Not作副词的15种用法

Not作副词的15种用法

⑴Not可和谓语动词连用,表示否定,前面需有can,may,must,shall,will,do这类助动词：

He cannot come. He will not understand. You should not tell a lie. You must not do that.

They not know. John not saw it.(错误)

They do not know. John did not see it.(正确)

I know not. Fear not.(陈旧说法)

⑵Not前无需加助动词的情况：

⒈在表示对比时，有些部分中的not前可以不带助动词

He found the country not peaceful, but turbulent.(对比)

They did not find the country peaceful.(不作对比)

He came not on Sunday, but on Monday.(对比)

He did not come on Sunday.(不作对比)

He is attacked not only from outside, but also from inside.

⒉在修饰谓语后的另一动词时,not可直接使用,不带助动词

He came not to borrow.(修饰 to borrow)

比较: He did not come to borrow.(not修饰整个谓语)

We gathered not to discuss money matter.

He decided not to say anything.

⒊在not后面跟有a, the least, the slightest等词时,无需加助动词

He lost not a moment.

He said (or answered) not a word.

Not a rat stirred.

He took not the least notice of your remarks.

He paid not the slightest attention to her.

He had not the smallest doubt.

I uttered not a single syllable.

He paused not once for breath.

The incident mattered not a bit.

He hesitated not a moment(=never hesitated).

There is not a hint (or glimmer) of hope, not a suggestion(or suspicion) of wind, not a

flicker of courage, not an ounce of justice.

⑶Not和have,will等助动词可以构成两种否定结构,有时意思不尽相同：

She hasn't done it.(=I deny that she has done it.)

She's not done it.(=I assert that she has not done it.)

He won't be happy.(=I deny that he will be happy.)

He'll not be happy. (=I assert that he will not be happy.)

⑷Not可在反意问句中构成附加问句( Tag Question),前面部分为肯定句时,后面才可用否定的附加问句：

You understand,don't you?(助动词+not+代词)

比较: You don' t understand, do you?(前面为否定句时,后面为“助动词+代词”[肯定的附加问句]。)

Mary will come,won't she?(前面为肯定句,后面为“助动词+not+代词”,这时表示她可能会来。)

Mary won' t come, will she?(前面为否定句,后面为“助动词+代词”，表示她可能不来。)

John can see it. can't he?

John can hardly see it, can he?

⑸有时可用not引起短语,代表整个句子：

“Is he angry?”“Not at all(= He is not at all angry).”

“What is the girl like?"”“Not pretty.”

“Is he happy?”“Nor exactly ( or Not really)”

“Has he arrived?”“Probably not(= He has probably not arrived).”

“Has Lee made any mistake?”“Certainly not.”

比较:“ Is he angry?”“No."(No也可起同样作用,可以单独使用,not却不能单独使用。)

⑹有时not可代表一个否定的名词从句：

“Is he ill?”“I suppose not(= that he is not ill).”

“Can he come tomorrow?”“I think not(= that he cannot come tomorrow).”

I hope not. I should imagine not. I am afraid not. It seems not.

比较:“ Is he ill?”“ I suppose so(= that he is ill).”

“Can he come tomorrow?”“I think so(= that he can come tomorrow).”

⑺在否定回答中,not有时放在主语前面：

Are you angry with him?”“Not I.”(= I am not angry with him.)

“Will it rain?""Not it.”

“I think you can do it.”“Not we(or as).”

“Do you love her?”“Not I(or me).”(口语中多用us或me)

⑻否定句有时为了强调加以重复,这时可把not放在主语前面,把其他部分省略：

He will never resign, not he.

John can't marry a widow, not he.

⑼在重复的否定句中,not后面可能跟副词、状语短语或从句：

He will not come, not tomorrow.

He will never give up gambling, not until his death (or not until he dies).

He did not work, not in the afternoon (or not when he felt tired).

He hardly works, neither at night nor in the daytime.

⑽Not that… 可用来引起两个并列的句子,表示“不是……而是......：

Not that(=It is not true that) he wants to help me, but that(=but lt is true that) he needs my

help.

Not that I intended to kill anyone, but that I must defend myself.

⑾Not还可构成一些强调的否定短语：

⒈She is not a bit(or a jot, a whit) silly.

I am not at all ( or in the least) happy.

She is not nearly so pretty as her sister.

He will not for the world accept the bribe.

Greg can not ever(=never)learn.

I cannot believe it for one moment.

Do not on any account get angry.

⒉They do not care a fig(or a straw, a jot, a bean, a button).

He did not regret a tittle (or a rush).

She did not worry a bit( or a scrap, a pin).

The child did not flinch a hair.

This medicine does not cure my son a doit(or a farthing).

We will not retreat an inch.

It is not worth a damn or a cent, a dan, a curse, two hoots).

注:fig, straw,hoot这类词大多可以互换使用。

⑿有些not引出的短语有肯定的意思：

He is not a little(= very much) surprised.

He has not a few(= many)houses.

He has done it not without(= with)reason.

Not infrequently(= Very often) did he quarrel with her.

Not once or twice(=Many times) has he made mistakes.

The trip takes nowhere near ( or nothing like)(= much less than)ten days.

Is it worth anything like(=as much as )14 dollars?

⒀一个否定句,由于说话人重读的不同,有时可有不同的意思：

Maˆry didn't study English with Professor White. (Somebody else did, but not Mary.)

Mary didn't staˆdy English with Professor White. (She merely talked about it, but didn' t

study it.)

Mary didn't study Eˆnglish with Professor White. (She studied French, but not English.)

Mary didn't study English with Professor Whiˆte. (She did study English,but with another

professor.)

⒁Not在句中的位置有时比较灵活,在带有宾语从句之类结构的从句中：

⒈ not可放在前面,也可放在后面：

I do not think( or say) that he is right.(否定意义较缓和用得比较多)

I think( or say) that he is not right.(否定意义更强些)

It did not seem that he knew Japanese.(使用更普遍些)

It seemed he did not know Japanese.

He does not seem to know it.(比 He seems not to know it.用得多些)

⒉下面句子似乎更自然一些

He did not happen to see John.

He did not come to see me.

I don't believe (or suppose, reckon) he can get over the difficulty. I don't

expect( or imagine) that he can live again.但应说: I hope he will not get ill again.

⒂No和not都可构成否定句：

⒈但有时两者意义不尽相同

He is not a scholar(or genius, millionaire).( He may be an ordinary man.)

He is no scholar(or genius, millionaire).(= He is illiterate, dull or poor.)(名词前加no有时表示相反的意义)

He is not a match for you.

He is no match for you.(= He is certainly not a match for you.比上句更强调一些)

This is no time for quarrelling.

This is no place for girls.

It is no joke, no trifle(= very serious).

I like a man of no common (=a very peculiar) type, a politician of no little(=very much)

humour.

⒉下面句子都表示肯定意义,甚至积极意义

To my no little astonishment, he suddenly died.

To the no small delight of my brother, I won the game.

I know no few politicians.

I am no little pleased.

It added no little(=much) to his pride.

He talked no little.

He is no little of a diplomat.

No few(= Many of them were puzzled.

No few friends speak ill of him.