STUDIES ON BROADBAND AND HIGH GAIN PLANAR MICROSTRIP ARRAY ANTENNA
ABSTRACT
Planar antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth has always been highly required in various civilian and military applications, like modern communication, radar and electronic warfare. For example, in the millimeter wave systems, such antennas will have better performance in anti-fading and improving the stability of the transmission link; also, the spectrum resource in millimeter wave demands a wideband or even ultra-wideband antenna; as another example, the onboard antennas in moving carriers like plane, ship and satellite are tend to be integrated into a shared aperture to relieves the antenna load and reduce the RCS. However, the antenna gains and bandwidths may be influenced due to mutual coupling. Hence, improving the gain and bandwidth of antennas in a shared aperture will have a significant meaning in system performance.
In response to these urgent needs, the thesis begins with a study on the design of microstrip antenna array in millimeter wave. The antenna element adopts the multi-layer substrate patch structure, and the array is fed by a S-like microstrip line feed network. The feed network is optimized to effectively improv
e the feeding efficiency, hence the antenna array has a high gain. The measured results of the fabricated 4×4 elements array showed that, the band width of S11<-10dB and AR<3dB is 40% and 11.43%, respectively, the maxim gain is 17.8dBic.
Then, using the microstrip patch antenna, the design of shared aperture antenna is studied. As the cavity mode analysis shows, the radiation of the patch mainly comes from the slots between the patch and
III
the ground, which means cutting slots on the radiator will have less effect on the antenna's performance. Based on the analysis, a S/X dual band antenna and a S/Ku band antenna element are designed. The measured bandwidth of S11<-10dB in S, X band is 29.6% and 17%, respectively.
And then, combined with a dual polarization microstrip patch antenna array and a reconfigurable feed network, a 4×4 element array is designed. The antenna has a high gain and can be switch to work in horizontal/vertical and left/right hand circularly polarized modes. the measured S11<-10dB bandwidths of these four modes are 14.9%、15.1%、20.4% and 20.2%.
Finally, a conclusion is given. The design antenna array are utilizable in various application , the design method is constructive in future high gain wide band planar antenna designs.四爪螺母
Key Words: Broadband Millimeter Wave Antenna，Shared-Aperture Antenna，Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna，Microstrip Array Antenna
IV
双层玻璃茶杯目录
摘要 (Ⅰ)
ABSTRACT (Ⅲ)
第一章绪论 (1)
1.1 研究背景与意义 (1)
1.2 国内外研究现状 (2)
1.2.1 毫米波微带阵列天线研究现状 (2)
1.2.2 共口径天线研究现状 (6)
1.2.3 可重构天线研究现状 (8)
1.3 论文主要工作以及内容安排 (9)
1.3.1 论文主要工作 (9)
1.3.2 论文章节安排 (9)
第二章微带天线基础理论综述 (11)
2.1 微带天线基础理论 (11)
2.1.1 传输线模型分析 (11)
2.2.3 阵列天线 (15)
2.2 改善微带天线辐射性能的理论和方法 (15)
2.3 本章小结 (16)
第三章KA波段宽带圆极化微带阵列天线 (17)
3.1 Ka波段2×2元宽带圆极化微带阵列天线 (17)车载mp3驱动
3.1.1 天线单元结构 (17)
3.1.2 单元参数分析 (18)
3.1.3 天线单元仿真分析 (20)
3.1.5 2×2元宽带圆极化微带阵列天线设计 (25)
3.1.6 2×2元宽带圆极化微带阵列天线测试 (26)
3.1.6.1 反射系数测试 (27)
3.1.6.2 圆极化特性测试 (27)
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3.2 Ka波段4×4元宽带圆极化微带阵列天线 (28)
3.2.1 阵列结构 (28)
3.2.2 实验结果测试 (30)
3.3 本章小结 (30)
第四章多频段共口径天线 (33)
4.1 S/X双频段共口径天线设计 (33)
4.1.1 S波段圆极化天线设计 (34)
4.1.2 S波段圆极化贴片天线仿真分析 (41)
4.1.3 X波段贴片天线设计 (44)
4.1.4 S/X双频段共口径天线设计 (45)
4.2 S/Ku双频段双圆极化共口径天线设计 (51)
4.2.1 Ku波段圆极化天线单元设计 (51)
4.2.2 Ku波段2×2元圆极化天线阵列设计 (53)
4.2.3 S/Ku双波段双圆极化共口径天线阵列设计 (54)
4.3 本章小结 (57)
碳油第五章C波段极化可重构微带阵列天线 (59)
5.1 可重构天线设计思路 (59)
5.2 双极化微带阵列天线设计 (61)
5.2.1 天线单元结构 (61)
5.2.2 单元参数分析 (61)
5.2.3 双极化微带阵列天线设计 (64)
5.3 C波段极化可重构网络设计 (68)
5.4 C波段极化可重构的微带阵列天线测试 (70)
5.5 本章小结 (71)
第六章总结与展望 (73)
6.1 全文总结 (73)
6.2 研究展望 (74)
参考文献 (75)
致谢 (79)
膜盒
攻读硕士学位期间已发表或录用的论文 (81)
Bgain
攻读硕士学位期间申请的发明专利 (83)
VI
第一章绪论
1.1研究背景与意义
随着无线通信技术的迅速发展，频谱资源趋于紧张，信道容量日益拥挤，信道间易产生严重的干扰，这些对通信系统和设备提出了越来越高的设计要求。为了满足高速、高质量的传输和设备小型化的应用需求，迫切需要发展工作在更大带宽以及更加多元化应用背景下的通信系统和设备。天线作为通信系统中关键设备同样面临严苛的设计要求。从赫兹建立第一个天线系统至今已有130多年，天线的发展日新月异。天线作为无线通信系统的重要组成部分，天线的性能直接关系到整个通信链路的质量。
面对复杂的应用背景和实际需求，天线的表现形式和使用功能不断地呈现多样化。比如喇叭天线、抛物面天线、波导缝隙天线以及微带天线，同时在新领域也出现了智能天线、纳米天线和超材料天线等
等[47]。天线的应用范围涉及手持移动终端、卫星、雷达、导弹飞行器、船舶到航空航天等方面。天线在军用、民用领域都发挥着积极的作用。
在无线通信领域中，迫切需要宽带、高增益、小型化、多功能的低成本天线。常见的喇叭天线和抛物面天线虽然具备高增益、低旁瓣电平的优点，但是也存在体积大、成本高、工艺复杂等方面的不足，在小型化、低成本的微波通信系统中并不是最佳选择。金属波导天线的优点是低损耗、功率容量高，但是金属波导天线同样存在体积大、成本高以及加工工艺复杂等不足之处，使得金属波导天线也难以大规模应用在小型化的通信系统中。印刷电路的出现为我们提供了一种平面导波结构，与其他类型天线结构相比较，平面微带天线具备工艺简单、低剖面、重量轻、便于和有源器件集成等优点得以广泛应用。
无线通信系统的未来发展趋势和需求是系统小型化、高度集成化以及功能多元化等。在该背景下，针对宽带、高效、小型化天线的研究也是天线设计的重点和热点，由于微带天线多为谐振型，因此微带天线自身也存在带宽不宽、辐射效率低的情况。如何改善微带天线的辐射效率和有效解决微带天线窄带问题，进一步开展微带阵列天线的高效、宽带、小型化研究依然有很重要的研究意义。
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