loom 织布机 a machine for making cloth by twisting threads between other threads which go in a different direction
(A loom is a device used to weave cloth. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same.)
Weaving is done by intersecting the longitudinal threads, the warp, i.e. “that which is thrown across”, with the transverse threads, the weft, i.e. “that which is woven”.
The major components of the loom are the warp beam, heddles, harnesses or shafts (as few as two, four is common, sixteen not unheard of), shuttle, reed and takeup roll. In the loom, yarn processing includes shedding, picking, battening and taking-up operations. These are the principal motions.
yarn 纱；纱线 thread that has been spun, used for knitting, making cloth, etc.
warp (warp thread) 经纱 the threads that run lengthwise on a loom or in a piece of fabric.
(the strings that go up and down the length of a piece of cloth that someone is weaving. The strings that go across the width are called the weft.)
weft (weft thread) (织布机上的)纬线，纬纱 the threads that are twisted under and over the threads that are held on a loom(= a frame or machine for making cloth)
毛竹片(the fibres that lie across a piece of cloth when it is woven. The fibres that run down the cloth are called the warp.)
Shedding (织机的)梭口；梭道 Shedding is the raising of part of the warp yarn to form a shed (the vertical space between the raised and unraised warp yarns), through which the filling yarn, carried by the shuttle, can be inserted. heddle 纺织机的综线；综丝；综片； one of the sets of vertical cords or wires in the frame on a loom that guides the warp threads
heald 综框；综丝
The yarns are passed through the eye holes of the heddles, which hang vertically from the harnesses.
纯露怎么提取
The weave pattern determines which harness controls which warp yarns, and the number of harnesses used depends on the complexity of the weave.
Two common methods of controlling the heddles are dobbies and a Jacquard Head.
Picking A single crossing of the shuttle from one side of the loom to the other is known as a pick.
selvage 织边；布边；纸边 an edge of a piece of fabric that is woven so that it will not fray
(a decorative fringe on the ends of an Oriental rug)
ravel (编织物等)散开，脱开 to come loose from a knitted or woven fabric, or cause threads to do this Battening 筘(框)；打纬 Between the heddles and the takeup roll, the warp threads pass through another frame called the reed (which resembles a comb). The portion of the fabric that has already been formed but not yet rolled up on the takeup roll is called the fell.
After the shuttle moves across the loom laying down the fill yarn, the weaver uses the reed to press (or batten) each
filling yarn against the fell.
There are two secondary motions, because with each weaving operation the newly constructed fabric must be wound on a cloth beam. This process is called taking up. At the same time, the warp yarns must be let off or released from the warp beams. To become fully automatic,
a loom needs a tertiary motion, the filling stop motion. This will brake the loom, if the weft thread breaks. An automatic loom requires 0.125 hp to 0.5 hp to operate.
poncho 庞乔斗篷(在大块织物正中开领口制成) a type of coat without sleeves, made from one large piece of cloth with a hole in the middle for the head to go through
brocade 织锦缎；(尤指用金银线织出凸纹的)厚织物 a type of thick heavy cloth with a raised pattern made especially from gold or silver silk thread
damask 花缎；锦缎 a type of thick cloth, usually made from silk or linen , with a pattern that is visible on both sides
taut 拉紧的；绷紧的 pulled or stretched tightly
tapestry 壁毯；挂毯；织锦；绣帷 a picture or pattern that is made by weaving coloured wool onto heavy cloth; the art of doing this
Looms used for weaving traditional tapestry are classified as haute-lisse looms, where the warp is suspended vertically between two rolls, and the basse-lisse looms, where the warp extends horizontally between the rolls.
calico (本白)厚棉布 a type of heavy cotton cloth that is usually plain white
印花平布 a type of rough cotton cloth that has a pattern printed on it
pirn 纬纱管，纡子
synthetic 人造的；（人工）合成的 artificial; made by combining chemical substances rather than being produced naturally by plants or animals
综合（型）的 using changes to the ends of words rather than separate words to show the functions of words in a sentence
合成物；合成纤维（织物）；合成剂 an artificial substance or material
rayon 人造丝；人造丝织品 a fibre made from cellulose ; a smooth material made from this, used for making clothes
cellulose 纤维素 a natural substance that forms the cell walls of all plants and trees and is used in making plastics, paper, etc.
（用于制作涂料、漆等的）纤维素化合物 any compound of cellulose used in making paint, lacquer , etc.
weft insertion 引纬
Air Jet: An air jet loom uses short quick bursts of compressed air to propel the weft through the shed in order to complete the weave. Air jets are the fastest traditional method of weaving in modern manufacturing and they are able to achieve up to 1200 picks per minutes. However, the amounts of compressed air required to run these looms as well as the complexity in the way the air jets are positioned makes them more costly than other looms.
Water Jet: Water jet type looms use the same principle as air jet looms, however, they take advantage of pressurized water to propel the weft. The advant
age of this type of weaving is that water power is cheaper where water is directly available on site. Picks per minute can reach as high as 1000.
密胺粉
rapier loom 剑杆织机；剑桅式织机；剑杆式投纬织机
rapier 轻巧细长的双刃剑 a long thin light sword that has two sharp edges
Projectile loom 片梭织机；片梭织布机；抛射体织机
max out 极限重量次数；刷爆；最大淡出 to reach a limit in a personal attribute or ability, or reach the limit of a resource
max out somebody's credit card 刷爆信用卡
treadle （尤指旧时驱动机器的）踏板 (especially in the past) a device worked by the foot to operate a machine
Jacquard looms 提花织机；提花梭织机；提花织布机
misnomer 使用不恰当（或不准确）的名称；用词不当 a name or a word that is not appropriate or accurate
hosiery （尤用于商店）袜类 used especially in shops/stores as a word for tights , stockings and socks
sash （尤指制服的）腰带，肩带，饰带 a long strip of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder, especially as part of a uniform
（垂直推拉窗任何一扇的）窗扇 either of a pair of windows, one above the other, that are opened and closed by sliding them up and down inside the frame
绣花机 embroidery machine
WEAVING
Weaving Preparatory Machinery, Weaving Machinery, Tufting Machinery 织造准备机、织造机、簇绒机
Weaving Preparatory and Auxiliary Machinery 织造准备及辅助机
2.1.1 Creels 筒子架
2.1.2 Sectional warping machines 分条整经机
2.1.3 Beam warping machines 轴经整经机
2.1.4 Beaming machines 整经机
2.1.5 Sizing machines 浆纱机
2.1.6 Drawing-in machines 穿经机
2.1.7 Warp tying machines 结经机
2.1.8 Other weaving preparatory machines 其它织造准备机
Loom 织机
2.2.1 Looms with projectile 片梭织机
2.2.2 Air jet looms 喷气织机
2.2.3 Water jet looms 喷水织机
2.2.4 Rapier looms 剑杆织机
2.2.5 Multiphase looms 多相织机
2.2.6 Looms with shuttles 有梭织机
2.2.7 Ribbon looms with shuttles 有梭织带机
2.2.8 Shuttleless ribbon looms 无梭织带机
2.2.9 Looms for light fabrics 轻薄织物织机
2.2.10 Looms for medium-heavy fabrics 中厚织物织机
psasLooms for special purposes 特种织机
2.3.1 Looms for felts, filter, sail, cloth, woven belting, woven convey or belting 毛布、滤布、帆布、呢绒、机织带、机织传送带织机
2.3.2 Looms for plush, velvet 长毛绒、丝绒织机
2.3.3 Looms for moquettes and carpets 割绒地毯织机
2.3.4 Looms for jute, coir and other bast fibre fabrics 黄麻、椰壳纤维等韧皮纤维用织机
2.3.5 Looms for terry weaving 毛圈组织织机
2.3.6 Looms for silk and rayon fabrics 丝织机
2.3.7 Looms for tyre cord weaving 帘子布织机
2.3.8 Looms for elastic fabrics 弹性织物织机
2.3.9 Looms for sample weavi
ng 试样机
2.3.10 Jacquard label weaving machine 提花标签织机
Shedding Machinery and Auxiliary Machinery 开口机械和辅助机械 2.4.1 Dobbies 多臂机
2.4.2 Jacquards 提花机
2.4.3 Jacquards-card punching, repeating and lacing machines including computer aided devices 提花纹板打孔、复制、串连机连计算器辅助装置 2.4.4 Devices for woven name selvedges and false selvedges 织机商标名称布边及假边织造装置
2.4.5 Other shedding machinery and auxiliary machinery 其它开口机械和辅助机械
KNITTING
Knitting & Hosiery Machines 针织机及织袜机
Preparatory machinery for knitting and hosiery 针织织袜用准备机
3.1.1 Warping machines 整经机
3.1.2 Sectional warping machines 分条整经机
3.1.3 Other preparatory machines for knitting 其它针织用准备机
3.1.4 Auxiliary machines for knitting 针织辅助机
Circular Knitting Machinery 圆针织机
3.2.1 Single cylinder knitting machines, up to 165mm diameter 直径165毫米以下的单针筒圆型针织机
3.2.2 Double cylinder knitting machines, up to 165mm diameter 直径165毫米以下的双针筒圆型针织机
3.2.3 Knitting machines, over 165mm diameter 直径165毫米以上的圆型针织机
Flat and Warp Knitting Machinery 横机及经编机
3.3.1 Computerized flat knitting machines 计算机横机
3.3.2 Flat knitting machines 横机
3.3.3 Hand-operated flat knitting machines 手摇横机
3.3.4 Flat warp knitting machines 平型经编机
3.3.5 Raschel looms 拉舍尔经编机
3.3.6 Other Knitting & hosiery machines 其它针织机及袜机
FINISHING
Washing, Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing, Finishing and Make-up Machinery 洗涤、漂白、染、印花、整理及包装机械
4.1.1 Crabbing machines, kier 煮呢机
4.1.2 Desizing machines 去浆机
4.1.3 Bleaching apparatus and machines, discontinuous 非连续式漂白装置及机械
4.1.4 Bleaching plant for continuous operation 连续式漂白设备
4.1.5 Washing machines for yarn 纱线洗涤机
4.1.6 Full-width washing machines 开幅洗涤机
4.1.7 Fulling machines 缩呢机
4.1.8 Carbonising machines for fabrics 织物碳化机
4.1.9 Mercerising machines for yarns 纱线丝光机
4.1.10 Mercerising machines for fabrics 织物丝光机
Dyeing Machinery and Apparatus 染机及装置
4.2.1 High temperature dyeing autoclaves 高温染高压釜
4.2.2 Dyeing apparatus under atmospheric pressure 常压染装置
4.2.3 Jet dyeing machines 喷射染机
4.2.4 Dyeing tanks 染池
4.2.5 Padding mangles 轧染机
4.2.6 Dyeing jiggers 卷染机
4.2.7 Dyeing machines for hosiery 针织品染机
4.2.8 Continuous dyeing plant 连续染设备
4.2.9 Other dyeing machinery 其它染机
Printing Machinery 印花机械
4.3.1 Top printing machines 套印花机
4.3.2 Yarn printing machines including space dyeing 纱线印花机连间隔染
4.3.3 Flat screen prin
ting machines 平板筛网印花机
4.3.4 Rotary screen printing machines 圆网印花机
4.3.5 Heat transfer printing machines 热转移印花机
4.3.6 Other printing machinery 其它印花机
Water Extraction Machinery 脱水机
4.4.1 Roller squeezers 滚筒轧水机
4.4.2 Suction extractors 抽吸脱水机
4.4.3 Hydro-extractors 脱水器
Tentering and Drying Machinery 拉幅干燥机
4.5.1 Tentering and stentering machines 拉幅机
4.5.2 Thermo-fixing machines 热定形机
4.5.3 Cylinder drying machines 滚筒烘燥机
4.5.4 Felt calendars 呢毯轧光机
4.5.5 Tunnel dryers and drying chambers 隧道式干燥机及箱
4.5.6 Drying conveyors 履带式干燥机
4.5.7 Festoon dryers 长环悬挂烘燥机
4.5.8 Hot flues 热风烘干机
4.5.9 Tensionless dryers 无张力干燥机
4.5.10 Rapid package dryers 卷装快速干燥机
4.5.11 Suction drum dryers 抽吸式转筒烘燥机
4.5.12 Infrared dryers 红外线干燥机
4.5.13 High frequency dryers 高频干燥机
4.5.14 Other drying machinery 其它干燥机械
Finishing Machinery 整理机
4.6.1 Damping machines 给湿机
4.6.2 Agers, steaming machines and apparatus 蒸化机
4.6.3 Decatising machines 蒸呢机
4.6.4 Raising machines 起绒机
4.6.5 Shearing machines 剪毛机
日志存储4.6.6 “Suede” finishing machines “麂皮”整理机
4.6.7 Cloth brushing machines 刷布机
4.6.8 Pile finishing machines 绒头整理机
4.6.9 Finish breaking machines 揉布整理机
4.6.10 Calenders 轧光机
4.6.11 Singeing machines for fabric 织物烧毛机
4.6.12 Roller presses 滚筒烫平机
Weaving Auxiliary Machinery and Additional Devices 织造辅助机械及附加装置
2.5.1 Weft accumulators 存纬机
2.5.2 Bobbins Strippers 筒脚清除机
2.5.3 Equipment for loom automation 织机自动化设备
Tufting Machinery 簇绒机
2.6.1 Table model and hand tufting machines 台用样机和手动簇绒机
2.6.2 Tufting machine 簇绒机
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