山东农业大学
硕士学位论文
防治甜菜夜蛾药剂对天敌安全性评价和增效剂的增效作用
姓名：***
申请学位级别：硕士
专业：农药学手机背光源
指导教师：***
2011-06-15
山东农业大学硕士学位论文
中文摘要
为降低防治甜菜夜蛾的杀虫剂使用量，提高杀虫效果，本文以甜菜夜蛾为试虫，测定了酶抑制剂、阳离子助剂1227、C8-10和有机硅Breakthru S240对甜菜夜蛾防治药剂的增效作用，同时测定了不同浓度三种助剂对水溶液的表面张力、扩展直径和在甘蓝叶片最大稳定持留量的影响，并对阳离子1227对毒死蜱的增效机理进行了探讨。为减小杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾天敌的杀伤，评价了九种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾天敌异瓢虫、中华通草蛉、马尼拉陡胸茧蜂、黑卵蜂不同发育虫态的影响。主要结果如下： 1.点滴法测定酶抑制剂对四种甜菜夜蛾防治药剂的增效作用，PBO、TPP、DEM、SV14种酶抑制剂在甜菜夜蛾上对虫螨腈和茚虫威均表现为抑制作用，增效比为0.25～0.96；PBO、TPP、DEM、SV1四种酶抑制剂在甜菜夜蛾上对甲维盐和虫酰肼表现为增效作用，增效倍数均介于1.22～4.2之间。
2. 采用虫体浸渍法研究了阳离子助剂1227、C8-10和有机硅助剂Breakthru S240对高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱、溴虫腈在甜菜夜蛾幼虫上的增效作用。为明确三种助剂对水溶液物理性状的影响，测定了不同浓度三种助剂水溶液的表面张力、扩展直径和在甘蓝叶片最大稳定持留量。增效研究表明，C8-10、1227对三种药剂增效比在一定范围内均随助剂浓度的增
加而增大，且浓度在300 mg·L-1、900 mg·L-1时增效最显著，增效比在1.2-2.5之间。Breakthru S240对三种药剂的增效作用略低于C8-10和1227，浓度为900 mg·L-1时，增效比在1.5-2.0之间。物理性状测定结果显示，浓度为900 mg·L-1时， Breakthru S240和C8-10溶液表面张力降为20 mN/m，分别比水溶液低
3.79和3.31倍；Breakthru S240溶液扩展直径接近180 mm，是水溶液的2.76倍；Breakthru S240、C8-10、1227在甘蓝叶片上最大稳定持留量为5.0-5.6 μg/cm2，约为水溶液的3倍。研究结果为三种助剂在杀虫剂领域的进一步开发提供了一定的依据。
弱碱性水机3. 本研究对阳离子1227的增效机制进行了探讨，表皮穿透实验表明处理后6h，阳离子1227浓度为90 mg·L-1和810 mg·L-1时穿透量分别达52.84% and 50.24%，明显高于对照和10 mg·L-1的38.06% and 36.49%，扫描电镜观察显示，阳离子1227浓度为10 mg·L-1，90 mg·L-1和810 mg·L-1时，甜菜夜蛾幼虫表皮与对照相比蜡层变疏松，间隙变大，但差异不明显，且阳离子1227 10 mg·L-1，90 mg·L-1和810 mg·L-1三浓度之间无明显差异。同时生化试验测定表明，阳离子1227对羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶无明显影响。
混凝土砌块成型机
防治甜菜夜蛾药剂对天敌安全性评价和增效剂的增效作用
4. 采用浸虫法和药膜法测定了九种杀虫剂对异瓢虫、中华通草蛉、马尼拉陡胸茧蜂和黑卵蜂不同发育虫态的影响。实验表明，马尼拉陡胸茧蜂成虫和黑卵蜂成虫对九种杀虫剂均表现出较高敏感性，LC10均低于0.65 mg·L-1，但异瓢虫成虫和中华通草蛉成虫对九种杀虫剂敏感性较低，LC10在1×10-5 mg·L-1和22.52 mg·L-1之间。且九种杀虫剂降解动态显示其对寄生性天敌马尼拉陡胸茧蜂成虫和黑卵蜂成虫的毒性残留时间长于其对捕食性天敌异瓢虫成虫和中华通草蛉成虫的毒性残留时间。九种杀虫剂浸虫法处理异瓢虫、中华通草蛉、马尼拉陡胸茧蜂和黑卵蜂四种天敌的蛹表明，除毒死蜱、灭多威和虫酰肼对异瓢虫蛹显示了中等毒性，LC10分别为128.94, 52.77, 39.6 mg·L-1外，其它处理均未显示出直接影响。九种杀虫剂处理四种天敌幼虫试验表明，异瓢虫幼虫对九种杀虫剂均表现出了较高敏感性，LC10在3.5×10-3 mg·L-1和2.86 mg·L-1之间，同时九种杀虫剂对中华通草蛉幼虫和黑卵蜂幼虫未显示出直接毒性。且九种药剂对马尼拉陡胸茧蜂的毒性与其对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的毒力密切相关。
关键词：甜菜夜蛾；增效剂；助剂；增效作用；自然天敌；安全性
煤气化技术
山东农业大学硕士学位论文
The safety evaluation of insecticides on the natural enemies of spodoptera exigua and synergism of synergists
Abstract
In order to reduce the use of insecticides, increase control effect of insecticides, the synergism of enzyme inhibitors, 1227, C8-10 and silicone breakthru S240 to insecticides on igua were studied. meanwhile, we investigate the surface tentions, the expanded diameter and the maximum retention on cabbage leaves of 1227, C8-10 and silicone breakthru S240 solution of different concentration, and synergistic mechanism of cationic 1227 igua were studied. In order to reduce the destruction of insecticides to natural enemies igua, we investigate the effect of 9 insecticides on the development of H. axyridis,C. sinica, S. manilae and T. remus. The results were as follow.
1. The experiment of interaction of enzyme inhibitors with insecticides indicated that four different enzyme inhibitors showed obvious restraint to chlorfenapyr and indoxacarb (Synergism ratio between 0.25 and 0.96). And four different enzyme inhibitors showed synergism to methomyl, emamectin benzoate and tebufenozide on S. exigua, Synergism ratio between 1.22 and 4.
2.
2. In order to provide theoretical proofs for the application of two cationic adjuvants and silicone Breakthru S240, the synergism of three adjuvants to beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and chlorfenapyr on 3rd-instar larvae of the Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) were studied by dipping method. Herein we investigate the surface tentions, the expanded diameter and the maximum retention on cabbage leaves of 1227, C8-10 and silicone breakthru S240 solution of different concentration. Synergism experiment showed the synergism ratios of C8-10 and 1227 on beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and chlorfenapyr were enhanced as the adjuvants concentration increased on Spodoptera exi
脑根gua(Hübner). The synergism ratio of C8-10 and 1227 between 1.2 and 2.5 at the concentration of 300 mg·L-1, 900 mg·L-1, and the synergism ratio of silicone breakthrough S240 to beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and chlorfenapyr varied from 1.5 to 2.0 at the concentration of 900 mg·L-1. The surface tensions of silicone breakthrough S240 and C8-10 water solution were 20 mN/m at the concentration of 900 mg·L-1, which were
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