy
--from <arg>
set-timeout host:port milliseconds
info host:port
创建集：
[root@node5 ~]# redis-trib create --replicas 1 192.168.10.205:7001 192.168.10.205:7002 192.168.10.205:7003 192.168.10.205:7004 192.168.10.205:7005 192.168.10.205:7006 >>> Creating cluster
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on
Using 3 masters:
192.168.10.205:7001
192.168.10.205:7002
192.168.10.205:7003
Adding replica 192.168.10.205:7004 to 192.168.10.205:7001
Adding replica 192.168.10.205:7005 to 192.168.10.205:7002
Adding replica 192.168.10.205:7006 to 192.168.10.205:7003
M: 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4 192.168.10.205:7001
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
M: 5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6 192.168.10.205:7002
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
M: 8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35 192.168.10.205:7003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
S: 32d95f05196786500187137f30040968cc8b6521 192.168.10.205:7004
replicates 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4
S: 19806347e07d4b341e3ddff16136241d16e410c4 192.168.10.205:7005
replicates 5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6
S: 840e13e7cef0db82172fab8c50180088055ada60 192.168.10.205:7006
屏蔽玻璃
replicates 8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join..
脱水拖把>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.10.205:7001)
M: 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4 192.168.10.205:7001 #ID及IP和端⼝
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master #本机对应的分⽚位置，0-5460
M: 5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6 192.168.10.205:7002
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master #本机对应的分⽚位置，5461-10922 #ID及IP和端⼝
M: 8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35 192.168.10.205:7003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master #本机对应的分⽚位置，10923-16383 #ID及IP和端⼝自动排污阀
M: 32d95f05196786500187137f30040968cc8b6521 192.168.10.205:7004
slots: (0 slots) master
replicates 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4 #master的ID
M: 19806347e07d4b341e3ddff16136241d16e410c4 192.168.10.205:7005
slots: (0 slots) master
replicates 5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6 #master的ID
M: 840e13e7cef0db82172fab8c50180088055ada60 192.168.10.205:7006
slots: (0 slots) master
replicates 8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35 #master的ID
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for
>>> Check
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
连接到集：
[root@node5 ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -c -p 7001
查看集信息：
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:1
slave0:ip=192.168.10.205,port=7004,state=online,offset=407,lag=0
master_repl_offset:407
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2
repl_backlog_histlen:406
操作集：
192.168.10.205:7001> set key1 value1
-> Redirected to slot [9189] located at 192.168.10.205:7002
OK
192.168.10.205:7002> set key2 value2
-> Redirected to slot [4998] located at 192.168.10.205:7001
OK
192.168.10.205:7001> set key3 value3
OK
192.168.10.205:7001> set key4 value4
-> Redirected to slot [13120] located at 192.168.10.205:7003
OK
192.168.10.205:7003> set key5 value5
-> Redirected to slot [9057] located at 192.168.10.205:7002
OK
192.168.10.205:7002> set key6 value6
-> Redirected to slot [4866] located at 192.168.10.205:7001
OK
192.168.10.205:7001> set key7 value7
192.168.10.205:7001> set key8 value8
-> Redirected to slot [13004] located at 192.168.10.205:7003 #插⼊的数据是轮训写⼊到各个redis server
OK
cluster nodes：列出当前的主从
192.168.10.205:7003> CLUSTER nodes
8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35 192.168.10.205:7003 myself,master - 0 0 3 connected 10923-16383
5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6 192.168.10.205:7002 master - 0 1458558870837 2 connected 5461-10922
32d95f05196786500187137f30040968cc8b6521 192.168.10.205:7004 slave 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4 0 1458558869829 4 connected 840e13e7cef0db82172fab8c50180088055ada60 192.168.10.205:7006 slave 8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35 0 1458558868820 6 connected 19806347e07d4b341e3ddff16136241d16e410c4 192.168.10.205:7005 slave 5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6 0 1458558870334 5 connected 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4 192.168.10.205:7001 master - 0 1458558869829 1 connected 0-5460
cluster info：当前的状态：
192.168.10.205:7003> CLUSTER INFO
cluster_state:ok
高频淬火工艺cluster_slots_assigned:16384
cluster_slots_ok:16384
cluster_slots_pfail:0
cluster_slots_fail:0
cluster_known_nodes:6
cluster_size:3
cluster_current_epoch:6
cluster_my_epoch:3
cluster_stats_messages_sent:2911
cluster_stats_messages_received:2911
向集中添加节点：
[root@node5 ~]# redis-trib add-node 192.168.10.205:7007 192.168.10.205:7001
要添加的节点和端⼝添加到的⽬的节点和端⼝
[root@node5 ~]# redis-trib add-node 192.168.10.205:7007 192.168.10.205:7001
>>> Adding node 192.168.10.205:7007 to cluster 192.168.10.205:7001
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.10.205:7001)
M: 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4 192.168.10.205:7001
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35 192.168.10.205:7003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 840e13e7cef0db82172fab8c50180088055ada60 192.168.10.205:7006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35
M: 5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6 192.168.10.205:7002
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 32d95f05196786500187137f30040968cc8b6521 192.168.10.205:7004
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4
S: 19806347e07d4b341e3ddff16136241d16e410c4 192.168.10.205:7005
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for
>>> Check
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
>>> Send CLUSTER MEET to node 192.168.10.205:7007 to make it join the cluster.
[OK] New node added correctly.
添加主机以后需要重新分⽚：
[root@node5 ~]# redis-trib reshard 192.168.10.205:7007
连接到新添加的节点查询信息：
[root@node5 ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.205 -p 7007
192.168.10.205:7007> KEYS *
(empty list or set)
192.168.10.205:7007> CLUSTER NODES
5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6 192.168.10.205:7002 master - 0 1458560205983 2 connected 5728-10922
8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35 192.168.10.205:7003 master - 0 1458560204471 3 connected 11189-16383
19a5bb651f4b182a0e3dd49154323d31c1524167 192.168.10.205:7007 myself,master - 0 0 7 connected 0-265 5461-5727 10923-11188 #已经有了分⽚信息19806347e07d4b341e3ddff16136241d16e410c4 192.168.10.205:7005 slave 5d1ccd0b651b135bbc5e91976aff91ce3e33b0b6 0 1458560204977 2 connected 840e13e7cef0db82172fab8c50180088055ada60 192.168.10.205:7006 slave 8f2f43ef9008f299786b3f02446a0ac0d20dde35 0 1458560205482 3 connected 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4 192.168.10.205:7001 master - 0 1458560204471 1 connected 266-5460
32d95f05196786500187137f30040968cc8b6521 192.168.10.205:7004 slave 9db0386330f3d66d0c7cac48dbf2dda1972c96c4 0 1458560204977 1 connected 为新添加的主节点添加从节点：
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