The Grammar-translation Method
1.It was called the classical method in teaching classical language, Latin and Greek.
2.This method was used for the purpose of helping students read and appreciate foreign language literature.
3.It was also hope that learning the target language grammar; students would speak and write their native language better.焊锡炉
4.Finally, it was thought students would grow intellectually through learning foreign language.
Principle:
1.What are the goals of teachers who use the Grammar-Translation Method?
A basic purpose of learning a foreign language is to be able to read literature written in the target language. In addition, it provides students with good mental exercise.
2.What is the role of the teacher? What is the role of the students?
Teacher: the authority in the classroom
Students: do as teacher says so they can learn what she knows
3.What are some characteristics of the teaching/learning process?
1.Students are taught to translate from one language to another.
2.Students study grammar deductively
3.橡胶抛光轮They also learn grammatical paradigms(范例) 透明导电膜4.They memorize native-language equivalents for target-language vocabulary words. 4.What is the nature of student-teacher interaction? What is the student-student interaction?
Most of interaction is from the teacher to the students.
伞齿轮
传动 Little student initiation and little student-student interaction
5.How is the language viewed? How is culture viewed?
Literary language is considered superior to spoken language.
Culture consists of literature and fine arts.
6.What areas of language are emphasized? What language skills are emphasized?
Vocabulary and Grammar are emphasized.
Reading and writing are the primary skills.
7.What is the role of the students’ native language?
The meaning of the target language is made clear by translating it into native language.
Activity:
1.It has been said that the Grammar-Translation Method teaches students about the target language, but not how to use it. Explain the difference in your own words.
玻璃栈道施工
2.What are the clues that this method had its origin in the teaching of the classical language, Latin & Greek? To read and appreciate foreign language literature and students would grow intellectually.
The Audio-Lingual Method
1.The Audio-Lingual Method is an oral-based approach. It has been referred to as the “Michigan Method”.
2.It drills students in the use of grammatical sentence patterns. It has a strong theoretical base in linguistics and psychology.
3.The way to acquire the sentence patterns of the target language was through conditioning – helping learners to respond correctly to stimuli through shaping and reinfor
cement. Learners could overcome the habits of their native language and form the new habits required to be target language speakers.
Principles:
1.What are the goals of teachers who use the Audio-Lingual Method?
Teachers want their students to be able to use the target language communicatively.
2.What is the role of the teacher/students?
Teacher: like an orchestra leader, directing and controlling the language behavior of her students.
Provide her students with a good model for imitation
Students: imitators of the teacher’s model; follow the teacher’s directions and respond
活化钢3. What are some characteristics of the teaching/learning process?
1. New vocabulary and structural patterns are presented through dialogs.
2. The dialogs are learned through imitation and repetition.
3. Drills are conducted based on the patterns present in the dialog
4. Students’ successful responses are positively reinforcement
5. Grammar is induced from the examples given
4. What is the nature of student-teacher interaction? What is the student-student interaction?
There is student-student interaction in chain drills, but it is teacher-directed.
Most of the interaction is between teacher and students and is initiated by the teacher.
5.How is the language viewed? How is culture viewed?
The view of language in the Audio-Lingual Method has been influenced by descriptive lin
guistists.
Everyday speech is emphasized in the Audio-Lingual Method. The level of complexity of the speech is graded.
Culture consists of the everyday behavior and lifestyle of the target language speakers.
6.What areas of language are emphasized? What language skills are emphasized?
Vocabulary is kept to a minimum while the students are mastering the sound system and grammatical patterns.
The oral skills receive most of the attention. Pronunciation is taught from the beginning, often by students working in language lab on discriminating between members of minimal pairs.
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