摘要
随着化学镀技术的进展，多元合金化学镀成为化学镀的研究热点，这一领域的开发将使化学镀镍基合金的应用范围大大拓展。化学镀Ni-P层有非常好的特性，譬如高强度耐磨性，抗腐蚀性质。还根据需要实现了镍与铜、钴、钨等的化学共沉积，以满足合金镀层的高硬度、耐热、耐腐蚀和功能性的要求，使化学镀镍基合金的性质得到了大大的改进。Co的加入可以改进Ni-P镀层磁性，减少剩磁，实现产品的磁性能、高抗腐蚀性和轻重量的要求，这些都是电子产品所必需的。在总结前人工作的基础上，对基体的前处理工艺、镀液的组成及配比，电镀工艺条件等进行了详细的研究。通过对镀层性能和抗腐蚀能力等方面的检测 ，结合机理的分析，得出以下实验结论： 通过查阅大量资料和前期探索试验,改进了镀液组成,获得最佳镀液为:
硫酸镍(NiSO4·6H2O):9g/L,次磷酸钠(NaH2PO2·H2固态负氢离子O ):50g/L,柠檬酸钠（Na3C6H5O7·2H2O):50g/L,硫酸钴(CoSO4·7H2O):14g/L,硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4·7H2O) :14g/L。对影响化学镀Ni-Co-P合金的工艺条件：温度，时间，还原剂用量的大量试验研究。在此基础上,通过正交设计试验和其结果的分析得出了最佳工艺条件为:镀液温度:75℃ ；电镀时间:2小时 ；pH值为9。
镀层性能测试显示:镀层与基体之间结合力良好；镀层细致、均匀、平整、无任何漏镀,而且不仅有很好的实用性，而且还有的装饰性。
关键词：
化学镀；Ni-Co-P合金；磁性镀层
Abstratct
Multicomponent electroless nickel plating to become hot, with the electroless plating technology continues to progress, greatly expand the development of this area will enable the electroless nickel plating range of applications.Electroless plating Ni-P layer has very good features, such as wear resistance of high strength, corrosion resistance, good electromagnetic nature.Also need to implement a chemical co-deposition of nickel and copper, cobalt, tungsten, in order to meet the high hardness of the alloy coating, heat, corrosion-resistant requirements, the electroless plating of Ni-P layer properties can be greatly improved.
Aluminum alloys have low density, high strength, high conductivity, good thermal conductivity, easy processing and good corrosion resistance characteristics, it is ideal for light weight requirements of the electronics industry, the aluminum has been widely used.Aluminum surface oxide film in acid and alkali environment corrosion, electroless plating Ni-Co-P layer is both hard and acid, can be a good solution to this deficiency.
Of Co, resulting in crystallization temperature, thereby improving the thermal stability of the coating and weld ability.Also the coating has good electrical conductivity and low residual magnetism.Co. as a ferromagnetic material, can improve the coercivity of the Ni-P coating, to reduce the remanence, high corrosion resistance, strong electromagnetic shielding properties and light weight requirements, these are electronic products need.Due to the choice of bath conditions and other factors will affect the quality of the coating, so research in this area has become very important.Current research focuses on the electroless plating of Ni-CoP in the plating process, plating rate, crystallization behavior, hardness, corrosion resistance, weldability sex.C (Co) and the pH value of activation energy structure of the magnetic impact is relatively small.The existence of plat
ing rate and the bath instability, the plating process pH changes and other issues.And Ni-Co-P electroless plating on non-metallic base relative to the less.
On the basis of previous work on the substrate pre-treatment process, the bath composition and the ratio of plating conditions, a detailed study.On film composition, structure and other aspects of analysis, combined with the analysis of the mechanism, to come to the following experimental results.
Copper-based pre-treatment in the the HNO3 retreat zinc solution, the addition of HF (1HF HNO3) can reduce the interface residues in a dip galvanized zinc ions to remove surface metal impurity ions to improve the combination of strength and corrosion resistance.
Two.Co2 concentration of 0.006mol · L-1, pH 8.5 bath stability and plating rate is moderate, good quality of the coating.
3.Benchmark bath, Ni-Co-P coating, the residual magnetization Mr as low as include about 1.0emu / g.
4.Ni-Co-P bath, Co2 / of Ni2 = 1, pH = 9, the coating obtained is uniform and compact, high hardness, the coating at 400 ° C heat treatment 1h, the coercivity Hc and remanence Mr markedly enhanced.
Key words: electroless plating; corrosion; crystalline; magnetic properties
引言………………………………………………………………………1
正文………………………………………………………………………1
、1.1化学镀镍基合金概述…………………………………………1
1.1.1化学镀镍基合金技术………………………………………1防辐射口罩
1.1.2化学镀镍基合金的发展趋势………………………………3
半夏去皮机 1.2 化学镀Ni-Co-P三元合金………………………………… 5
1.2.1 Ni-Co-P三元合金化学镀理论基础………………………5
1.2.2 Ni-Co-P合金化学镀层的应用以及现状……………… 11
1.3 选题意义以及主要工作内容………………………………15
二、2.1工艺参数镀液组分以及热处理对镀层的影响………………17
2.1.1前处理的影响…………………………………………………17
蓄电池模拟器 2.2施镀工艺的影响…………………………………………………19
2.2.1pH值的影响……………………………………………………19
2.2.2温度的影响……………………………………………………22
2.3镀液组成的影响…………………………………………………25
风湿油 2.3.1c(H2PO2)对沉积速度的影响…………………………………25
三、正交设计实验…………………………………………………… 26温度自动控制系统
3.1正交试验的设计表及评分标准…………………………………26
3.2正交设计试验结果……………………………………………… 27
3.3试验样品检验 ………………………………………………… 31
结论……………………………………………………………………28
参考文献………………………………………………………………33
致谢……………………………………………………………………
引 言引言不写标题
传统的电镀工艺，是利用外电流将镀液中的金属离子在阴极上还原成金属的过程。而化学镀(electrolessplating)反应，是通过氧化还原反应将金属离子还原成金属的化学沉积过程，无外加的电流，这是不同于电镀的特点。但反应必须在具有自催化的表面进行，因此反应又称为自催化镀(autocatalyticplating)。化学镀的金属沉积过程【l】：
化学镀镍基合金是用还原剂R把溶液中的金属离子Mn+还原并沉积在具有催化活性的表面上，反应式为
Rn+→R(n+k)+ke
Mk++ke→M
1944年A．Brenner和G．Riddell进行第一次化学镀镍实验，此后人们进得了大量的实验研究。1959年G．Gutgeit在A．Brenner和G．Riddell工作的基础上系统地论述了化学镀镍的机理，还原剂、络合剂的性质和作用，成为化学镀镍的理论基础。
电子计算机、通信等高新技术产业的迅速发展，为化学镀提供了发展的空间，作为一种新型的表面处理技术，化学镀Ni合金工艺在很多领域显示了其优越性。包括工艺简便、节能、环保等，日益受到关注。化学镀应用广，镀层均匀、装饰性好。在防护功能性方面，能提高产品的耐磨耐蚀性，提高加工件的导电性、润滑性能等，成为发展快速的表面处理技术。电子、计算机、机械、能源、化工、航空航天、汽车、模具医疗器件等被广泛应用。按化学镀镍的基材分类，市场占有量最大的是碳钢和铸铁，约71％，铝及有金属占20％，合金钢6％，其他塑料、陶瓷等3％，电子计算机、航空航天、机械、石油化工等应用最广【l】。
总之，化学镀镍含以下优点：应用广泛，在金属和非金属镀件上均可以镀膜，包括塑料、陶瓷等材料镀件；均匀性好，根据化学镀的特点，自催化反应在镀件表面进行，各种形状的镀件基本都可以实现化学镀；高硬度，耐磨；结合性好，不易脱落；耐腐蚀性好。此外，P的加入可以来控制镀层的电导率，实现所需的电特性。
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