循环流化床(CFB)电站锅炉简介Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler Introduction 1 循环流化床（CFB）锅炉技术介绍A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler technology introduced 1．1 基本设备1.1 Basic equipment 循环流化床锅炉包括本体设备和辅助系统两部分。CFB锅炉本体由炉膛及布风装置、循环灰分离器、回料阀、尾部受热面竖井烟道及可以加置的外置式循环灰换热器组成。CFB boiler including body systems and auxiliary equipment two parts. CFB body are compose of boiler furnace and air distribution device, loop ash separator, return valve, silo flue of heating surface and external circulating ask heat exchanger. 循环流化床锅炉主要辅助系统包括风烟系统、煤制备系统、石灰石制备系统、灰渣处理系统、燃油点火启动系统、热控系统。 The main auxiliary systems of circulating fluidized bed boiler system including Wind and Smoke, coal preparation system, limestone preparation system, ash handling system, fuel i gnition system, thermal control systems.
1．2 技术流派
1.2 Technical Schools
目前，世界上循环流化床锅炉的主要炉型为：德国Lurgi型、芬兰Pyroflow型、美国FW型、德国Circofluid型和内循环型。
Currently, the world's major circulating fluidized bed boiler furnace are: the German-based Lurgi, Finland Pyroflow type, United States FW type, Germany Circofluid type and inner circular type.
1．3 主要技术性能
1.3 Main technical performance
依燃用煤种不同，循环流化床锅炉燃烧效率约为97％～ 99％，锅炉热效率约为90％～91％，蒸汽参数已达亚临界。循环流化床锅炉具有优良的低负荷(30％MCR)运行能力，适合电网负荷调峰。
According to different burning coal, circulating fluidized bed boiler combustion efficiency is about 97% ~ 99%, the boiler thermal efficiency is about 90% to 91%, the critical steam pa
rameters have been subcritical. Circulating fluidized bed boiler has an excellent low load (30% MCR) operation capability, suitable for power grid load peaking.
循环流化床燃烧技术具有以下特点：气固混合很好；燃烧速率高，特别是对粗颗粒燃料；绝大部分未燃尽的燃料被再循环至炉膛，因而其燃烧效率可与煤粉炉相媲美，通常达到97.5％～99.5％。
Circulating fluidized bed combustion technology has the following characteristics: good gas-solid mixture; burning rate is high, especially for coarse particles of fuel; most of the unburned fuel to be recycled to the furnace, which may be pulverized coal combustion efficiency comparable, usually 97.5% ~ 99.5%.
2 国内外CFB锅炉的发展和应用
2 domestic and foreign development and application of CFB boiler
自1979年热功率为15MW的首台商业化循环流化床锅炉在芬兰Pihlava投运以来，循环流化床锅炉得到较快发展。
Since 1979, the first thermal power station for the 15MW CFB boiler commercial put into operation in Pihlava of Finland,the circulating fluidized bed boilers become rapid develop
ment.
国外工业国家侧重于用流化床燃烧方式减少S02和NOx排放，减轻大气污染，进而较快地应用于电站锅炉，以满足其严格的环境保护法规，容量和技术水平提高均较快。
Foreign industrial countries focus on the use of fluidized bed combustion to reduct of NOx and S02 emissions, reduce air pollution, and then quickly applied to utility boilers to meet its strict environmental laws and regulations, capacity and technology are rapidly improving.
为了吸收和借鉴国外CFB锅炉的先进技术和成功经验，1987年，引进国外先进设备，建立了我国100MW CFB锅炉示范电站。引进示范工程建在我国重点高硫煤地区之一的四川省，100MWCFB锅炉发电机组安装在四川内江发电总厂高坝发电厂。
In order to absorb and learn the advanced technology of foreign CFB boiler and successful experience in 1987, the introduction of foreign advanced equipment, the establishment of a demonstration power plant in China 100MW CFB boiler. The introduction of demonstration projects built in one of China's key high-sulfur coal in Sichuan Province, 100MW CFB boiler units installed in Gaoba power plant of Sicun Neijia
ng General Power Plant.
内江1OOMW CFB示范锅炉自1996年投运以来，总体运行情况良好，特别是高效低排放的特点、良好的调峰性能和稳定的低负荷运行能力得到了充分的体现，对我国循环流化床锅炉产业的发展起到了积极的示范和推动作用。
Model Neijiang 1OOMW CFB boiler has been put into operation since 1996, the overall performed well, particularly the characteristics of highly efficient with low emissions, excellent load performance and stability at low load capacity has been fully manifested, circulating fluidized bed boiler in China industry play a positive role model and promote.
内江100MW CFB锅炉示范工程的建立和消化吸收研究课题的完成，积极地推动了我国CFB锅炉技术进步，为国产CFB锅炉及辅助配套系统设备的研制提供了可以实际应用的大量技术数据和技术资料，为大型CFB电站锅炉的产业化发展和实际应用打下了坚实的基础。
Neijiang 100MW CFB boiler demonstration project and digestive absorption of the establishment of projects completed, actively promoted the China CFB boiler technology progress, provides some practical applications wealth of technical data and technical infor
mation for domestic CFB boiler and auxiliary system equipment research, laying a solid foundation for large CFB boiler of industrial development and practical application.
经过10多年的研究和实践，国内一批技术实力雄厚、多年从事CFB锅炉技术开发研究的科研院所和高校，已拥有一定的试验设施和试验研究手段，已具备较强的CFB锅炉技术开发能力。国家电力公司热工研究院结合国内实际工程，已进行了CFB锅炉设计、改造、调试、性能考核及多项试验研究。在国内自行开发研制和吸收国外先进技术的基础上，积累了大量的CFB锅炉技术研究成果和实际经验，与国内锅炉制造厂家合作，已生产出了具有自主知识产权的50MW等级CFB锅炉，并已具备设计100MW等级CFB电站锅炉的能力，目前正在研制具有自主知识产权的100MW等级和125MW级CFB电站锅炉，并拟在消化吸收国外先进技术的基础上，与国内研究、制造单位合作，有所创新地自行研制300MW等级的CFB电站锅炉。
After 10 years of research and practice, the domestic group of technical strength, for many years engaged in the development of CFB boiler technology scientific research institutes and universities, already have some means of test facilities and experimental studies, already has strong technical development capabilities of CFB boiler . State Powe
r Corporation Thermal Power Research Institute combined with the actual project has been carried out CFB boiler design, transformation, debugging, performance evaluation and a number of experimental studies. Developed in the country on their own and absorb foreign advanced technologies based on the accumulation of a large number of CFB boiler technology research and practical experience, cooperation with domestic boiler manufacturer, has produced a level with independent intellectual property rights 50MW CFB boiler, and has level with 100MW CFB boiler design capacity, currently being developed with independent intellectual property rights of 100MW and 125MW-class level of CFB boiler and intends to digestion and absorption of foreign advanced technology, based on domestic research and manufacturing units in co-operation, innovatively develope 300MW level CFB boiler.
据不完全统计，我国已投运或在建的蒸发量为75t/h以上的CFB锅炉达350多台，其中75t／hCFB锅炉有320台； 220t/h级的CFB锅炉约有20台；410t／h级的CFB锅炉约有10台以上，CFB锅炉总台数为世界第一。具有国内自主知识产权的国产循环流化床锅炉技术220t／h级CFB锅炉已投入运行，第一台国产410t／hCFB锅炉已选点建在江西分宜电厂。
According to incomplete statistics, China has put into operation or under construction evaporation 75t / h CFB boiler of more than 350 sets, of which there are 320 CFB boiler 75t/h; 220t / h CFB boiler level about 20 units; 410t / h CFB boiler level more than about 10 units, CFB boiler number of total units most in the world. With independent intellectual property rights of domestic-made 220t / h level CFB boiler has been put into operation, the first domestic-made 410t/hCFB boiler has been chosen for construction of power plant in Jiangxi Fenyi.
目前，我国已投运或在建的CFB锅炉多用于热电厂或大型厂矿企业的自备电站，随着我国CFB锅炉的技术进步和容量等级的提升，国产CFB锅炉将逐步在我国电力生产和环境保护中发挥积极的作用。
At present, China has put into operation or under construction in the CFB boilers for thermal power plants or large industrial enterprises of self-power station, with the CFB boiler technology progress in China and raise levels of capacity, domestic CFB boiler will gradually play an active role in electricity production and environmental protection in China.
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