养猪术语-中英对照

Pork Glossary养猪术语表

English swine term: 英文养猪术语	Chinese name: 中文名	Definition: 定义
Abortion	流产	The premature expulsion of dead or nonviable fetuses.
Afterbirth	胎衣	Placenta
All-in, All-out production	全进全出	A production system whereby animals are moved into and out of facilities in distinct groups.
Animal Welfare	动物福利	The ethical treatment of animals.
AI, Artificial Insemination	人工授精	Impregnation by artificial means.
Average Daily Gain (ADG)	平均日增重	The average weight that a pig gains per day.
Backfill	回填	To move sows/gilts back in the flow to fill empty crates
Barrow	阉公猪	A neutered male is a barrow and the adult male is a boar.
Behavior	行为	Actions done by pigs, which can be used to see normal or abnormal actions.
Biosecurity	生物安全	Prevention of spreading and getting diseases into the herd
Boar	公猪	A term for a male domestic swine suitable for breeding.
Body Condition Score	体况评分	Scoring of a sow/gilt based on her body condition.
Breed	配种	To impregnate/mate
Brooder	暖风机	A supplemental heat source used in wean pig facilities, for the pigs benefit.
Catheter	输精管	A “straw” used to artificially inseminate a sow or gilt.
Castrate	去势	To surgically remove a male hog’s testicles.
Cervix	宫颈	The lower narrow portion of the uterus, where it joins the vagina.
Colostrum	初乳	Milk produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy which contains antibodies to protect the newborn pig.
Collect	采精	To “harvest” semen from a boar.

Conception Rate	受胎率	The percentage of a breeding group that became pregnant.
Cooling	冷却	Cooling systems normally involve evaporating water to lower the temperature of the pigs. Generally used only for the breeding-gestation herd. Cooling also takes place by air movement in hot weather.
Cool Cells	冷却水帘	See Cooling.
Corn Belt	玉米带	The area of the United States where corn is a principal cash crop, including Iowa, Indiana, most of Illinois, and parts of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
Crate	限位栏	A steel “stall” where an individual animal is housed.
Cull	淘猪	An animal that is unfit to stay in the breeding herd and is sent to market.
Denitrification	去硝化	The biochemical reduction of nitrate or nitrite to gaseous nitrogen, either as molecular nitrogen or as an oxide of nitrogen.
Discharge	恶露	The sow’s system clearing the uterus. Some discharges are normal and some are ridding infection, etc.
Disinfect	消毒	To sterilize and kill all bacteria, viruses and fungus.
Dock Tail	剪尾	To remove most of the pig’s tail at processing to reduce welfare issues in later life.
Dump	清空猪舍	To empty a hog room or barn.
土著菌Ear Notch	耳缺	A “V” shape notched on a pig’s ear as a form of identification.
Ear Tag	耳标	A tag placed in a pig’s ear as a method of identification.
Estimated Breed Value (EBV)	估计育种值	A prediction of a pig’s genetic merit relative to other pigs in the same herd, based on certain data collected.
Extender	稀释液	A liquid diluent added to semen to preserve it’s fertilizing ability.
Estrous	发情 abs-210	See Heat
Euthanasia	安乐死	Painless killing to relieve suffering.
Estimated Progeny Difference (EPD)	后裔差异评估	An evaluation of an animal’s genetic worth as a parent.
Fallback	落后猪	A pig that becomes physically challenged and falls behind its pen mates.
Fallout	妊娠失败	A pregnant female that falls out of its breeding group by no longer being pregnant or dying.

Farrowing	分娩	The period from birth to weaning.
Farrowing crate	分娩栏	A metal enclosure that a sow is put into before farrowing and stays for 3-4 weeks.
Farrowing Rate	分娩率	Percent/females that farrow in a group.
Farrow to Finish Operation	自繁自育场	A production system that contains all production phases, from breeding to gestation to farrowing to nursery to grow-finishing to market.VBTA-12
Feed Back	返饲	A composition gathered from farrowing house and fed to pregnant sows before farrowing to help maximize piglet health and minimize piglet death loss.
Feed Conversion	饲料转化率	How many pounds of feed a pig must consume to gain one pound of body weight.
Feeder	料槽	A piece of equipment that stores and dispenses feed.
Feed Mat	饲料垫板	A mat with a lip around the edge to keep feed from being wasted while pigs are being started in a nursery or wean to finish facility.
Feeder Pig Operation	育肥场	Breeder sells pigs out of the nursery phase to a finishing operation to grow them out to market weight.
Feed Mixture	饲料配比	Ingredients of a feed ration.
Finisher	育肥舍	A facility where pigs are grown and sent to market from.
Finisher Pig	育肥猪	Production phase between the nursery and market.
Finishing Operation	育肥场	A facility where pigs are grown and sent to market from.
Finishing Unit	育肥单元	A facility where pigs are grown for market
Flushing	短期优饲（促进排卵）	Feeding a female full feed in an attempt to cause her ovaries to produce more reproductive eggs.
Foster	寄养	Taking a piglet from or adding a piglet to a sow.
Full Feed (Ad Lib)	自由采食	Unrestricted feed.
Gestation	怀孕/妊娠	The 113 to 116 day period when the sow is pregnant from breeding until farrowing.
Gilt	后备母猪	Young female, until first service/mating.
Gilt Development Unit	后备母猪舍	A facility for the growth and development of suitable replacement females for a swine herd.

扭力弹簧

Grow-Finish	育成-育肥	Pig between nursery and market, usually takes14-16 weeks.
Gruel Feeding	流食	Feed mixed with water and fed to small or fallback pigs.
Hand Mating	人工辅助配种	An individual female that is ready to be bred is exposed to an individual boar in a small pen for a few minutes, under the supervision of the producer.
Herd Health	猪健康	The health status of the swine herd.
Heat	发情	Refers to the estrous period for the sow. The first estrous normally occurs 3 to 5 days after the pigs are weaned.
Heat Check	查情	To place a boar in front of a female hog and see if she is in standing heat.
Heat Lamp	保温灯	A lamp that serves as a supplemental heat source.
Heat No Serve (HNS)	发情未配种	A gilt that is found to be in standing heat, but is intentionally not serviced.
Heat Pad	保温垫	A pig pad that gives off heat.
Herdsman	饲养员	One who monitors and cares for a herd of livestock.
High Pressure Cleaning	高压清洗	Washing with a high pressure washer.
Hog	猪	Generic term, usually applied to growing swine.
Hoop Structure	简易猪舍	A low cost, uninsulated and naturally ventilated building used for older swine. The floor is mostly earthen and typically bedded with straw.
Index	指标	A method of grading pig carcasses, and the genetic value of the pig.
Induce	诱导分娩	To inject a pregnant hog with an agent that promotes the onset of labor.
Infertile	不孕	Incapable of causing pregnancy or of becoming pregnant.
灭蚊机In Vitro	体外	Of a biological process made to occur in a controlled environment (Laboratory) rather than within a living organism or a natural setting.
Irradiation	放射消毒	Process of exposing food to radiation to destroy bacteria and improve shelf life.
Isolation Barn	隔离舍	Barn where replacement animals are kept for biosecurity purposes, before being introduced into the herd.
Lactating	哺乳	Period when a sow is providing milk to her pigs.
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