Lesson two
among between “在……之间”,区别如下:
(1)between用于表示双方之间的关系,不论双方的数目是多少。 Between+名词复数
The train runs between Beijing and Nanning.火车在北京和南宁两地间运行。
There is a tree between the two houses.这两座房子之间有一棵树。
(2)among后接人或物必须是三个或三个以上,在一、一组或一个整体中间。如: I saw him among the crowd.我看见他在人中。
London is among the greatest cities of the world.伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。
注:在下列情况,between 可用于三者:
(1) 两个以上的人或物用 and 连接时。如: between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间
(2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时。如:
the difference between the three of them 他们三者之间的区别
the relations between various countries 各国之间的关系
(3) 表示“由于„„合作的结果”时。如:
Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。
(4) 在 divide, share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后,若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时,用 among 和 between 均可。如:
He divided his money among [between] his five sons. 他把钱分给了 5 个儿子。
习题:
1、Paris is______ the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。
2、I found it______ a pile of old books. 我在一堆旧书中到了它。
3、There was a fight ______ the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。
4、when we talk about the universe,we mean the earth,the sun,the moon and the
stars,and the spaces______them.
There be
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there is /are 表示某个地方存在或有某个不确定的人或物。
该结构一般与介词短语连用,说明范围或地点场所。
There be + 某物 / 某人 + 某地
There be+ sb+sw
1,there is/are 结构中的实际主语是is/are 后面的名词。因此,假如该名词是复数,动词应是are.
There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。
There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。
例:There ____ a cup on the table.
There ______ some bottles on the table.
There ______ a cup and some bottles on the table.
There _______ some bottles and a cup on the table.
2,若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。
如: There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.
房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。
There are ten students and a teacher in the office.
办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。
区别:there be:表示某地有某物,指没有生命的物体有。 例如:There are many
books in the schoolbag.
have/has: 表示有生命的人或者动物有。 例如:I have many books.
3,There be 结构的句型转换
否定句
there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如:
There are some children in the picture. →There aren't any children in the
picture.
4,一般疑问句及其答语
把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。
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其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are;否定答语为No, there isn't / aren't。
如:
There is a radio on the desk.
Is there a radio on the desk ?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
规则:
is/are要提前, some 变any,其他都不变.
5,There are no students in the classroom.
=There are not any students in the classroom.
注意:There be否定句型中的not any与no可以互换。
not any强调一个都没有。
6,There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式
1.对主语提问:
当主语是人的时候,则用who 引导,
当主语是物的时候,则用what 引导。
注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
如:
There are lots of cars over there.
→What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.
→Who is in the room?
2.对地点状语提问:则用where 引导
如:
There is a computer on the desk.
→ Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground.
→Where are the four children?
3.对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:
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How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
there be句型有时态的变化
1. there be 句型的一般过去时
There was/ were+某物/某人+其他。
思考:什么时候用was,什么时候用were
There ___a teacher and 40 students in the room yesterday.
2. there be句型的一般将来时
There will be +sb/sth +其他
There is (are) going to be+sb/sth +其他
There will be a party on Monday.
There is going to be a meeting this afternoon
3.其他结构:
There be+sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间
有某人在做某事
There is a baby sleeping in the room.
树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
There is a bird singing in the tree.
街上有两个男孩正在奔跑。
There are two boys running in the street.
语法:比较级和最高级
1、形容词和副词的比较级只限于两者之间;三者或三者以上用最高级
2、最高级在使用时,前面通常要加定冠词,并有一个短语或从句表示范围“定冠词(the)+最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”
注:物与物之间比较,人与人之间比较,用介词of
如果后面跟一个表示范围的地点场所,则用in
如果后面跟一个从句,用that 引导,或省略不用
例:
• He is the tallest of the three boys
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• John is the cleverest of us all.
• This is the largest dress in the shop.
• The ChangJiang River is the longest river in China
• This is the best film that I have ever seen.
• She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
mountain 和 hill 的区别:
1) mountain 的意思是“山”、“山岳”,其复数形式mountains 常表示 “山脉”,通常指比hill 大或陡峭的高山例如:
①It’s the highest mountain in the world.它是世界上最高的山.
②The city lies in a valley with high mountains all around it .城市坐落在高山环抱的山谷中.
③the Rocky Mountains 落矶山脉
Climb mountain
2)hill 的意思是“小山”、“丘岭”,通常指比 mountain 小的山.例如:①They are
climbing the hill .他们正在爬山.②The house stands on the top of the hill.房子位于山顶上.
go/trave to the hill
3) mountain=mount, 指大山,高山。如果表示某一专有名词,而且置于专有名词前,要用mount, 如:Mount Taishan, Mount Qumolangma.
cross,across与through的区别
cross 作动词用,“穿过,越过”的意思。主要表示在物体表面上横穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等,与go across同义。
例如,Be careful when you cross the street.过马路时要小心。
Cross (Go across )the bridge, and you will see a big building .
过这座桥你就会看到一栋大楼。
cross作名词用是“十字架,十字形饰物”的意思。 across是介词,有“横跨,横穿,穿越”之意。
如,The Great Green Wall is across the northwest of China.绿长城横跨5
中国西北。across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过,越过,横穿”的意思。与cross基本同义,也是表示从物体表面经过。
例如,Go across the road , you will find the post office on your left. 横过这条公路,你会发现邮局就在你的左边。
through是介词,“在...之中,透过”的意思,常与go,walk等动词连用,表示“穿越,横穿”等意思。主要表示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等。
例如,The two friends were walking through the forest.这两个朋友正沿着森林走。 The sunlight comes through the glass.阳光透过玻璃。
along 和 down区别
go along是沿着走的意思,比如说顺着某条路走;
go down是沿着走下去的意思,有沿着什麽走到头的涵义,比如说沿着某条路走到头.go down this street,you can see a post office.
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