新概念英语第二册Lesson22Aglassenvelope课文讲义


2023年12月17日发(作者:国际机票查询网站)

新概念英语第二册第22课

Lesson 22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封

My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter

from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were

travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of

paper with her name and address on it into a bottle.

She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it

again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a

girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now.

However, they have decided to use the post office. Letters

will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

dream v. 做梦,梦想

age n. 年龄

channel n. 海峡

throw v. 扔,抛 (threw; thrown)

Notes on the text 课文注释

1. dreamed of receiving a letter, 想到会收到一封信。dream

of 作“梦想”、“幻想”讲;receiving是动名词,作介词of的宾语。

2. Last year, we were travelling across the ,去 年, 当我们横渡英吉利海峡时......。这是过去进行时的一种用

法,用来叙述故事情节的背景。过去进行时描述背景,由此引出一般过去时表示的新动作。

3. with her name and address on it 用来进一步说明a piece

of paper。可译作“写有她姓名和地址的(一张纸条)”。

参考译文

我的女儿简从未想过会接到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信。去年,当我们横渡英吉利海峡时,简把写有她姓名和住址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子,又将瓶子扔进了大海。此后她就再没去想那只瓶子。但10个月以后,她收到了荷兰一位姑娘的来信。现在这两位姑娘定期通信了。然而她们还是决定利用邮局。这样会稍微多花点钱,但肯定是快得多了。

课文解释

1.My daughter,Jane, never dreamed of receiving a

letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.

我的女儿简从未想过会收到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信。

1) 句中的Jane是主语my daughter的同位语。同位语通常与前 面的名词用逗号隔开,用来进一步说明该名词的性质、特 点或具体情况。

关于同位语的详细介绍,大家可参看Lesson 4的相关语法内容。

2) 动词dream后可以跟介词of (或about),表示“梦到、梦想、想到”等含义。在本句中dream of的意思是“想到”(当然,这里也可以替换成dream about,意思没有区别)。

另外,动词dream的过去式和过去分词分别有两种写法:dreamed和dreamt。这两种在英式英语中都是通用写法,但在美式英语中加-ed的写法,即:dreamed更为常见。

关于dream这个词的详细用法,大家可参看本课或第一册Lesson 129中的“重点词汇”部分内容。

3) receiving a letter…in Holland这是个动名词短语,在句子中用作介词of的宾语。关于动名词用法的介绍,大家可以参看Lesson 20的语法内容。

在这个动名词短语中,有两个习惯用法请大家注意:

receive sth. from… 从(某人或某处)得到/收到某物:

I haven't received a letter from him yet.

我还没有收到他的信呢。

She has received a response from that college to her

application. 她已经收到那所大学对她申请的答复.

We received two shipments from Chicago.

我们收到从芝加哥运来的两船货物.

of one’s own age 和某人同龄:

I’d like to have a friend of my ownage.

我希望有个和我同龄的朋友。

在课文里的这个句子中, of短语用作后置定语来修饰前面的名词a girl。当然,这个短语中的age在应用中还可以根据具体情况用别的名词来替换,如:

a boy of my own height 一个和我一样高的男孩

需要大家注意的是,of one’s own也是一个习惯用法,意思是“某人自己的…”。例如:

You see, we have a problem of our own.

你知道,我们也有自己的问题。

(=we have our own problem.)

He started a company of his own.

他创立了自己的公司。(=He started his own company.)

2.Last year, we were travelling across the Channel

and Jane put a piece of paper with her name

and address on it into a bottle.

去年,当我们横渡英吉利海峡时,简把写有她姓名和住址 的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子。

1)

这句话中既有过去进行时,也有一般过去时。通常在讲故事或是叙述过去的事情时,这两种时态会连用--过去进行时往往用来表示背景,而一般过去时则表示在此背景下发生的动作。

在这句话中,travelling across the Channel是个持续时间较长的背景动作;而put a piece of paper…into a bottle是在这个过程中发生的一个动作。

2) 句中的the Channel指的就是the English Channel英吉利海峡。在英文中,channel如果大写(the Channel),一般情况下就是指的英吉利海峡。当然,channel除了表示“海峡”外,还可以用来表示其它含义,如:频道、渠道、途径,等。例如:

What'son Channel 4 tonight? 电视四台今晚有什么节目?

You simply can't get a ticket through official channels.

通过官方渠道是压根儿搞不到票的。

Applications for leave must go through

proper channels.

请假必须通过适当的途径。

3) 介词with在这里表示“有、带有、具有”等含义,指纸条上写的内容;而it指代的就是前面说的那个纸条(a piece of

paper)。

关于with的用法介绍,大家可同时参看Lesson 20中相关的课文解释。

3.She never thought of it again,but ten months later,

she received a letter from a girl in Holland.

此后她就再没去想那只瓶子。但10个月以后,她收到了荷兰 一位姑娘的来信。

1) 短语think of在本句中的含义为“想起、想到”,另外这个短语还可以指“考虑”、“评价”等含义(在用作某些含义的时候,短语中的介词of 也可以替换成about)。例如:

I can’t think of his name. 我想不起他的名字了。

Do be careful of driving. Think of your poor mother.

开车时千万小心。想想你可怜的妈妈。

We are thinking of/about going to France for our

holidays.

我们正在考虑去法国度假。

What do you thinkof / about her? 你觉得她怎么样?

2) 句中的later在这里不是形容词late的比较级形式,而是用作副词,意思是“后来、以后(指在已经提到的某个时间或情况之后,或者在现在的时间或情况之后)”。例如:

He retired ten years later. 10年后他退休了。

I'll join you later. 我过会儿和你会合。

关于later用法的详细介绍,大家还可参看第一册Lesson 117中的相关课文解释。

另外,这里提醒大家注意later和latter在含义和用法上的区别。later主要用作副词和形容词,指“时间上靠后的”;而latter主要用作形容词,指“在顺序上靠后的,即刚提到的两者中的后一个,或是在一系列或一个过程中靠后的、靠近末尾的”。例如:

Of the two choices, I prefer the latter.

在两种中选择, 我要后者。

He'll go to school in the latter part of the year.

后半年他将上学了。

4.Both girls write to each other regularly now.

现在这两位姑娘定期通信了。

1) both的意思是“两个都…”, 用在肯定句(或疑问 句) 中。 both 用在名词前面时,of可有可无—both of the girls或both girls含义是一样的。但要注意的是,在both girls 中,both用作形容词;而在both of the…结构中(或单 用both的情况下),both用作代词。

关于both的用法,大家还可 以参看Lesson 14的“重点词 汇”中的相关内容。

2) 句中的write在这里的含义为“写(信)”;write to sb.意思就是“给某人写信”(write用作不及物动词)。要表达这个含义也可以 用:write sb. (write用作及物动词);这种用法在美式英语中尤其常见。例如:

Many people have written to me on this subject.

很多人给我写信探讨这个问题。

She had written him a note a couple of weeks earlier.

她几周前给他写过一个便条。

3) each other的意思是“互相、彼此”(同one another一样,被称为“相互代词”。可同时参看Lesson 21中“本课语法”的相关内容。),在句子中一般用作宾语。例如:

The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other.

这两个组同意相互协作。

They support each other in their work.

他们在工作中互相支持。

5. However, they have decided to use the post office.

然而她们还是决定利用邮局。

这句话中需要解释的就是decide to dosth.这个结构,其含义为“决定做某事”。在这个结构中,decide用作及物动词,不定式短语to do sth.充当谓语动词decide的宾语。另外,在用作该含义时,decide 后面还可以接that从句、what从句等名词性从句作为宾语。例如:

They haven't really decided what they want to do next.

他们还没有决定下一步要做什么。

The doctors decided that a rubber pipe would have to be

let in to enable her to breathe.

医生们决定得插一个橡皮管进去,好使她能呼吸.

英语中及物动词的宾语在形式上分为3类:名词(或名词短语或名词性从句)、不定式、动名词。有的及物动词的宾语这3种形式都可以,有的只能有两种。比如,decide从不用动名词(doing)作为宾语。至于说什么词的宾语可以用动名词,什么词的宾语

可以用不定式,什么词的宾语两种都可以用?这个没有什么规律,只是习惯用法,因此大家需要平时注意积累。

6.Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly

travel faster.

这样会稍微多花点钱,但肯定是快得多了。

1) 句中的more和faster都是副词的比较级。这里隐含的比较成 分是在邮局寄信与在海上扔漂流瓶这两种方式。

关于比较级的用法规则,大家可以回顾一下Lesson 8中“本课语法”的相关内容。

2) 动词cost在这里的意思是“花费、需付费”。其主语通常为 某物或某件事情。例如:

They cost ten bucks.

这些值十美元。(注:美式英语中通常称呼1美元为buck)

Painted walls look much more interesting

and doesn't cost much.

彩绘墙壁看上去更有趣而且花费也不高。

关于cost和spend在用法上的区别,大家可参看第一册Lesson 89中的相关课文解释。

课文点评:在瓶子里放一张纸条,然后扔到海里,任其随意漂流,这就是漂流瓶。漂流瓶实际上就是用瓶子做信封,利用洋流做动力(或信使),谁捡到了谁就是收信人。2018年,有个澳大利亚人在澳洲的海岛上发现了一个有着132年历史的漂流瓶。根据瓶子里纸条上的德文显示,日期为1886年6月12日。后经专家鉴定,这个漂流瓶是德国海军观察队在19世纪下半叶为研究世界洋流而投入大海的。目前,这个漂流瓶已被借到澳大利亚西澳州立博物馆进行展出。如果有机会的话,你会扔个漂流瓶到海里吗?

本课语法

后面可跟of,from,in和on的动词

1.

英文中很多动词(无论是及物动词还是不及物动词)在表达某种(或某些)含义时,后面还可以加上某个介词,常用的如:of、from、in、on、about、at、for、to、with,等等(本课重点介绍前4个介词)。在长期的使用过程中,这些动词往往和那些连用的介词形成固定的搭配或短语,成为一种习惯用法。例如:

believe in 信仰; get rid of 摆脱;

prevent sb. from…防止,阻止; insist on… 坚持

2.

能与某个动词连用的介词往往不只一个,有的可能会有好几个。在表示某种含义时,不同的介词可能意思相同或相近,并无多大差别。例如:think of/about在表示“认为、评价”这种意思的时候就完全可以互换,含义是一样的。

但对于很多动词来说,连用的介词不同,意义往往会有明显或较大变化。例如:hear of的意思是“听说、了解到”;hear from的意思是“收到…的来信”。

3.

在学习的过程中,大家需要牢记连用的都是哪些介词,以及动词在与不同的介词搭配时都有哪些具体的含义。下面会把本课“关键句型”搭配表中那些惯用的搭配及其最常见的含义逐一进行简要解释,希望大家能经常复习并达到熟记或熟练运用的程度。当然,这肯定不是一天两天就能做到的,而是需要经常性的反复练习。水滴石穿,绳锯木断。要出效果,贵在坚持!

1)

与of连用的动词:

accuse… of… 指责…;指控,控告…

I don't think it's fair to accuse me of having an

attitude problem.

我觉得指责我有态度问题有失公允。

He was accused of family violence.

他被指控有家暴行为。

approve of 赞成,赞同

Her parents did not approve of her decision.

她的父母不赞成她的决定。

assure… of… 让…放心/相信…

He assured us of his ability to work.

他让我们相信他的工作能力。

beware of 谨防,对…小心

You must beware of strangers. 你得提防陌生人。

boast of/about 夸耀,吹嘘

He boasted of/about being the best football player in

the school.

他夸耀自己是学校里最棒的足球运动员。

complain of/about 抱怨,埋怨

TV viewers complained of those false advertisements.

电视观众抱怨那些虚假广告。

consist of 由…组成,包含

A large network may consist of over one million

computers.

一个大型网络有可能包含一百多万台计算机。

convince…of/… 使…相信…; 使…明白…

He tried to convince me of his innocence.

他试图使我相信他是清白的.

I could not convince him of his mistake.

我无法使他认识到自己的错误.

注:书上写明convince后还可以接介词about。但各种词典上均未表明有此用法。本讲座认为,这大概是个笔误或印刷错误。请大家注意。如有不同意见,欢迎交流讨论。

cure… of… 治愈

This medicine should cure you of your cold.

这种药应该会治好你的感冒。

Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.

父母努力要使孩子们戒掉坏习惯。(这是一种比喻的说法)

despair of 对…失去希望

Never despair of success!

永远不要丧失(获得成功的)信心。

dream of/about 幻想,梦想

He dreamed of/about becoming a pilot.

他梦想成为一名飞行员。

expect of 期望;expect…from… 期待,等待

Don't expect too much of your child.

别对孩子期望太高。

We were expecting a letter from her.

我们当时正期待着她的信。

hear of 听到…消息; hear from 收到…的来信

I am sorry to hear of your serious illness.

得悉病重,甚感难过.

It's always great to hear from you.

收到你的信总是让人很高兴。

be/get rid of 摆脱;除掉

It is difficult to get rid of insects. 除掉虫子可不容易。

smell of 有…气味

The room smelled of lemons. 房间里有股柠檬的味道。

suspect…of 怀疑某人做某事

The police suspected her of having taken the money.

警察怀疑钱是她偷的.

think of/about 考虑

He had no time to think of/about other things.

他没有时间去考虑其它事情。

tire of 对…感到厌烦

I never tire of listening to music. 我对音乐百听不厌.

warn…of… 警告某人某事(有危险);

warn…against… 告诫某人不要做某事

They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone.

他们警告他说独自航行危险重重。

The doctor warned the patient against smoking.

医生告诫病人不要吸烟.

2)与from连用的动词:

borrow…from… 向…借…

She used to borrow money from her friends.

她过去常向她的朋友们借钱。

defend…from/against 保护…使不受…的危险

They are ready to defend themselves from/against

Uncle Sam's imperialist policies.

他们已做好抗击美国帝国主义政策的准备。

demand… from/of… 向…要求…

They demanded an immediate explanation from/of

the Education Secretary.

他们要求教育大臣立刻作出解释。

differ from 有别于

The two theories differ from each other in many

ways.

这两种理论彼此间的不同是多方面的.

dismiss…from… 解雇,将(某人)从…开除

was dismissed from her job. 孟女士被解雇了。

draw…from… 从…中得出…

Have you drawn any conclusion from the facts?

从这些事实中你得出什么结论了吗?

emerge from 从…出现

The rabbit will not emerge from its hole while you are

there.

你在那儿,兔子是不会出洞的。

escape from 从…逃出

We had to break the door to escape from the fire.

我们不得不把门砸开以逃避火灾。

excuse…from… 使…免除…;

excuse…for… 原谅某人的某种行为

She is usually excused from her duties during the

school holidays.

在学校放假期间,她通常不必担负职责。

Excuse me for interrupting you. 请原谅,打扰您了。

hinder…from… 阻碍…做某事

That hindered him from going further.

那阻碍他继续向前。

prevent…from… 阻止…, 防止…

Further treatment will prevent cancer from

developing.

进一步的将阻止癌症恶化。

prohibit…from… 禁止…, 不允许…

Prohibit infants and young children from handling

coins.

禁止婴儿幼儿和小朋友接触硬币。

protect…from/against… 保护…不受…的伤害/破坏

Troops have been sent to protect aid workers

from/against attack.

已经派出部队保护援助工作人员免遭袭击。

receive…from… 从…收到…

He agreed to receive a deputation from the factory.

他同意接见工厂派来的代表团。

separate…from… 把…和…分开/区别

They want to separate teaching from research.

他们想把教学和研究分开。

It is difficult to separate legend from truth.

很难将传说和事实区别开来。

suffer from 患…(疾病等);遭受(痛苦、问题等)

She often suffers from headaches. 她常常头痛。

Both countries suffer from soaring unemployment

and large budget deficits.

两国都面临失业率飙升和大幅预算赤字的问题。

3)与in连用的动词

believe in 信仰;信赖

Some people believe in God; some don't.

有人信仰上帝, 有的人不信。

delight in 喜欢,以…为乐

She seems to delight in making other people suffer.

她似乎以使他人痛苦为乐。

be employed in 雇佣;利用

More than 3,000 local workers are employed in the

tourism industry.

3,000余名当地人受雇于旅游业。

Your time could be usefully employed in attending to

professional matters.

你可以有效地利用时间处理一些专业问题。

encourage…in… 在(某个方面)鼓励…

His parents encourage him in his studies.

他父母鼓励他在学习上用功。

be engaged in 正忙于,正做着

He is engaged in scientific research. 他从事科研工作。

be experienced in 在…有经验

He'svery experienced in looking after animals.

他养动物很有经验。

fail in 在…方面失败或不足

You'll fail in French unless you work harder.

你要是不再加把劲儿,法语就考不及格了。

help…in/with… 在…方面帮助…

All citizens should help the police in/with tracking

the criminals down.

所有市民都应该帮助警察追捕罪犯。

include…in… 把…包含在…

The President is expected to include this idea in his

education plan.

人们期望总统把这一意见列入他的教育计划当中。

indulge in 沉醉于,耽于

I sometimes indulge in smoking a cigarette.

有时候我会让自己享受一下抽根烟的乐趣。

instruct…in… 在…方面指导…

He instructed family members in nursing techniques.

他教给家人护理技巧。

be interested in 对…感兴趣

I thought she might be interested in Paula's proposal.

我觉得她对葆拉的提议可能会感兴趣。

invest in 在…方面投资

Now is a good time to invest in the property market.

现在是对房地产市场投资的好时机。

involve… in 把…卷入/牵扯到…

Don’t involve other people in your mistakes.

别把其他人牵扯到你自己犯的错误中。

persist in 坚持

Some motorists persist in disregarding the basic

rules of the road.

一些司机总是不顾基本交通规则。

share in 分担;分享

I will share in the cost with you.

我愿意和你一起负担费用。

本课词组/短语/句型

下面是本课中出现的一些常用短语、固定搭配或句型等(必须熟记)。为了大家复习方便,整理如下:

My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter

from a girl of her own age in Holland.

我的女儿简从未想过会接到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信。

dream of 梦想,幻想

receive a letter from… 收到…的一封信

a girl of one’s own age 一位和某人同龄的姑娘

Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane

put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a

bottle.

去年,当我们横渡英吉利海峡时,简把写有她姓名和住址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子。

travel across the Channel 横渡英吉利海峡

put sth. into a bottle 把某物装进一个瓶子

a piece of paper with one’s name and

address on it

写有某人姓名和地址的一张纸条

think of sth. again 再次想起某事

write to each other regularly 彼此定期通信

decide to do sth. 决定做某事

Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel

faster.

写信会稍微多花点钱,但肯定是快得多了。

重点词汇

1.dream (dreamed/dreamt;dreamed/dreamt)

1) vi./vt. 做梦,梦见:

I often dream at night. 我夜里常常做梦.

I still dream of home. 我依然做梦梦见家。

She dreamed about her baby. 她梦见了她的宝宝。

Ivor dreamed that he was on a bus.

艾弗梦见他在一辆公共汽车上。

2)

想到;料到:

Who could ever dream of a disaster like this?

谁能想到会发生这样的灾难?

In England they hardly ever lie, but they would

not dream of telling you the truth.

在英国,人们很少说谎, 可他们也没想过要和你讲真话。

My sons would never dream of expecting their clothes to

be ironed.

我的几个儿子从不指望别人帮他们熨好衣服。

I never dreamed that I would be able to afford a house

here.

我从没想到我在这儿能买得起房子。

3) 梦想;渴望

As a schoolgirl, she had dreamed of becoming an

actress.

她上学时曾梦想成为一名女演员。

For most of us, a brand new modern kitchen is something

we can only dream about.

对我们大多数人来说,一间崭新的现代化厨房只能是一种梦想。

She dreams to be a stylist. 她梦想成为时装设计师。

4) n.梦;梦想,幻想

Dreamers do not always remember their dreams.

做梦的人并不总能记住自己的梦。

My dream is to have a house in the country.

我梦想在乡间拥有一栋房子。

He realised his dream when he passed the

entrance examination.

他通过了入学考试,实现了他的梦想。

At last his dreams were fulfilled. 他的梦想终于实现了。

2.throw vt. (threw; thrown)

1) 投,扔,抛:

He spent hours throwing a tennis ball against a wall.

他好几个小时都对着一堵墙掷网球。

He threw his jacket to the back seat.

他把他的夹克扔在后座上。

The crowds became violent and threw stones at the

police.

人变得狂暴起来,并向警察扔石块。

2) 飞快(看)一眼;迅速(笑)一下

Ms Meng turned and threw him a gloating grin.

孟女士转过头,冲他幸灾乐祸地一笑。

The boss threw her an angry look.

老板恼怒地看了她一眼。

3) 举办(聚会) (通常在家里)

Why not throw a party for your friends?

干吗不为你的朋友们搞个聚会?


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