摘要
sys8朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) 是一种寄主植物范围非常广 泛的农业害螨，能为害146种植物，其寄主植物有蔬菜、花卉、果树、农作物、中草药和杂草等，包涵刀豆、豇豆、棉花、月季、草莓、茄子、辣椒、黄瓜、西瓜等。加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) 作为朱砂叶螨等农业害 螨的捕食性天敌，具有捕食能力强和环境适应性强特点。其栖息地广泛，与猎物及其寄主植物关系紧密。为深入了解“植物—朱砂叶螨—加州新小绥螨”三者之间的关系，本文主要研究了取食五种植物即刀豆、豇豆、月季、草莓、茄子的朱砂叶螨对加州新小绥螨种动态及行为反应的影响，结果如下：
1. 基于年龄－龄期两性生命表理论，研究取食五种植物的朱砂叶螨对加州新小绥螨生长发育、繁殖和存活的影响。结果发现，月季能较好地保持加州新小绥螨的种发展的稳定，并且对促进其繁殖力有积极作用。豇豆和月季处理组的加州新小绥螨种净增殖率R0分别为28.03和30.20，显著高于草莓处理组的净增殖率R0。刀豆处理组和月季处理组的世代平均周期T分别为14.83 d和14.60 d，显著高于豇豆、草莓和茄子处理组。月季处理组的加州新小绥螨产卵期为16.74 d，显著长于其他四个处理组；每雌产卵量为50.33粒，显著高于豇豆、草莓和茄子处理组；月季和茄子处理组的年龄-特征繁殖力（f x5）峰值在五个处理中为最大，均约为本振泄露
橡塑模具
2.1枚可孵化卵。
2. 加州新小绥螨对取食五种植物的朱砂叶螨的捕食功能反应模型结构均属于Holling II型，加州新小绥螨对取食五种植物的朱砂叶螨各螨态的寻效应均随猎物密度增加而降低。茄子处理组的加州新小绥螨的a/T h值为21.4133，高于刀豆和草莓处理组的1.9467和
3.7951，表明茄子处理组的加州新小绥螨对朱砂叶螨的控制能力比刀豆和草莓处理组更强。另外，月季处理组的加州新小绥螨在朱砂叶螨成螨时期以及较高密度的若螨时期表现出了较大且稳定的日捕食量，对朱砂叶螨若螨和幼螨的处理猎物时间T h和刀豆相比分别缩短了43.40%和92.36%。
3. 利用自制“Y”型嗅觉仪，测定了五种植物受朱砂叶螨为害后对加州新小绥螨嗅觉反应的影响以及五种植物受虫害诱导后挥发物成分和相对含量，结果发现加州新小绥螨对水杨酸甲酯与植物挥发物的组合气味源普遍敏感。加州新小绥螨对被朱砂叶螨取食后的五种植物叶片的选择率与空气对比排序为：刀豆>豇豆>
月季>茄子≈草莓；加州新小绥螨对被朱砂叶螨取食后的四种植物叶片的选择率与刀豆对比排序为：茄子>豇豆≈草莓>刀豆>月季。而分析发现，测定的挥发物成分中绿叶性气体及烯萜类化合物种类较多，例如豇豆中的香芹烯、d柠檬烯等，但烷类所占比例明显较大。另外，茄子中的水杨酸甲酯相对含量较高，为2.428，而月季及草莓的水杨酸甲酯相对含量较低，分别为0.025和0.155。结合前一步的招引
结果，测定加州新小绥螨对水杨酸甲酯与各植物挥发物组合的嗅觉反应，初步判断与植物挥发物相比，水杨酸甲酯的组合对加州新小绥螨的吸引力与排序为：刀豆≈月季>豇豆>茄子>草莓。
uwb标签
综上来看，和刀豆相比，月季在对加州新小绥螨的发育、繁殖及捕食等方面均有积极影响，可考虑作为室内扩大饲养加州新小绥螨的替代植物。另外，为增强植物对朱砂叶螨天敌加州新小绥螨的招引作用，可结合利用虫害诱导的植物挥发物与水杨酸甲酯，以提高生防效率。
关键词：加州新小绥螨，朱砂叶螨，嗅觉反应，水杨酸甲酯
Abstract
Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) is an agricultural mite pest that has wide range of host plants about 146 kinds of plants. The host plants include vegetables, flowers, fruits, crops, weeds and Chinese medicinal herbs, for example Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, Gossypium hirstutum, Rosa chinensis, Fragaria ananassa, Solanum melongena, Capsicum annuum, Cucumis sativus and Citrullus lanatus, etc. Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is a predatory natural enemy of T. cinnabarinus and other agricultural mite pests, which shows strong predation ability and environmental adaptability. N. californicus has extensive habitats, and closely related to the prey and host plants. To clarify the relationship among plants, T. cinnabarinus and N. californicus, effect of T. c
innabarinus fed on Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, Rosa chinensis, Fragaria ananassa and Solanum melongena on development, reproduction and olfactory response of N. californicus was mainly studied in this dissertation. The results are as follows:
1. Based on the age - stage, two sex life table theory, the development, reproduction of N. californicus fed on T. cinnabarinus on five plants were discussed. It was showed that R. chinensis can keep the population development of N. californicus stable and have positive role to its reproduction. Results showed that net reproductive rate R0 of N. californicus on G. max and R. chinensis treatments were 28.03 and 30.20, respectively. They were significantly higher than F. ananassa treatment. Mean generation time T of N. californicus on P. vulgaris and R. chinensis treatment were 14.83 d and 14.60 d, respectively. They were significantly higher than G. max, F. ananassa, and S. melongena. Oviposition of N. californicus on R. chinensis treatment was 16.74 d, which was significantly longer than the other four treatments; Fecundity per female was 50.33, which was significantly higher than G. max, F. ananassa, and S. melongena treatments. The peaks of female age-specific fecundity
(f x5) of N. californicus on R. chinensis and S. melongena treatments were both about
2.1 eggs, which were the maximum among five plants.
2. The result showed that the predation functional response of N. californicus to T.
更衣凳
家用管道疏通机cinnabarinus on five plants fit reasonably to Holling type II functional response model. Searching rates of N. californicus were decreased with the increasing density of T. cinnabarinus on N. californicus. The functional response parameters a/Th value of N. californicus on S. melongena treatments was 21.4133, higher than the value of P. vulgaris and F. ananassa. It was indicated that the control ability of N. californicus against T. cinnabarinus on S. melongena is stronger than on P. vulgaris and F. ananassa. In addition, N. californicus consumed more adults and high-density nymphs on R. chinensis. Compared with P. vulgaris, Handle time Th of N. californicus on R. chinensis decreased 43.40% and 92.36%, respectively.
3. By using the Y-tube olfactometer indoor, the effect of T. cinnabarinus on five plants on olfactory response of N. californicus was determined. It was determined that N. californicus is sensitive to the combination of methyl salicylate odor sources. Compared to the control of P. vulgaris, the selectance of N. californicus to four plants: S. melongena > G. max ≈F. ananassa > P. vulgaris > R. chinensis. After analysis of the volatile composition and relative content determination from five plants induced by T. cinnabarinus, the large proportion was green leaf volatile and terpenes, such as Limonene, D-Limonene in G. max, but other volatiles were much more. In addition, methyl salicylate relative conte
nt of S. melongena was 2.428, which was much higher than in R. chinensis and F. ananassa, which were 0. 025 and 0.155, respectively. Combined with the previous results, the effect of five plants T. cinnabarinus on with methyl salicylate on olfactory response of N. californicus was determined. Compared to the plant volatiles, the selectance of N. californicus to the combination of methyl salicylate odor sources: P. vulgaris ≈ R. chinensis > G. max > S. melongena > F. ananassa.
In brief, R. chinensis has a positive influence on N. californicus that can be considered as an alternative plant compared with P. vulgaris to expand indoor rearing of N. californicus. In addition, it is showed that the methyl salicylate and plant volatiles can be combined to enhance the attraction to N. californicus.
Keywords: Neoseiulus californicus, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, olfactory response, methyl salicylate
豫公网安备41160202000603
站长QQ:729038198
关于我们
投诉建议