他很聪明没去参加比赛
他明显说谎了
很不幸运的是没人看到他
就我而言这是对的
评注性状语,也叫观念附加语,它不是修饰谓语动词,而是对整个句子进行说明和解释,表明说话人的看法和态度。评注性状语不与它所评注的句子在结构上紧密结合,通常位于句首(间或位于句中或句尾),常用逗号与句子隔开。评注性状语一般有下列几种形式:
评注性副词 可以代替分句,措辞很精炼
逻辑连接性副词和评注性副词
逻辑连接副词和评注性副词的位置
这两类副词通常位于句首,有时也位于句中或句尾。
A)逻辑连接副词。
例如: However, not everybody agreed.
The composition is all right; there is room for
improvement, however.
B)评注性副词 →表示推断。
例如: Rightly, he refused her offer.
He wisely took his friend's advice. 这类副词既修饰全句,也修饰主语,常用的有:
artfully, cleverly, correctly, justly, incorrectly, reasonably,
sensibly, unreasonably, shrewdly, unwisely, prudently,
rightly, wisely 等。
C)评注性副词→表示怀疑或不怀疑、真实或非真实。
例如: Obviously, he tried to tell the truth.
He is undoubtedly the greatest musician of the
country.
She can possibly do it all by herself.
Actually, he is an ideal teacher.
这类副词常用的有:likely, possibly, maybe, conceivably,
reputedly, doubtless, seemingly, arguably, allegedly,
supposedly, obviously, undoubtedly, plainly, clearly,
manifestly, definitely, certainly, undeniably, decidedly,
admittedly, actually, nominally, formally, officially,
outwardly, superficially,ostensibly, fundamentally,
essentially, basically, naturally 等。
D)评注性副词→表示情感或方式。
例如: Confidentially, he is not qualified for the job.
Unfortunately, it rained hard the whole day.
Luckily, nobody saw her at the moment.
这类副词常用的有:briefly, seriously, honestly, frankly,
flatly, candidly, truthfully, privately, bluntly, broadly,
roughly, simply, confidentially, unfortunately, funnily,
remarkably, curiously, amazingly, inevitably,
unexpectedly, incredibly, regrettably, annoyingly, happily,
sadly, luckily, tragically, understandably, preferably,
amusingly, thankfully, conveniently, significantly,
fortunately 等。
E)评注性副词→表示方面。
例如: Personally, I don't like the book.
Generally speaking, it is worth reading.
这类副词常用的有:personally, generally, literally,
figuratively, technically, theoretically, financially,
generally speaking, strictly speaking, broadly speaking
等。
4. 逻辑连接副词还有:otherwise, consequently, namely,
accordingly, correspondingly, conversely, equally,
furthermore, hence, meanwhile, moreover, nonetheless,
overall, 等。
Note:
1.有些评注性副词,既可以修饰句子,也可以修饰某一个具体的词,应加以区别。
例如: Clearly she didn't understand what you mean.(修饰整个句子) We could see the distant hills
clearly.(修饰谓语动词)
She naturally replied at once.(修饰整个句子)
She replied naturally.(修饰谓语动词)
2.有些评注性副词位置不同,则含义不同。
比较:
Actually, he did not know it.事实上,他不知道那件事。
He actually did not know it.他确实不知道那件事。
Happily, she wasn't there.幸亏她不在那里。
The letter was happily phrased.这封信措辞妥当。
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