在安装ASM磁盘时采⽤了high、normal、extenrnal的三种冗余模式。
三种冗余模式
EXTERNAL模式
External redundancy（1OCR and no copies）
An external redundancy disk group requires a minimum of one disk device.
The effective disk space in an external redundancy disk group is the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.
Because Automatic Storage Management does not mirror data in an external
redundancy disk group, Oracle recommends that you use external redundancy with storage devices such as RAID, or other
similar devices that provide their own data protection mechanisms.
NORMAL模式
Normal redundancy（1 OCR and 2 copies ）
半轴螺栓In a normal redundancy disk group, to increase performance and reliability,
Automatic Storage Management by default uses two-way mirroring. A normal
redundancy disk group requires a minimum of two disk devices (or two
failure groups). The effective disk space in a normal redundancy disk group is
half the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.
For Oracle Clusterware files, Normal redundancy disk groups provide 3
voting disk files, 1 OCR and 2 copies (one primary and one secondary mirror).
With normal redundancy, the cluster can survive the loss of one failure group.
For most installations, Oracle recommends that you select normal redundancy.
HIGH模式
High redundancy（1 OCR and 3 copies ）
In a high redundancy disk group, Automatic Storage Management uses
three-way mirroring to increase performance and provide the highest level of
reliability. A high redundancy disk group requires a minimum of three disk
devices (or three failure groups). The effective disk space in a high redundancy
disk group is one-third the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.
For Oracle Clusterware files, High redundancy disk groups provide 5 voting
disk files, 1 OCR and 3 copies (one primary and two secondary mirrors). With
high redundancy, the cluster can survive the loss of two failure groups.
While high redundancy disk groups do provide a high level of data protection,
you should consider the greater cost of additional storage devices before
deciding to select high redundancy disk groups.
METALINK⽂档描述
[ID 428681.1]
题⽬：OCR / Vote disk Maintenance Operations: (ADD/REMOVE/REPLACE/MOVE)
11.2+:
From 11.2, votedisk can be stored on either ASM diskgroup or cluster file systems. The following commands can only be
executed when GI is running either in cluster mode or exclusive mode. As grid user:
1. To add a Voting Disk
a. When votedisk is on cluster file system:
$ crsctl add css votedisk <VOTEDISK_LOCATION/filename>
b. When votedisk is on ASM diskgroup, no add option available. The number of votedisk is determined by the diskgroup
redundancy. If more copy of votedisk is desired, one can move votedisk to a diskgroup with higher redundancy.
2. To delete a Voting Disk
a. When votedisk is on cluster file system:
$ crsctl delete css votedisk <VOTEDISK_LOCATION/filename>
b. When votedisk is on ASM, no delete option available, one can only replace the existing votedisk group with another ASM
diskgroup
3. To move a Voting Disk
a. When votedisk is on cluster file system:
$ crsctl add css votedisk <NEW VOTEDISK_LOCATION/filename>
$ crsctl delete css votedisk <OLD VOTEDISK_LOCATION/filename>
b. When votedisk is on ASM or moving votedisk between cluster file system and ASM diskgroup
$ crsctl replace votedisk <+diskgroup>|<vdisk>
eg:
管式反应器move to cluster file system:
$ crsctl replace votedisk /shared/vote.dat
Now formatting voting disk: /shared/vote.dat.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk 32ff90ab38a04f65bf0c428c8fea9721.
Successful deletion of voting disk 3d34623f09b64f9dbfa44fabf455513e.
Successful deletion of voting disk 7043c38000a24f1abf36473ca7e9cd9e.
Successful deletion of voting disk 18de241007df4f9cbf3fbb4193f0ecb4.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
more to ASM diskgroup:
$ crsctl replace votedisk +OCRVOTE
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk 3d34623f09b64f9dbfa44fabf455513e.
Successful addition of voting disk 7043c38000a24f1abf36473ca7e9cd9e.
Successful addition of voting disk 18de241007df4f9cbf3fbb4193f0ecb4.
Successful deletion of voting disk a32c9b158e644fabbfdcc239c76f22a0.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +CRS.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
One reason to drop a disk group is to change the redundancy level (normal, high, or external). Because you cannot change
the redundancy of a disk group, you must drop the disk group and then re-create it with the proper redundancy. In this
case, you must back up or move disk group data before you drop the disk group
⼩结
如果要想改变asm磁盘组的冗余⽅式，就必须删除并重建磁盘组。
移⾛OCR磁盘内容2.1 备份2.1.1 备份OCR ocrconfig –export /tmp/ocr.bak
或
ocrconfig –manualbackup
$ ocrconfig -showbackup
node2 2012/02/24 12:09:34 /u01/grid/cdata/
node2 2012/02/24 08:03:21 /u01/grid/cdata/
node2 2012/02/24 04:03:21 /u01/grid/cdata/
node2 2012/02/22 19:38:28 /u01/grid/cdata/
node2 2012/02/10 11:48:21 /u01/grid/cdata/
PROT-25: Manual backups for the Oracle Cluster Registry are not available
备份VOTEDISK
In Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11.2), you no longer have to back up the voting disk. The voting disk data is
automatically backed up in OCR as part of any configuration change and is automatically restored to any voting disk added.
If all voting disks are corrupted, however, you can restore them as described in "Restoring Voting Disks".---联机⽂档说不需
要备份votedisk，可以使⽤dd备份
$ crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 077fcbf9dd704f03bf95d2b1490208f2 (/dev/rdisk/disk444) [OCR_ORCL]
Located 1 voting disk(s).
备份
备份votedisk盘：
[root@node1 bin]# dd if=/dev/raw/raw5 of=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak
256977+0 records in
256977+0 records out
恢复
恢复votedisk盘（如果真需要恢复的话）：
[root@node1 bin]# dd if=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak of=/dev/raw/raw5
256977+0 records in
256977+0 records out
备份ASM参数⽂件
wan 107在OCR的磁盘组⾥，有OCR、VOTEDISK、ASM的SPFILE参数⽂件，但是这⾥ASM的参数⽂件是不需要备份的，因为我们⼀会在改ASM参数⽂件位置
的时候，会⽣产PFILE⽂件，那时就已经是备份了。
移动OCR
备注：这⾥将OCR移动到DATA_ORCL这个磁盘组上，在⼀个节点操作即可。
当OCR只有⼀份时，如果移动则会报错
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -replace OCR_ORCL -replacement DATA_ORCL PROT-28: Cannot delete or replace the only configured Oracle Cluster Registry location 添加⼀份OCR
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -add +DATA_ORCL
检查OCR位置
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
胸针设计
Used space (kbytes) : 2852
Available space (kbytes) : 259268
ID : 941087888
Device/File Name : +OCR_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check succeeded
删除⼀份OCR
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -delete +OCR_ORCL
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2852地脚螺钉
uv转印胶
Available space (kbytes) : 259268
ID : 941087888
Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
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