次氯酸钠氧化-A_O工艺联合处理电镀废水的试验研究

摘要

电镀废水成分复杂、污染物浓度高、可生化性差，通常含有难降解有机污染物、重金属离子、氨氮、酸碱类物质、剧毒物质等，如果不经过深度处理而直接排放，将会造成严重的环境污染，甚至威胁人类生命，电镀废水的成分通常与电镀企业的工艺条件、生产负荷、操作方式等多种因素有关。

随着电镀废水排放标准的日益提高，氨氮的排放标准也越来越高，电镀废水经过常规工艺处理后，部分企业的出水氨氮仍不能达标排放，因此，如何去除电镀废水中的氨氮，这是目前面临的一个难题。

本试验以深圳市坪山区某光电厂电镀除油废水为试验原水，采用次氯酸钠氧化-A/O工艺联合处理电镀废水。原水水质指标如下:COD=300~340mg/L，B/C=0.29~0.32，NH4-N=100~120mg/L，pH=7.0～8.0，SS=8~10mg/L。

次氯酸钠氧化法的最佳反应条件如下：常温条件下，当m(Cl2):m(N)=5:1，反应时间为5min，初始pH值在6～7之间，次氯酸钠对电镀废水中氨氮的处理效果好，氨氮去除率高达85.5%，剩余氨氮浓度为14.5mg/L，符合电镀废水排放标准中的氨氮排放标准，说明了采用次氯酸钠氧化法去除电镀废水中的氨氮是可行的，同时也证明了十二烷基苯磺酸钠的存在会影响次氯酸钠的稳定性。

A/O工艺的运行分为三个阶段：启动阶段、驯化阶段、调试阶段。A/O工艺处理电镀废水时的最佳运行条件如下：水力停留时间为12h，硝化液回流比为200%，溶解氧浓度为2～3mg/L，预处理水投加量为120mL/L。在此运行条件下，氨氮、总氮、COD去除率分别为61.7%、50.48%、83.55%，出水COD浓度基本保持在80mg/L 以下，满足电镀废水排放标准。

为了进一步研究A/O工艺的脱氮除碳机理，本试验采用16S rDNA高通量测序

吉林建筑大学工程硕士学位论文

技术对A/O工艺中的活性污泥进行了微生物落结构分析，测序结果如下:A/O工艺中的优势菌门为Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes，优势菌纲为Gammaproteobacteria、Bacteroidia、Deltaproteobacteria，优势菌目为Betaproteobacteriales、Chitinophagales、Myxococcales，优势菌科为Chitinophagaceae、Haliangiaceae、Burkholderiaceae、Rhodocyclaceae，优势菌属为Haliangium，在不同的微生物菌共同作用下，电镀废水中复杂的有机污染物得以有效降解。

关键词：电镀废水；次氯酸钠氧化；A/O工艺；生物脱氮除碳；高通量测序；微生物落结构

Abstract

Electroplating wastewater had complex composition,high concentration of pollutants, poor biodegradability,it usually contained refractory organic pollutants,heavy metal ions, NH4-N,acid-base substances,highly toxic substances cyanide and so on,if it was discharged directly without advanced treatment,it will cause serious environmental pollution and even threaten human life,the composition of electroplating wastewater was usually related to the process conditions,production load,operation mode and other factors of electroplating enterprises.

With the improvement of the discharge standard of electroplating wastewater,the discharge standard of NH4-N was higher and higher,after the treatment of electroplating wastewater by conventional process,the effluent NH4-N of some enterprises still can not meet the discharge standard.Therefore,how to remove NH4-N from electroplating wastewater was a difficult problem at present.

Electroplating and deoiling wastewater from a photoelectric factory in Pingshan district of Shenzhen was used as raw water in this experiment,NaClO oxidation-A/O process was used to treat electroplating wastewater.Raw water quality indicators are as follows:COD=300~340mg/L,B/C=0.29~0.32,NH4-N=100~120mg/L,pH=7.0~8.0.

The best reaction conditions of NaClO oxidation method were as follows:at room temperature,when m(Cl2):m(N)=5:1,the reaction time was5min,the initial pH value was between6and7,NaClO had a good treatment effect on NH4-N in electroplating wastewater,the removal rate of NH4-N was as high as85.5%,the residual NH4-N concentration was14.5mg/L,according to the standard of NH4-N discharge in

吉林建筑大学工程硕士学位论文

高效除雾器electroplating wastewater,it was feasible to remove NH4-N from electroplating wastewater by NaClO oxidation,and it was also proved that the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate can affect the stability of NaClO.

A/O process operation was divided into three stages:startup stage,domestication stage,commissioning stage.The optimum operating conditions for the treatment of electroplating wastewater by A/O process were as follows:the hydraulic retention time was12h,the reflux ratio of nitrifying liquid was200%,the dissolved oxygen concentration was2~3mg/L,the amount of pretreatment water was120mL/L.Under this operating condition,the removal rates of NH4-N,TN,COD were61.7%,50.48%,83.55%, respectively,the effluent COD concentration was basically kept below80mg/L,which met the discharge standard of electroplating wastewater.

墨菲氏滴管

In order to further study the mechanism of nitrogen and carbon removal in A/O process,16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial community structure of activated sludge in A/O process.The results of sequencing were as follows:the dominant bacteria phylum in A/O process were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,the dominant bacteria class were Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia,Deltaproteobacteria,the dominant bacteria order were Betaproteobacteriales, Chitinophagales,Myxococcales,the dominant bacteria family were Chitinophagaceae, Haliangiaceae,Burkholderiaceae,Rhodocyclaceae,the dominant bacteria genus was Haliangium,the complex organic pollutants in electroplating wastewater can be effectively degraded under the combined action of different microbial flora.

Key words:electroplating wastewater;NaClO oxidation;A/O process;biological nitrogen and carbon removal;high throughput sequencing;microbial community structure

摘要............................................................................................................................III 目录..................

线路保护........................................................................................................V 第1章绪论.. (1)

珍珠风>隔墙偷听器1.1课题来源与研究背景 (1)

1.2电镀废水中有机污染物的来源 (2)

1.2.1电镀前处理工艺 (2)

1.2.2电镀工艺 (3)

1.2.3电镀后处理工艺 (4)

1.3电镀废水处理技术 (5)

1.3.1次氯酸钠氧化法 (5)

1.3.2化学沉淀法 (6)

1.3.3Fenton氧化法 (7)

1.3.4臭氧氧化法 (9)

1.3.5混凝沉淀法 (10)

1.3.6吸附法 (11)

1.3.7微电解法 (12)分体挂壁式空调

1.4研究意义、目的、内容 (13)

1.4.1研究意义 (13)

1.4.2研究目的 (14)

1.4.3研究内容 (14)

第2章试验材料与检测方法 (16)

本文发布于:2024-09-23 10:22:53，感谢您对本站的认可！

本文链接：https://www.17tex.com/tex/2/190203.html

上一篇：传统白酒发酵过程中微生物种类及功能研究进展

下一篇：铁碳微电解对低碳氮比污水生物反硝化作用影响研究

标签：电镀废水工艺排放处理

留言与评论（共有 0 条评论）