摘要
车载自组织网络（Vanet Ad Hoc Networks,V ANET）由于其自身所蕴含的巨大潜力，近年来受到了国内外政府和科研机构的密切关注。作为智能交通系统（Intelligent Transport System,ITS）的重要组成部分，车载自组织网络可以实现碰撞预警，变道提醒等辅助驾驶的功能，从而帮助车辆用户获取一个更加安全便捷的驾驶环境。此外，车载自组织网络还蕴含着巨大的经济效益。基于车载自组织网络，服务提供商可以向用户提供有针对性的定制服务，如网络接入，广告推送等。因此车载自组织网络是一个有重要实际应用价值和极具发展前景的网络。 然而由于车载自组织网络是部署在公共区域使用的网络，并且是基于无线自组织网络的结构组成的，因此车载自组织网络在使用过程中将面临很多攻击和破坏，如信息伪造篡改，拒绝服务，重放攻击等。加之车辆往往和驾驶员的个人隐私信息密切相关，车辆在网络内通信过程中也会面临着隐私泄露的危险。因此，为了让车载自组织网络得到推广和使用，我们必须要考虑其安全与隐私保护通信问题。
鉴于车载自组织网络的网络拓扑结构变换快，实时性要求高，无线网络链接质量不稳定等特点，我们需要为车载自组织网络研发专用的安全通信协议。并且在保障其通信安全的同时，还要保障其良好的网络运行性能。风叶
本文针对车载自组织网络的特点，对其安全和隐私保护通信协议展开讨论和研究，主要成果如下：
1.对车载自组织网络中的安全需求，以及主要解决方法进行总结和分析。特别
的，针对现有的安全应用和增值应用下安全和隐私保护通信协议分别进行回顾和讨论。
2.在安全应用场景下，提出了一个基于身份的安全与隐私保护通信协议。协议
使用了基于身份的签密技术和批验证技术。车辆使用基于身份的签密算法加入由RSU管理的车辆，并获取秘密值。然后车辆借助秘密值生成一次性的签名密钥对消息进行签名。
3.在增值应用场景下，讨论了一个已有的通信协议的安全隐患，并给出了一个
改进的安全与隐私保护通信协议方案。在协议中，车辆被分配到不同的车辆中，然后借助签名技术从服务提供商处获取服务会话密钥。协议还提出了一个新的成员撤销机制，保障了车辆撤销后的隐私不会被泄露。
4.完成了文中所提出的通信协议模拟仿真及数据分析工作。使用NS2，
VanetMobiSim,Miracl等工具，对所提协议进行验证和性能评估。特别的，我们构建了一个城市道路的仿真环境，并从丢包率和消息延迟两个角度评估协议的性能。最后，我们通过实验数据分析证明协议的有效可行性。
关键词：车载自组织网络，车辆安全，隐私保护，增值服务，数字签名.
Abstract
Vehicular ad hoc network(V ANET)has recently received considerable attention for its substantial benefits.As V ANET is playing an important role in the Intelligent Transport System,it can achieve kinds of goals to assist driving,such as pre-crash warning,lane change warning,etc.As a result,users can gain a safe and convenient driving situation. Besides,V ANET also promises extensive economic profits.The service providers are able to supply desirable services for customers based on V ANETs,such as the Internet access,advertisements recommendations and so on.Therefore,V ANETs is such a kind of network with practical value and meaningful prospects.
However,since V ANET is deployed in public areas and is kind of wireless ad hoc network,it may suffer from lots of attacks and ,message modification, deny of service,reply attacks).Moreover,vehicles are also closely related to the personal information of drivers,which implies the risk of privacy leakage.Therefore,to widely deploy V ANETs,it is essential to consider the security and privacy-preserving issues during the communications.
V ANETs have many special characters.For instances,the topologic of V ANETs changes frequently
and it has a strict limitation on real-time transportation and not stable wireless connections.Due to these reasons,we have to develop special communication protocols for V ANETs,which should promise a good network performance and ensure the security requirements at the same time.
This thesis mainly discusses the secure and privacy-preserving protocols for the V ANET based on its special requirements.The main contributions of this thesis is as follows:
1.Review the basic security requirements of V ANETs and their main corresponding
转基因鸡solutions.Specially,a review and discussion on the secure and privacy-preserving protocols for safety-related applications and value added services is given.
三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯
2.For the safety-related applications,an improved identity based secure and privacy-
preserving protocols is presented.It utilizes the identity based signcryption tech-nique and batch verification technique to construct the protocol.Vehicles gain the secrets from the RSU maintained groups by identity based signcryption technique.
Then,they sign messages based on the one-time use signing keys,which can be derived from the secrets.
3.An improved secure and privacy-preserving scheme for the value added services
in V ANETs is brought out.We discuss an exiting secure protocol for V ANETs and point out its weakness in the privacy leakage,then we propose an improved version.
In the improved version,vehicles are distributed into different groups,which are maintained by different RSUs.Vehicles achieve the session keys based on a group signature algorithm.A new member revocation mechanism is also presented,which protect the privacy of revoked vehicles.
4.The model simulation and data analysis of the proposed protocols are realized in
this thesis.NS2,VanetMobiSim and Miracl are exploited in the simulation and analysis,which prove the correctness and evaluate the performance of the whole protocol.Specially,we build a city-based scenario for the simulation and evaluate the performance from the view of message loss rate and message time delay.Fi-nally,it proves that the proposed protocols are practical and efficient by analyzing simulation results.
Keywords:Vehicle Ad Hoc Network,Vehicle Security,Privacy-preserving,Value Added Services,Digital Signature.
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目录
幻听的中药第一章绪论1
1.1研究背景 (1)
1.2车载自组织网络 (4)
1.3研究现状 (8)
火筒式加热炉1.4安全和隐私保护通信协议的研究现状 (14)
1.5内容安排 (20)
第二章预备知识23
2.1几个困难问题 (23)
2.2双线性映射 (24)
2.3签名 (25)
2.4基于化名的认证 (27)
2.5签密 (29)
2.6批验证 (30)
2.7仿真工具介绍 (31)
第三章安全应用中的安全和隐私保护协议35
3.1系统结构 (35)
3.2安全需求 (36)
3.3协议说明 (38)
3.4安全性分析 (43)
3.5实验仿真 (45)
3.6性能评估 (48)
第四章增值应用中的安全和隐私保护协议53
4.1系统结构 (54)
4.2安全需求 (55)
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