高中英语_Antarctica-the Last Continent教学设计学情分析教材分析课后

Book8 Module1 Deep South

Antarctica: the Last Continent 教学设计

【课前预习】

1. Try to master the vocabulary of page1-3, and finish task3 on page3

2. Review Grammar: V-ing used as adverbial and the usage of “

”

3. Try to know something about Antarctica through the tasks on page1

【设计说明】本课涉及许多地理方面的专业词汇，学生课前识记单词，通过完成课本第三页的选词填空练习加以夯实，为课文阅读做好准备。现在分词作状语和not until倒装句式在本文中再次出现，有必要提醒学生复习巩固。学生通过自主探究的方式完成课本第一页Introduction部分的内容，对极地生态环境形成初步了解，激发学习兴趣。

【课时目标】

1.通过速读课文匹配段落标题，训练学生运用跳读（skimming）方法寻段落主题句，归纳关键词能力，并初步了解描写某地自然地理特征类文章的基本结构；

2.通过细读文章，寻相关信息完成阅读任务，了解南极大陆的自然地理特征、科考意义和南极公约的重要目的，训练学生扫读（scanning）技巧的运用和推理、判断能力；

3.通过引导学生分析句子主干，训练学生分析理解长难句式的能力；

4.通过语言现象总结，归纳as well as连接两个名词作主语时的用法并通过例句熟练应用；

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5.结合课文学习和观看相关视频，探讨科考对南极大陆造成的正反两方面影响，进一步思考人类开发自然资源与环保如何平衡关系。学生在小组合作中，感受集体的力量，并提高环保意识，学会辩证的看待问题。

【课堂过程】

Step one- Lead-in

T: Hello, everyone. Now I have some pictures to share with you. Very

beautiful, right？This huge land mass is called Antarctica in geography.

(The last picture, which is about the map of Antarctica, is used to

introduce the topic.) Now turn to page 2 and 3. Our topic today is

Antarctica: the Last Continent.

Step two- Reading Comprehension

Task 1- Get familiar with 2 reading skills: skimming and scanning

T: As you can see, it’s a long passage. To make you understand it better, I

have some reading skills to share with you now.

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Ss: Know about skimming and scanning according to the hints given by

the teacher.

To get the main idea, we read by _________

How:_______________________________

To get detailed information, we read by ___________

How:______________________________________

【设计说明】学生通过这一环节了解skimming和scanning两种阅读方法，明白不同的阅读任务采用不同的阅读技巧，效率会更高，初步形成阅读策略意识。

Task 2- Practice skimming and summarizing

T: Now we need to match the heading with each paragraph in one minute,

what reading skill can we use? You can have a try.

Ss: Read the passage by skimming, find the topic sentence for each

paragraph and then summarize the key point.

Para.1 _____________________________

Para.2 _____________________________

Para.3_____________________________

Para.4 _____________________________

Para.5 _____________________________

【设计说明】该环节引用课本第二页的第一个阅读任务，要求学生依据教师先前对阅读方法的指导，通过skimming快速到段落主题句，并联系所供选择的小标题，可以迅速归纳出关键词，判断出各段段落

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小标题。

【评价说明】学生自主探究。本篇文章的段落主题句基本位于每段的首句，学生可以很容易到，问题设置简单，使学生在学习最初树立信心，激发学习兴趣。

Task 3- Practice scanning and summarizing

Activity 1:

T: Now you need to reading the pata.2 to find some detailed information

about the physical geography of the land. What reading skill would you

use? Please scan the para.1 underlining the information about its physical

geography and then write down the key words . For example (brief and to

the point)

Location: around the South Pole

Ss: Read the para.1 by scanning to get the detailed information about

physical geography of Antarctica and summarize the key points to fill in

the blanks.

Area:______________________________________

Mountains:__________________________________

Climate:____________________________________

Fresh water:_________________________________

Surface:_____________________________________

【设计说明】该活动旨在训练学生运用scanning的方法快速查有用信息的能力，并且要求学生能将到的信息进行分析归纳，出关键

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词。

【评价说明】学生自主探究。要寻的信息比较集中，在设置任务时将问题顺序稍作调整，使其与文章描述不完全一致，增加了问题的挑战性，看学生能否依然快速定位有用信息。用关键词作答，既锻炼了学生分析概括能力，又节省了课堂时间。

Activity 2: （订正活动一答案后）

T: Show students the map of Antarctica, let students focus on the

Trans-Antarctic range , and ask students : What’s the meaning of the

prefix(前缀) “ trans-” here? _________

Ss: According to the hints on the map, guess the meaning of the prefix

“ trans-” here.

T: Give students another example : transatlantic flight

【设计说明】本活动旨在引导学生关注构词法中加前缀的现象，通过图片让学生更形象的理解“ trans-” 这一前缀此处的意义，帮助学生积累词汇方面的知识。

【评价说明】学生依据图片的提示，结合地理方面的常识，应该可以猜出这里“ trans-” 表示“across or through”

Activity 3:

T: According to the information, especially the climate, fresh water and

surface state in Antarctica, we can conclude that Antarctica is the most

__________ place in the world.

Ss: Try to find one word to describe its environment.

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T: Let students focus on the prefix “in-” in the word “ inhospitable”.

【设计说明】用一个词来描述南极大陆的生存环境，旨在训练学生运用skimming的方法快速到第一段的结论句，从中选出关键词。“in-”这一否定前缀见过多次，再次提醒学生利用构词法猜测词义。

【评价说明】学生根据教师的思路自主探究。看学生能否抓住问题中的关键词conclude，并运用skimming的方法快速定位结论句，出关键词“inhospitable”.

Task 4- Practice scanning and analyzing long complicated sentence

Activity 1:

T: Now please scan the para.2 to find one sentence describing the extreme

conditions in Antarctica.

Ss: Read the para.2 by scanning to find the sentence and underline it.

Activity 2:

T: Can you tell the skeleton of this long sentence?

Ss: Try to find out the skeleton of this long sentence(句子主干).

Activity 3:

T: Here the 2 parts of the subject are conjunct by “ as well as”. How to

translate it?

Ss: Try to translate the subject according to their experience.

T: As the subject, usually “A as well as B” means “not only B but also A”

or “besides B”. So the verb must agree in person and number with A.

Give students an exercise to practice.

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The teacher as well as the students _______(wish) for holidays.

Ss: Finish the exercise according to the teacher’s explanation and then

retell the sentence in English.

Activity 4：

T: Now can you tell the reasons for the extreme conditions in Antarctica?

Just use the key words.

Ss: Try to find the key words in the long sentence.

【设计说明】训练学生运用scanning查信息的能力。该句属结构稍微复杂点的长难句，引导学生出句子的主干，即该句要表达的主要意思，再结合定状补等余下部分，完整把握句子传递的信息。

【评价说明】学生自主探究，运用scanning快速到所需信息，这一步大多数同学都能很快完成任务。长难句的分析是难点，学生需要在教师的指导下学会抓句子主干，再结合余下成份把握完整信息。学生Activity 4的完成情况恰恰能反映出其对长难句的理解是否到位。

Activity 5:

T: With such extreme conditions, only few varieties of wildlife can adapt

to it. Here are some pictures. (Show students some pictures about wildlife

in Antarctica)

Ss: Enjoy the pictures.

【设计说明】利用图片的形式让学生更形象的感受南极大陆特有的动植物，把枯燥的英文词汇和图片结合起来，学生更容易记忆。图片彩艳丽，也能再次激起学生的学习兴趣。

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Task 5- Practice scanning and guessing words meaning

Activity 1:

T: Do you think our humans can adapt to the extreme conditions of

Antarctica？No, of course not. But we know lots of scientists are

working there. Why? Please scan the Para.3 and answer the questions:

1. What is the significance of exploring Antarctica?

2. What are mentioned as important evidence for research?

3. Find one sentence to describe the picture.

Ss: Scan the para.3 and answer the questions.

【设计说明】问题1、3训练学生通过scanning查信息的能力；问题2训练学生查信息并归纳关键词的能力。同时，问题3借用图片，希望对学生的英语表述能力有所帮助，让学生感受如何用英语能更形象贴切的进行描述。与此同时，也为下一活动提供暗示。

【评价说明】学生自主学习。运用scanning准确地出信息速度越快越好。

Activity 2:

T: （借助问题3的答案提问）What’s the meanings of “stand out” here?

Tips: You can judge from the hints in the context. For example, the dark

rocks against the white snow, look at the picture.

Ss: Guess the meaning of “stand out” according to the hints.

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T: Why are rocks are so special there?

Ss: They contain evidence of extra-terrestrial life.

T: What does the prefix “extra-” mean here? It means “ outside or beyond”

here. For example, extra-solar.

【设计说明】引导学生通过上下文暗示的信息猜测词义。本句话中，两个表示颜的词dark和white是关键，结合学生的常识，不难理解stand out 在这里表示Something is noticeable. 学生知道extraordinary，这里再次提及，仍然希望学生能重视对词缀的积累。

【评价说明】学生在教师引导下自主探究。关键看学生能否学会抓住上下文的暗示语言，将其与自己的常识相结合，可以很快做出判断。

Task 6- Practice scanning and analyzing writing skill

T: Antarctica is so amazing, which arouses our humans’ curiosity. Do you

know who was the first man to make it to Antarctica? Please scan the

para.4 and answer the questions:

1. Who was the first man to land the Antarctic mainland?

2. Who was the first man to reach the South Pole?

Ss: Scan the para4 and find the answers to the 2 questions.

T: (After checking the answer to Q1) Please answer the question 2 using

the sentence pattern similar to answer 1.

S1: Try to answer the question with the sentence pattern similar to

answer.

T: Who can give us a third sentence with the similar sentence in this

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paragraph?

S2: Try to find the sentence and read it out.

【设计说明】阅读进行到这一环节，学生对于通过scanning查信息已经不存在太大困难。学生对于文本中反复出现的语法现象自行归纳用法，印象更为深刻。

【评价说明】学生在教师引导下学习探究语法现象，会归纳总结其用法，并运用到具体的语境中，体现学生的学习主体地位。

3. Para. 4 is developed in order of _______.

T: How is the para.4 developed?

Ss: Answer the question according to the text.

【设计说明】这一环节训练学生依据scanning所获取的信息分析判断写作手法。本段出现很多关于时间的数字，学生不难归纳出 “in order

of time”

【评价说明】学生自主探究。在日常阅读练习中，学生经常接触到此类试题，要引导学生积累关于写作手法的英文表述，学生要能依据文本信息进行准确判断。

Task 7- Discuss in groups.

T: With more people from different countries setting foot on Antarctica,

can you imagine what impacts could have man’s behavior had on it? You

can discuss this question in groups and write down your answers in the

paper. Your opinions should be based on what we have learned this period.

Also, you can add more details according to your common sense in

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geography. The more sentences, the better.

Ss: Discuss the question in groups.

Positive

________________________________________________

Negative

_______________________________________________

【设计说明】学生通过讨论，合理选取本课所学内容回答问题，既是对前文信息的再次归纳、推理，也是对所学语言的灵活运用。同时，引导学生能够学会辩证的思考问题，权衡探索开发南极资源的利弊。

【评价说明】小组合作学习。在小组讨论中，学生就所学内容互相探讨看法，对于文本信息的理解互通有无，在共同的分析、归纳、推理中集思广益，博采众长。讨论的结果要能体现正反两方面影响，所形成的书面语言要体现本课的文本信息。

Task 8- Practice scanning and summarizing

T: Just as every coin has two sides, many countries agreed on a treaty in

1961. Now scan the para.5 to find out the aims of the Antarctic Treaty and

then try to summarize the effects it has brought about.

Ss: Scan the para.5 to finish the tasks.

Aims:________________________________________________________

Effects:_______________________________________________________

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effects:

effects:

【设计说明】学生通过scanning，了解《南极条约》的目的并总结其取得的成果。为下一环节做准备。

Step three - Further thinking

Activity 1:

T: Do you think the treaty is very effective in regulating man’s behavior I

Antarctica？Let’s watch a video about the Antarctic Treaty and then give

your opinions about man's exploration in Antarctica or even other parts of

the earth? Shall we continue or not? Why?

Ss: Watch the video and then give their opinions about the questions.

【设计说明】通过视频让学生了解《南极公约》的局限性和不足之处，引发学生思考人类究竟该如何开发利用自然资源，提高其环保意识。

【评价说明】学生通过深层次的思考，运用所学知识作答，要体现语言知识技能的能力，还要体现学生辩证的看待问题解决问题的能力。

Activity 2:

T: Now, how do you comprehend “Antarctica: the last continent”?

Ss: Talk about their understanding of the title.

【设计说明】引导学生从文本信息本身和其内涵引申义两方面理解文章主旨及写作意图。

【评价说明】学生要能从文本信息本身和其内涵引申义两方面阐述自己所理解的 “the last continent”。

Activity 3:

T: Let’s watch a video about environmental protection and think about

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how to balance the relationship between human development and

environmental protection.

Ss & T: (After watching the video, read the following sentences together)

The earth doesn't belong to us but we belong to it. We belong to the

community of life on this planet. So try to protect the earth mother, and

live in harmony with all creatures. There is only one earth, so love it from

me.

【设计说明】通过观看视频让学生明白人类对资源的开发和利用不能以牺牲环境伤害地球上的其它生命为代价，要爱护地球，保护环境，从我做起。

Step four - Summary and homework:

Write a report describing Antarctica, including its physical geography

and the significance of man's research work there, and then give your

opinions about how to balance human development and the environment

protection.（150字左右）

【设计说明】本环节要体现语言技能目标中之写的目标。理想的状况是学生能够利用本节课所学谋篇布局，能够将所有重点词汇都运用其中，创造性的解决问题。如果时间允许，能够对学生的作品进行点评就能够检测学生是否达成了本堂课的学习目标。在最后这个环节中,

重新审视本节课的学习内容和能力目标, 以便学生对自己的完成情况进行自我评价。

Self-evaluation of this period:

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☺I can do it well.  I have some difficulties.  I fail to do it.

Learn some reading skills

Use reading skills to finish the

tasks

Take an active part in group work ☺□ □ □

Practice speaking in English

Grasp main words , phrases and

sentence structure

What is your difficulty in

studying in this period?

☺□ □ □

☺□ □ □

☺□ □ □

☺□ □ □

【设计说明】这个设计本身就是一个评价，目的是回扣整个目标，让学生自己总结本堂课的学习效果。教师要尤其关注最后一条所反馈的信息。在以后的学习中，针对学生的困难，有的放矢地加以指导。

Book8 Module1 Deep South

Antarctica: the Last Continent 学情分析

本课是高二下学期第一模块的第一篇阅读课文，作为高二下学期的学生，经过一年半的高中学习，学生已经掌握了2500左右的词汇，并具备一定的听说读写能力，有一定的自主探究意识和小组合作意识。但大部分学生的不具备基本的阅读策略，阅读能力尤其是跳读、扫读信息的能力有待提高。面对不同的阅读任务，不知道该用何种阅读方法快速有效的获取信息。在获取信息之后对材料进行进一步的归纳、

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判断、推理能力就更无从说起了。因而在阅读任务之前需要对学生进行阅读技能方面的指导。从课文内容来看，本单元涉及南极大洲的相关知识，学生在地理课上已经对这方面的知识有所涉及，在学习英语课文时切入点较低，不论何种层次的学生都能较快地进入课堂学习中。但是此类文章涉及许多较为专业的词汇，在课前让学生对课文涉及的词汇进行初步学习能帮助学生更快更好的完成阅读任务。整节课的设计旨在引导学生读懂类似某地自然地理概况的英文说明性文章，同时激发学生热爱科学、克服困难的探险精神，增强保护南极和保护地球资源的意识。相信这块神秘的大洲应该能引起学生的学习兴趣。高二学生的英文表达能力比之高一有所提高，但是英汉互译的精准度不够，口语的表达不是很清楚，在课堂教学过程中要加以适当引导，通过例句模仿，提高学生的表达能力。

Book8 Module1 Deep South

Antarctica: the Last Continent 效果分析

本节课设定以阅读课，训练学生运用适当的阅读方法高效的完成阅读任务的能力。首先训练学生运用skimming，寻段落主题句，归纳key words的能力。从学生完成任务的情况看，学生掌握良好，能够在规定时间内完成任务，且正确率较高。其次训练学生运用scanning，逐段阅读课文，寻与阅读任务相关的信息的能力。从课堂表现来看，学生在寻关键句方面完成良好，但是在对关键句进行分析、归纳关键词方面，部分同学尤其是英语学困生还是有些力不从

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心，在以后的阅读教学中还应设置相应的环节多加训练和指导。

除文本信息外，通过本节课还希望学生们学会辩证看待问题，明白环境保护的重要性和急迫性。因为有了视频影像资料的辅助，学生表现基本令人满意，达到了预想的效果。

学生在课堂回答问题，师生互动时基本较为积极活跃，也有部分学生因为基础较差，有些环节特别是小组讨论、发表自我见解方面，受英语表达能力的限制，仅是以看客的身份看其他同学表演，自身没有得到提高。主动站起来回答问题的同学，口语水平也是参差不齐，很多学生发音不够标准，表达不够流畅。在以后设计教学环节时，要考虑全面，让不同层次的学生都能得到锻炼的机会，有所提升。

Book8 Module1 Deep South

Antarctica: the Last Continent 教材分析

这篇文章的题目是“Antarctica: the Last Continent”，是Book8

Module1 Deep South的第一篇文章，为学生后期学习本模块其它文章奠定语言基础和技能基础。整篇文章由五个自然段落组成，文章结构清晰，生词量不大，难度适中。但是课文中句式多变，句子结构复杂，长短句的使用为这篇文章的学习增添了难度，同时也创造了挑战。本课是阅读课，主要是让学生通过阅读文章，首先是跳读（skimming），出各段主题句，总结归纳小标题；其次通过扫读（scanning），获取关键信息信息，进一步理解文章内容；同时，引导学生练习长难句的分析，学会借助句子主干正确理解句意。

阅读过程中，学生对于关键信息的快速定位、并进行有效的分析、

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归纳和推理是本课教学要突破的重点和难点之一。围绕这一问题，基于文本信息设置相关的阅读任务，让学生在完成阅读任务的过程中逐渐提高阅读技能。如何对文中的长难句进行句式分析是另一难题，这也是学生在平时阅读训练时较为头疼的问题，在学习中教师要引导学生从分析句子主干入手，从主谓宾到定状补逐步理解句意，过程中教师要做好示范。学生对英语句式结构理解准确，对于提高自身的书面表达能力也是很有帮助的。

人类对自然资源的开发利用保证了人类社会的顺利发展，但是与此同时也对自然环境带来了各种破坏，对地球上的其它物种造成了不可磨灭的伤害。通过本课的学习，让学生意识到平衡资源开发和环境保护的重要性，让学生学会辩证的看待问题。

选修八的课文均比较长，第一篇主课文一般分两课时进行，一节以阅读技能训练为主，结合speaking和writing等输出练习；一节以词汇、语法、句型等语言知识为主，也结合相应的听说读写训练。后三篇课文主要用于泛读训练和课文内容拓展，一课时完成。

Book8 Module1 Deep South

Antarctica: the Last Continent 评测练习

I 单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)

1. Anyone with an (每年的) income of under 5,000 yuan may

be eligible to apply.

17

2. The company has put up many advertisements to (促进) its

sales.

3. Her (缺席) meant that she had to give up such a good

position.

4. It is (不正常) to be so hot in March.

5. I work for a (商业的) radio station.

6. The film is (改编) from a novel with the same name.

7. What he said (使泄气) me from taking part in the game.

8. As a student, you have to (平衡) work and play, or you might

fail your exams.

9. In case of (紧急情况), to stay calm is the most important

thing.

10. We all regard it as an (鼓舞) for us to continue our trip on

foot.

11. They stood there, (怒视) at each other.

12. The (探险家) told the boys about his adventures in the

Arctic.

13. Chris needs to be in a place without the (极度的) pressure.

14. The (严厉的) teacher has gone abroad. You can breathe

freely again.

15. My parents thought it was (反常的) for a boy to be

interested in ballet.

18

II. 选词填空

close to, adapt to, run away, set foot on, on average, lack of,

in the form of, be trapped in, stand out, as well as, as a result

1. You must ________ the norms of the society you live in.

2. The overseas are very glad to ________ their homeland.

3. Help ________ money is welcome.

4. Our daughter is a great dancer, she ________ above the rest.

5. He ______ the crashed car and couldn't move his legs.

6．________ we receive five emails each day.

7．She buys a flat ________ her office.

8．The plant died for ________ water.

9．He ________ from home at the age of thirteen.

10．I'm learning French ________ English.

11．He was late ________ of the snowstorm.

III. 同义句转换

1. Antarctica holds 90% of the world’s fresh water, and most of it is in a

frozen state.

Antarctica holds 90% of the world’s fresh water, most of ______ is in a

frozen state.

2. The noise of the streets didn’t stop until midnight.

______ _______ ________ did the noise of the street stop.

3. Because the task was finished, they went out to play.

_______ ______ ______ ______, they went out to play.

4. To imagine a more inhospitable place is difficult.

____ ____ _________ ____ imagine a more inhospitable place.

19

5. I’m in charge of financial affairs.

Financial affairs _______ _______ ______ _________ _______me.

IV. 阅读理解

A

Penguins are the number-one attraction for many visitors to

Antarctica. If you go on a ship that is allowed to make shore landings,

you may see them. But to get a close look at penguins, you have to be

smart.

First of all, keep in mind that Antarctica's visitor rules require that

you remain at least five meters away from the penguins in order not to

disturb them. You could easily become responsible for the death of a little

penguin or the destruction of an egg if your too-close presence should

disturb a penguin parent.

If a penguin is trying to move away from you, you must stop what

you're doing and back off even if you're farther than five meters away.

However, the rules don't prevent a curious penguin from approaching

within five meters of you—as long as the bird makes the move, not you.

Little penguins, in particular, are quite curious. I've seen several

lucky tourists who were astonished to find that little penguins came right

up to them. If a penguin comes extremely close to you, remember: you

are not allowed to touch or hold them.

20

Here are more tips for getting close to penguins: Ignore the smell:

where penguins live is filled with guano(海鸟粪) and the smell takes

some time getting used to.

Be quiet because loud noises make penguins nervous.

Fast or sudden movements signal meat-eating animals to penguins,

and they react accordingly, so slow down when you walk around them.

Since it may take half an hour or more before the penguins get used

to you, you need to be patient.

Put away your camera—too often people are so focused on getting

the pictures that they forget to look with their own eyes, but most of your

most memorable experiences in Antarctica will be marked in your mind,

not on a roll of films.

1. What will happen if visitors disturb penguins according to Paragraph

2?

A. Visitors may step on a little penguin.

B. Penguin parents may break their eggs.

C. Visitors are easily attacked by penguins.

D. Penguin parents may attack other animals.

2. When a penguin is trying to move away from you, you'd

better .

A. step back B. try to stop it

C. go after it quietly D. keep five meters away from it

21

3. If a penguin comes very close to you, .

A. you may hold it B. you may touch it gently

C. you should stay where you are D. you should walk away

carefully

4. The author advises visitors to Antarctica to .

A. ignore loud strange noises

B. take as many pictures as they can

C. allow penguins to get used to them

D. stay away from meat-eating animals

5. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To offer some tips about catching penguins.

B. To invite readers to pay a visit to Antarctica.

C. To tell readers how to behave near penguins.

D. To give some advice on how to watch penguins closely.

B

The hole in the Earth's ozone layer (臭氧层) has until now protected

Antarctica from the worst effects of global warming. But scientists have

warned that as the hole closes up in the next few decades, temperatures

on the continent could rise by around 3℃, with melting(融化) ice leading

to a global sea level increase of up to 1.4 meters.

In the past decades the western Antarctica has seen rapid ice loss as

the world has warmed, but the other parts of the continent have been

22

cooling, resulting in a 10% increase in ice in the seas around the area.

This is because the hole in the ozone layer has increased cold winds in

Antarctica, making much of the continent surface colder than usual.

But now that the grasses that cause the ozone hole have not been

allowed, scientists expect the hole to repair itself within the next 50 to 60

years. By then the cooling effect will have disappeared slowly and the

Antarctic will face the full influence of global warming. This means an

increase in air temperatures of around 3℃ and a reduction in sea ice by

around a third.

The biggest threat(威胁) to the continent comes from warming seas.

Robert Johnson, a scientist who checks Antarctica ice sheets, said, “The

ice sheets in Antarctica are hundreds of metres thick. But once warm

ocean waters start flowing underneath, the ice will begin thinning and

could break up very quickly.” Thinning ice sheets cause ice to break

away from the continent and to melt even faster. Escaping ice from

western Antarctica has already resulted in a 10% rise in global sea level

in recent decades.

Johnson believes that international action to reduce global warming

is required immediately or it may be too late. “Everything is

connected—Antarctica may be a long way away but it is an important

part of the Earth's system,” said Johnson. “It contains 90% of the world's

23

ice, 70% of the world's fresh water and that is enough, if it melts

completely, to raise sea levels by 63 meters.”

Even in a worse-case situation scientists don't expect the ice to

entirely disappear, but predict that, because of the melting ice sheets, the

sea level rise will be around 1.4 meters higher by the end of the century.

6. What is the effect of the hole in the ozone layer on Antarctica?

A. It is causing the ice to melt faster.

B. It is making much of the continent colder.

C. It is making the effects of global warming in the area worse.

D. It is reducing the amount of water in Antarctica.

7. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Antarctica is now experiencing the full effects of global warming

B. The temperature has increased by 3℃ in recent decades

C. Antarctica contains most of the world's fresh water

D. Ten percent of Antarctica's ice has already been lost

8. The best title for the passage is .

A. Antarctica Melting Away B. Our Planet in Danger

C. Action Plan to Save Antarctica D. Let's Save the Ozone Layer

C

The Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.

Like Antarctica，the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica

holds the record for a low temperature reading 125 degrees Fahrenheit

below zero. Reading of 85 degrees below zero are common in both the

24

Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below

zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73

degrees below zero.

One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in

Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the low

temperature—the killing chill of the far North and the polar South.

To survive，men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They

must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times.

Not even for a moment can they be unprotected against the below­zero

temperatures.

Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap

themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult，but the

explorers can stay alive.

What about animals？Can they survive？Do we find plants？Do we

find life in the Arctic and in Antarctica？Yes，we do. There is life in the

oceans. There is life on land.

Antarctica，as we have seen，is a cold place indeed. But this has not

always been the case. Expedition scientists have discovered that

Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the

weather in Antarctica may have been much like our own.

Explorers have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to

believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests.

Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.

9. What does the underlined word “chill” probably mean?

A．coldness B．coolness C．damp

parts of the Arctic is that________.

A．there are no wildlife there B．there are no minerals

25

D．desert

10. One of the reasons why there is no man living in Antarctica and in

C．they are extremely cold D．they are hard to access

11. According to the passage, which statement is TRUE?

A．The lowest temperature of the world is in the Arctic.

B．To survive in the Poles, the explorers wear the warmest possible

clothing.

C．Antarctica has always been a cold place.

D．Coal has been found in the Arctic.

12. If you are exploring the polar region，you need to______.

A．wear only furs B．build a windproof shelter

C．use heaters sometimes D．live in groups

V. 完形填空

So far, about 27 countries have visited Antarctica for scientific

research. Hard __1__ the living conditions are, many scientists __2__ to

stay there for long periods of research.

So, how do they manage their lives on the ice?

Well, during the __3__, the temperature in Antarctica reaches about

－20℃. It falls to about －60℃ in winter. So, __4__ there are 24 hours

of sunshine, scientists must keep wearing all the correct clothes to __5__

themselves from the cold. These clothes include jeans, running shoes,

jackets, long underwear, boots and woolen socks.

Although highly technical clothing provides much __6__ against the

extreme cold, scientists often need to __7__ when there is an icy wind

blowing and the temperature is －30℃. Natural protection such as facial

hair can also __8__.

That's __9__ many researchers wear a __10__. It really does keep

you warm.

Usually, the polar researchers have __11__ meals. Some __12__

26

have feasts on holidays like Christmas and New Year's Day. __13__ are

always welcomed and usually finished quickly.

Life on the ice means living with other researchers in __14__ living

space. Most people sleep in dorm－style rooms. Some remote field

camps use __15__ tents. So, at least some researchers won't be __16__ by

annoying snores(鼾声)．

But what do they do for __17__ in their spare time? There are

actually a lot of things they can do. They watch movies，read tons of

books, listen to music, paint and ski. Some __18__ researchers might

even do some knitting(编织)．

It is important for a polar researcher to be in good physical condition.

They can be required to __19__ to heights of more than 3 000 metres and

the Antarctic atmosphere has less oxygen than that of any other __20__.

1．A. as B．but

2．A. supposed B．used

3．A. spring B．summer

C．because D．unless

C．ought D．have

C．winter D．autumn

4．A. as if B．as long as C．even though D．in case

5．A. prevent B．separate

6．A. water B．food

C．free

C．air

D．protect

D．protection

7．A. go outside B．stay indoors C．sleep on ice D．work at

home

8．A. help B．do

9．A. how B．where

10．A. hat B．shirt

11．A. bad B．good

12．A. even B．still

C．mind D．depend

C．why D．when

C．raincoat D．beard

C．sweet D．common

C．ever D．yet

13．A. Books B．Vegetables C．Songs D．Letters

27

14．A. comfortable B．bright C．tight D．big

15．A. common B．advanced C．small D．separate

16．A. caught up B．kept up C．made up D．bothered

D．research

D．Russian

17．A. sports B．fun C．work

18．A. women B．man

19．A. skate B．run

20．A. state B．city

C．polar

C．climb D．fly

C．continent D．country

VI. 语法填空。阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Arctic and Antarctic are the coldest places on Earth, where the

wind is strong, the temperatures are low and everything 1. (cover)

with snow. The Antarctic is 2. (cold) and has more glaciers than

the Arctic 3._ there is land underneath the Antarctic region. The

ability of the region to store heat is weak. The heat from summer fades

4._______ (quick), resulting in an average annual

temperature of -56 5._______ (degree). In the ocean around

the Antarctic, large chunks of floating ice form huge icebergs.

In contrast most of the Arctic region is covered by the Arctic Ocean.

Since water can absorb more heat and distribute heat more efficiently

6._______ land, the average annual temperature is about 8 degrees.

Therefore there are fewer glaciers in the Antarctic and Greenland. The

average 7._______(thick) of the ice in the Antarctic is 1,700 metres, and

the thickest point is 4,000 metres. The total volume of the Antarctic

28

Glacier is about 28 million cubic metres. The ice in the Arctic is about

two to four metres thick, and the total number of glaciers in the Arctic is

one tenth of 8._______ in the Antarctic. The tip of the

Antarctic is one of the world’s 9.______ (fresh) water

resources. Currently some countries that don’t have enough water 10.

(try) to find ways to ship the tip of the Antarctic to places that need

water.

VII. 单句改错

1．The annually rings of the tree can tell us how old the tree is.

2．The scientists adapted them to their new life in the Antarctic.

3．This young man enjoys setting feet on inhospitable places.

4．The huntsman aimed his gun for the wolf and fired, but missed it.

5．With all the crops damaging, the villagers had to plant vegetables.

6．Weather permits, we'll go to the Great Wall tomorrow.

7．We saw the winner ran along the playground for 3 minutes and

applauded for him.

8．My job is to teaching 30 students to learn oil painting on the sixth floor

every Sunday afternoon.

29

9．Having told many times，the little boy still forgot to close the window.

VIII. 写作

假设你是李华，学校学英语社团将举办主题为“Live a low­carbon

life”演讲比赛，你准备参赛，请你写一份100词以上的发言稿。

写作要点：

1．陈述理由：为什么要过低碳生活？

2．如何过低碳生活？提出至少三条建议。

3．倡议同学们过低碳生活。

要求：

1．短文须写在答题卡的指定区域。

2．内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。

3．书写需清晰，工整。

Hello everyone，

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Thanks.

Answers：

I .1. annual 2. promote 3. absence 4. abnormal 5. commercial

6. adapted raged 8. balance 9. emergency 10. inspiration

11. glaring 12. explorer 13. extreme 14. severe 15. abnormal

II. 1. adapt to 2. set foot on 3. in the form of 4. stands out 5. was

30

trapped in average to of away

well as a result

III. 1. which 2. Not until midnight 3. With the task finished

4. It is difficult to 5. are in the charge of

IV.1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B

V. 1．A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.A 9.C

10.D 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.B 18.A

19.C 20.C

VI. covered e y s

ess st trying

VII. ly→annual →themselves →foot →at

ng→damaged s→permitting →running 8.去掉第一个to 前加been

VIII. One possible version：

Hello everyone，

With the changing climate and severe pollution，I strongly believe

we should all be living low­carbon lives today.

Living a low­carbon life is a good way to reduce emissions of

greenhouse gases. I shall do it in the following ways. At home, I shall

only turn on the lights if necessary，take shorter showers and keep the

refrigerator and air conditioners in the low­carbon mode to save energy.

For transportation, the bus or bicycle will be my first choice. When

shopping. I'll limit the use of plastic bags and wherever possible, I will

separate my rubbish into non­recyclable and recyclable waste.

I am hoping that more and more schoolmates will join me in my

effort.

Thanks.

31

Book8 Module1 Deep South

Antarctica: the Last Continent 课后反思

高中英语外研版选修八的阅读文本都是篇幅较长的文章，生词量大，文中的长难句也比较多，对于学生的阅读速度、阅读顺畅度都是极大的考验。在设计这堂阅读课时，我把教学目标主要定位在训练学生的阅读技能方面。希望学生能学会依据不同的阅读任务，采用不同的阅读方法来完成任务，提高阅读效率。因而在这堂课最开始的时候，设置了一个介绍阅读方法的环节，希望通过这一环节学生能从理论上掌握skimming和scanning这两种最常用的阅读方法，初步了解阅读时究竟如何skim和scan。在实际上课时，学生基本一点就通，可以看出部分同学平时也注意到了这些方法，只是对具体怎么运用缺少理论点播，更缺少运用这些方法完成阅读任务的主动性。从接下来的阅读完成任务环节可以明显的感受到同学们面对阅读文本再不是逐字逐句啃面包式的推进，速度和效率均有所提高。理论要运用到实践中，指导实践并接受实践的检验。在接下来的学习环节中，设置了各种阅读任务来帮助学生练习skimming和scanning。第一个段落小标题的匹配活动学生完成的很顺利，本文的段落结构非常清晰，段落主题句基本集中在每段段首，很适合学生体验skimming在抓段落中心时迅速性、有效性，让学生们尤其是英语学困生获得学习成就感，让他们明白学习方法的重要性，树立继续探究的信心。在训练学生运用scanning阅读的过程中，还设置部分问题训练学生对获取的信息进行

32

分析、归纳的能力，帮助学生积累更多的阅读理解方法。

文章这么长，学生在学习的过程中难免会觉得枯燥。在设置教学环节时，学生们分享与课文内容相关的图片，给学生以视觉上的冲击，让他们在冗长、劳累的阅读过程中心情得以调剂，能继续以饱满的热情投入下一环节的阅读学习。图片和视频也对文本信息起到了很好的补充作用。比如最后一段关于《南极公约》目的和意义，课文仅是单方面提到了积极的一面，通过视频资料，学生了解到《南极公约》的局限性，意识到人类南极的科考在为人类谋福利的同时也不可避免的对南极造成伤害，从而唤醒学生们的环保意识，学会辩证地看待问题。

整堂课定位阅读为主，因而对于文本信息中的词汇、语法知识涉及很少，在本模块接下来的学习中要进行适当的补充。课时作业是写一份关于南极的报告，包括南极大陆的自然地理特征、科考意义和环保问题，在批阅时除了看其内容的完整性之外，更多地关注其对文本中词汇语法句式运用的是否准确得当，以便于更好的完成本模块的学习任务。完全纯英授课对自己还是很有挑战性的，尤其在和学生交流时，经常会忘记控制语速和用词，学生有时难免跟不上节奏，出现冷场、沉默的局面，而自己在应对时明显经验不足，力不从心，没能形成师生间激烈的思维火花的碰撞，实在是一大遗憾。在以后的备课中，对课堂可能出现的状况要设想更为全面，在备学生方面下更多的工夫。

Book8 Module1 Deep South

Antarctica: the Last Continent 课标分析

【相关课程标准要求】

33

语

言

技

能

目

标

语

言

知

识

目

标

学

习

策

略

目

标

说

读

八级目标 1 能识别不同文体的特征

八级目标 2 能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句

八级目标 4 能经过准备就一般话题作3分钟演讲。

能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或写 八级目标 2

报告。

运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和八级目标1

态度等。

词汇认知

八级目标 2 在新旧语言知识之间建立联系

策略

八级目标5 遵循记忆规律，提高记忆效果

交际

八级目标 3 根据语言使用环境，得体地使用语言。

策略

八级目标 4 交际中善于克服语言障碍，维持交际

资源

策略 泛的语言信息，扩展所学知识。

八级目标 2 有稳定和持久的英语学习动机

通过图书馆、计算机网络等资源获得更广

语

使用适当的语言形式描述事物， 简单地表八级目标 3

达观点、态度或情感等

法

情

感

态

八级目标 3 有学好英语的毅力和克服困难的意志

34

度

能用英语恰当地表达自己的情感、态度和目

标

【课程标准解读】

语言技能目标：“识别不同文体的特征”是指能够根据文章的写作特分辨出是属于哪类文章，是记叙文、说明文还是议论文；”分析理解长难句”指的是能够把一段结构复杂多变的长句，根据已有的语法知识,分析句子结构，出主干，理解句意；“经过准备”表示“就某一话题列出演讲提纲和关键词”，“一般话题”指的就是本课时老师要求的话题，可以运用“Look and Speak”的技巧或者脱稿，但不能照稿或课本念出；“能根据文字提供的信息”是指学生在阅读完文本之后，利用关键词、短语、句子等提示信息，把文本的主要内容写出来，评价的标准是书面表达是否清晰完整、准确无误，要求学生在老师的引导和帮助下总结提纲或关键词汇和句型。

语言知识目标：“运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等”是指运用当堂学习到的词汇、短语和句子来完成老师布置的任务，实现语言的交际功能。“适当的语言形式”是指符合本课时教学目标的介绍南极的语言和本课所学句型的运用。

学习策略目标：“在新旧语言之间建立联系”是指在学习的过程中能够激活头脑中原有的知识储备，把它运用到新的语言环境中，来解决新的语言问题。“遵循记忆规律，提高记忆效果”是指根据课堂老师所呈现的知识要点，观察语言，总结规律，并反复朗读，以达到记忆

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八级目标4

价值观

的最佳效果。“克服交际中的语言障碍”指当学生在用英语进行交流的时候遇到无法表达或者对方无法理解时，能够采用其他方法，比如举例说明、运用同义词或者身势语等方法来解释自己想要表达的内容。

情感态度目标：“有稳定和持久的英语学习动机”是指学生能够很好地专注于课堂学习，保持课堂上注意力集中，并拥有良好的求知欲望。“有学好英语的毅力和克服困难的意志”是指学生能够主动参与课堂讨论，充分发挥自己的主观能动性，克服英语学习的消极情绪，圆满完成课堂内外的任务，并由此带来良性的循环，更能增强克服困难的学习意志。“能用英语恰当地表达自己的情感、态度和价值观”是指学生能够积极参与课堂教学及实践，运用当堂所学敢于在全班同学面前用英语进行表达，收获和分享自己的语言习得，是自信心和合作精神的表现。

【课时目标】

6.通过速读课文匹配段落标题，训练学生运用跳读（skimming）方法寻段落主题句，归纳关键词能力，并初步了解描写某地自然地理特征类文章的基本结构；

7.通过细读文章，寻相关信息完成阅读任务，了解南极大陆的自然地理特征、科考意义和南极公约的重要目的，训练学生扫读（scanning）技巧的运用和推理、判断能力；

8.通过引导学生分析句子主干，训练学生分析理解长难句式的能力；

9.通过语言现象总结，归纳as well as连接两个名词作主语时的用法并通过例句熟练应用；

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10.结合课文学习和观看相关视频，探讨科考对南极大陆造成的正反两方面影响，进一步思考人类开发自然资源与环保如何平衡关系。学生在小组合作中，感受集体的力量，并提高环保意识，学会辩证的看待问题。

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