新视野读写教程第三册(第三版)课文翻译

Unit 1

Text A

Never, ever give up! 永不言弃！

As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school

called Harrow. 英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士，小时候在哈罗公学上学。

He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have

been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. 当时他可不是个好学生，要不是出身名门，他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。

Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the

university. 谢天谢地，他总算从哈罗毕业了，在那里犯下的错误并没影响到他上大学。

He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. 后来，他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出表现当选为英国首相。

He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to

surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. 他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气，为他赢得了美名。

His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide.

他非凡的决心，不仅激励了整个民族，还鼓舞了全世界。

Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young

boys at his old school, Harrow. 在他首相任期即将结束时，他应邀前往母校哈罗公学，为满怀报国之志的同学们作演讲。

The headmaster said, "Young gentlemen, the greatest speaker of our time, will be here in a few

days to address you, and you should obey whatever sound advice he may give you." 校长说：“年轻的先生们，当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会来为你们演讲，他提出的任何中肯的建议，你们都要听从。”

The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him, and

gave this short, clear-cut speech: 那个激动人心的日子终于到了。温斯顿爵士站了起来——他只有 5 英尺 5 英寸高，体重却有 107 公斤。他作了言简意赅的讲话：

"Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!" “年轻人，要永不放弃。永不放弃！永不放弃！永不，永不，永不，永不！”

Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas - none of these can inhibit a

strong spirit committed to success. 个人经历、教育机会、个人困境，这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。

No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. 任务再苦，准备再长，难度再大，都不能让他放弃自己的追求。

Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas

Edison. 就以本时代最有学问的两位科学家——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·爱迪生为例，

Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called "slow to learn" and

written off as idiots by their teachers. 他们都曾面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评，都曾被说成“不开窍”，被老师当成笨蛋而放弃。

Thomas Edison ran away from school because his teacher whipped him repeatedly for asking too

many questions. 托马斯·爱迪生还曾逃学，因为老师嫌他问的问题太多而经常鞭打他。

Einstein didn't speak fluently until he was almost nine years old and was such a poor student that

some thought he was unable to learn. 爱因斯坦一直到将近 9 岁才能流利地说话，学习成绩太差，有些人认为他都已经学不好了。

Yet both boys' parents believed in them. They worked intensely each day with their sons, and the

boys learned to never bypass the long hours of hard work that they needed to succeed. 然而，这两个男孩的父母都相信他们。他们坚持不懈地每天和儿子一起努力，孩子们也了解到，要想成功，就绝不要怕付出长期而艰辛的努力。

In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to

achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. 最终，爱因斯坦和爱迪生都摆脱了童年的困扰，进而作出了造福当今全世界的伟大发现。

Consider also the heroic example of Abraham Lincoln, who faced substantial hardships, failures

and repeated misfortunes in his lifetime. 再如亚伯拉罕·林肯这个英雄的典范，他一生面临了无数艰辛、失败和接二连三的不幸。

His background was certainly not glamorous. He was raised in a very poor family with only one

year of formal education. 他的出身和经历真是一点也算不上光鲜。他在一个非常贫困的家庭长大，只受过一年正规教育。

He failed in business twice, suffered a nervous breakdown when his first love died suddenly and

lost eight political elections. 经商两度失败，初恋爱人的突然离世也使他精神崩溃，还在八次政治选举中落马。

Later in life, he suffered profound grief over the tragic death of three of his four children. 此后，他的四个孩子有三个不幸去世，令他悲痛欲绝。

Yet his strong will was the spur that pushed him forward, strengthening his optimism, dedication

and determination. 然而，坚强的意志鞭策着他，推动他前进，使他更加乐观、投入、坚毅。

It intensified and focused his efforts and enabled him to triumph over the overwhelming failures

and profound difficulties in his life. 这让他得以全力以赴，一次次战胜生命中的巨大困难和挫折。

A hundred years later, people from around the world commend Abraham Lincoln as the greatest

American president of all time. 一百年之后，世界各地的人们都赞颂亚伯拉罕·林肯，认为他是有史以来最伟大的美国总统。

Just like Churchill and Lincoln, only those who "keep their eyes on the prize", those who uphold a

committed and focused will and spirit, will find their endeavors successful. 与丘吉尔和林肯一样，只有那些“执著地追求成功”的人，那些保持始终如一的精神意志的人，才会通过自身的努力，获得成功。

Many artists, statesmen, writers and inventors have had the same experience. 许多艺术家、政治家、作家和发明家都有同样的经历。

They achieved prosperity because they possessed a fierce will to keep preparing and working and

a passion to succeed. 他们之所以能取得这样的成就，是因为他们拥有强烈的意愿，不懈地准备、奋斗，并保持对成功的激情。

They attained success, not because it was easy, but because they had the will to overcome

profound obstacles and to work diligently in the pursuit of their goals. 他们取得了成功，并不是因为成功很容易，而是因为他们拥有克服重重障碍的意志，为了追求目标而勤奋努力。

After growing up on a cattle ranch without running water or electricity, Sandra Day O'Connor

fought to achieve the best education possible. 桑德拉·戴·奥康纳成长于既没自来水也没电的养牛场，她努力学习以使自己接受到最好的教育。

Consistently graduating at the top of her class, she worked her way into Stanford Law School,

where she graduated with honors. 她的学习成绩在班上始终名列前茅，一路奋斗终于进入了斯坦福大学法学院，并以优异的成绩从法学院毕业。

But despite all of her hard work, Sandra Day O'Connor was still a woman in the 1950s. 尽管奥康纳勤奋刻苦，但在 20 世纪 50 年代，她仍然受到女人身份的制约。

Even with the prestige of her degree from Stanford, she was rejected from the entire law circuit

as firms preferred to hire less qualified men rather than risk hiring a female lawyer, which was

unprecedented. 即使斯坦福大学的学位有良好的声誉，她仍被整个法律界拒之门外，因为事务所宁愿聘请才干稍逊的男性，也不愿冒险破例雇佣一位女律师。

Yet Sandra Day O'Connor refused to give up on her dreams. 然而，桑德拉·戴·奥康纳并未放弃梦想。

Through sheer persistence she was eventually nominated and then appointed the first woman

Supreme Court Justice of the United States of America. 她执著地坚持下去，终于得到提名并被任命为美国第一位女性最高法院大法官。

There, she acted as a crucial vote on issues like abortion and women's rights. 她任职期间，对很多问题，例如堕胎和妇女权利，都起到了极为关键的作用。

Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not expend the substantial effort

required to achieve it. 很多人只是嘴上说他们想要什么东西，但并不真正地付出大量努力去实现。

Many people let the threat of failure stop them from trying with all of their heart. 很多人因为害怕失败而不敢全心尝试。

The secret of success is based upon a burning inward desire - a robust, fierce will and focus - that

fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tired and fail.

而成功的秘诀在于内心燃烧的欲望——一种坚定不移的意志和专注力——从而激发行动的决心，即使疲惫，即使失败，也会继续准备，继续前进。

As a wise saying goes: "It's not how many times you fall down that matters. It's how many times

you get back up that makes success!" 正如一句箴言所说：“你摔倒了多少次并不要紧；你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要！”

Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus on gradual, consistent progress. 专注于汲取更多的知识，争取持之以恒地渐进，

Maintain the strong will to keep going - even when you are tired and want to slack or the odds

seem too large. 保持永不言退的坚强意志——即使在你疲惫想要松懈的时候，或者困难重重之时。

"Keep your eyes on the prize!" "Where there's a will, there's a way!" With hard work,

determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat,

and achieve success! “执著地追求成功！”“有志者，事竟成！”只要刻苦努力，意志坚决，专心投入，准备充分，你就能跨越一切障碍，完成所有壮举，取得成功！

Text B

Chance favors the prepared 机会偏爱有准备之人

Les Brown and his twin brother were adopted by Mamie Brown, a kitchen worker, shortly after

their birth in a poverty-stricken Miami neighborhood. 莱斯·布朗和其孪生兄弟出生于迈阿密一个异常贫困的街区，出生后不久就一起被厨工玛米·布朗收养。

Because of his overactive behavior and nonstop talking as a child, Les was placed in special

education classes for the learning disabled all the way through high school. 由于儿时过度好动，还爱不停地说话，莱斯被送到专为学习困难儿童而设的特殊教育班，并一直读到了高中。

Upon graduation, he became a garbage collector. 一毕业，他就成了一名垃圾清运工。

The prospective opportunities for his future looked slim to others, but not to Les. 大家都觉得他

将来不会有什么好前途，但他自己却不这么想。

He had a passion, a dream - a big dream that he was ready to work hard for. 他有激情，有梦想——一个让他为之奋斗的伟大梦想。

He was destined to be a disc jockey, also known as a "DJ", one of the radio celebrities mixing

music broadcasts for the whole city. 他觉得自己一定会成为电台音乐唱片节目主持人，通常也叫“DJ”，那可是电台名人，专门为面向全市的广播制作音乐节目。

At night he would take a radio to bed so he could indulge his dream by listening to the local DJs.

一到晚上，他就带着收音机上床睡觉，这样他就可以一边听着当地 DJ 的节目，一边沉浸在自己的梦想里。

He created an imaginary radio station in his tiny bedroom. 他在自己的小卧室里营造了一个假想电台。

A hairbrush served as his microphone as he energetically practiced speaking his masterpieces to

his imaginary listeners. 他把梳子当麦克风，劲头十足地对着想象中的听众练习自己的杰作。

He aggravated his friends with his constant practicing. They all told him that he didn't have a

chance and he would never be a DJ. 他无休止地练习让朋友们不胜其烦。他们都说他根本没有机会，永远都不可能成为 DJ。

They scorned him and said to stop dreaming and focus on the real world. Nonetheless, Les didn't

let their negativity stop him. 他们嘲弄他，告诉他别做白日梦，要面对现实。然而，这些负面影响并没有让莱斯停止追求。

He kept his goals close to his heart and remained wrapped up in his own world, completely

absorbed in preparing for his future, preparing to live his dream as a renowned DJ. 他心中一直铭记自己的目标，继续沉浸在自己的世界里，全身心投入到对未来的准备中，去实现他成为著名 DJ 的梦想。

One day Les decided to take the initiative and begin with this enterprise. 一天，莱斯决定主动出击，开始自己的事业。

He boldly went to the local radio station and told the station manager he understood the layout

of the station and was ready to be a disc jockey. 他大胆地来到当地电台，告诉经理他熟悉电台布局环境，完全可以成为一名 DJ。

The manager looked dubiously at the untidy young man in overalls and a straw hat and inquired,

"Do you have any expertise in broadcasting?" 经理满腹狐疑地看着这个一身工作服还戴着顶草帽的邋遢年轻人，问他：“你了解播音的专业知识吗？”

Les replied, "No sir, I don't." 莱斯回答说：“不，先生，我不了解。”

"Well, son, I'm afraid we don't have a job for you then," he responded bluntly. So, Les' first

chance at success had been a complete bust. “哦，孩子，那恐怕我们没法雇用你，”经理直截了当地回应。就这样，莱斯对成功的第一次尝试完全以失败告终。

Les was determined. He adored his adoptive mother, Mamie Brown, and was careful with his

money to try and buy her nice things. 莱斯十分坚定。他很爱自己的养母玛米·布朗，还精打细算攒钱为她买喜欢的东西。

Despite everyone's discouragement, she believed in him and had taught him to pursue his goals

and persist in his dreams no matter what others said. 尽管人人都打击他，但她却十分信任他，告诉他不管别人怎么说，都要追求自己的目标，坚持自己的梦想。

So, in spite of what the station manager had originally said, Les returned to the station every day

for a week. 因此，不管电台经理之前怎么说，莱斯每天还是会去电台，这样持续了一周。

His persistence was very persuasive, and the station manager finally gave in and took Les on to do

small tasks - at no pay. 他的坚持很能打动人，电台经理终于让了步，让他做一些小事情——不过没有报酬。

Les brought coffee and food. He catered to their every need at work and worked overtime

whenever necessary. 莱斯负责给大家提供咖啡和吃的东西。他在工作中尽力满足大家的每一个要求，而且只要有需要，任何时候都可以加班。

Eventually, his enthusiasm won their confidence and they would send Les in their Cadillac to pick

up celebrities, not knowing that he didn't even have a driver's license! 最后，他的工作热情赢得了大家的信任，他们让莱斯开着凯迪拉克去接送名人，居然不知道他连驾照都没有。

While hanging out with the station's real DJs, Les taught himself their posture and hand

movements on the control panel. 与电台真正的 DJ 相处时，莱斯自学他们操作调音台的姿势和手势。

He stayed around the studio, soaking up whatever knowledge he could. 他徘徊在播音间，力所能及地汲取全部知识。

He was disciplined; back in his bedroom at night, he faithfully practiced in anticipation of the

opportunity he knew would come. 他非常自律，晚上一回到房间，就满怀着期待不懈地练习，他知道机遇终会降临。

One afternoon at work, the DJ named Rock started to feel very sick while on the air. 一天下午，工作期间，一个名叫洛克的 DJ 在直播时突然病得厉害。

Les was the only person around, and he realized that Rock was coughing and losing his voice. 周围只有莱斯，而他意识到洛克正在咳嗽，都快不能说话了。

Les stayed close in case there was some way he might help alleviate his coworker's distress. 莱斯凑近他，看看有什么办法能帮助同事减轻痛苦。

He also worried that the illness was sure to doom this broadcast. 他也担心这病肯定会让广播无法进行下去。

Finally, when the phone rang, Les grabbed it. It was the station manager, as he knew it would be.

最后，电话铃响了，莱斯抓起电话。正是电台经理，对此他已有预感。

"Les, this is Mr. Klein. I don't think Rock can finish his program, “莱斯，我是克莱因。我觉得洛克没办法做完这期节目了。”

"Yes," he murmured, "I know." “是的，”他低声说，“我知道。”

"Would you call one of the other deejays to come in and take over?" “你能打电话叫其他 DJ

来接替他吗？”

"Yes, sir, I sure will." “好的，先生，我一定去叫。”

But try as he might, none of the regular DJs were available. 但他了个遍，却发现一个正式 DJ

都不到。

MC Cormick and DJ Slick were both out of town for the weekend and DJ Neil was also feeling sick.

It seemed that the radio station was in big trouble. 主持人考密克和 DJ 斯雷克都出城度周末去了，尼尔身体也不舒服。似乎电台的麻烦大了。

Frantic with distress, Les called the general manager. "Mr. Klein, I can't find nobody," Les said. 莱斯无计可施，几欲抓狂，只好给总经理打电话。“克莱因先生，一个人都不到，”莱斯说。

Mr. Klein then asked, "Young man, do you know how to work the controls in the studio?" 克莱因先生于是问道：“小伙子，你知道怎么操作播音间里的调音台么？”

"Yes sir," replied Les, grinning with the sudden opportunity. He didn't even blink before he called

his mother and his friends. “我知道的，先生，”莱斯回答，为突如其来的机会笑了。他一刻都不耽搁，马上给母亲和朋友们打了电话。

"You all go out on the front porch and turn up the radio because I'm about to come on the air!"

he said. “你们都到前廊去，打开收音机，我马上要直播了！”他说。

Les rushed into the booth, hoisted Rock onto a nearby couch, and sat down in his place. He was

ready. 莱斯冲进播音间，把洛克扶到附近的沙发上，然后坐上了他的位置。他已做好准备。

He flipped on the microphone and eloquently rapped, "Look out! This is me, LB, Les Brown! 打开麦克风，他流利地开始了一段说唱：“注意啦！我是莱布，莱斯·布朗！

There were none before me and there will be none after me. Therefore, that makes me the one

and only. Young and single and love to mingle. 空前绝后的莱斯·布朗，独一无二的莱斯·布朗。我青春年少，单身无挂，喜爱结交；

Qualified to bring you satisfaction, a whole lot of action. Look out, baby, I'm your lovin' man." 我会让你心满意足，动能无限。来吧，亲爱的，我就是你喜爱的那个人。”

Because of his preparation, Les was ready. He had dazzled the audience and heard applause from

his general manager. 正因为莱斯勤于准备，他才能一切就绪。听众为之折服，经理为之鼓掌。

From that fateful beginning, Les was propelled to become an icon in broadcasting, politics, public

speaking and television. 在那决定命运的一刻后，莱斯不断前进，成为在广播、政治、演讲和电视等领域的一位偶像级人物。

Unit 2

Text A

Swimming through fear 游越恐惧

I was on a tour of France with my friends when our car pulled to a stop at the beach and we saw

the Mediterranean Sea. 当时我和朋友正在法国旅行，我们把汽车停在海滩，眼前就是地中海。

Massive waves surged against large rocks that formed a waterproof jetty. 巨浪翻滚击打着构筑起防波堤的偌大岩石。

People said this beach was known for its notorious rip currents. 人们说这里的海滩以其可怕的裂流而著称。

I shivered with fear. Nothing scared me as much as water. 恐惧让我不寒而栗。没有什么比水让我更害怕了。

Just the sight of the sea made me sick to my stomach. 只是看到了海就已经让我觉得反胃。

I'd always loved water and been a good swimmer until last summer, when I'd decided to climb up

to the highest diving board at the pool. 我曾经一直都是喜欢水的，并且直到去年夏天我都还是一名游泳好手。那时，我决定爬上游泳池边上最高的跳板来跳水。

I'd hopped from that height and hit the water with an incredible impact. The air was ousted from

my lungs and I blacked out. 我从那么高的地方跳下，重重地撞击到水面上。我肺里的空气一下子全被挤出去了，马上不省人事。

The next thing I knew, my brother was pulling my feeble body out of the pool. 醒来时发现哥哥正把我虚弱的身体从游泳池里拖出来。

From then on, my fear wouldn't recede; I was absolutely terrified of water. 从那时起，我对水的恐惧就没有消退过，我怕极了水。

"Jason, are you coming?" my friend, Matt, called. “贾森，你要过来吗？”我的朋友马特朝我喊道。

"Yeah," I said. "Just enjoying the view," from dry land, I added silently, worried they might deem

my fear pathetic if they knew. 我说：“好，就是欣赏一下景”，又在心里默默加了一句——在岸上欣赏。担心如果他们知道我害怕水而可怜我。

Suddenly I heard shouting in French. A mob of people were running into the sea, fully clothed.

That's odd, I thought. 突然，我听到有人用法语喊叫。接着看见一人没脱衣服，就冲到海里。我心想，这真是太奇怪了。

I glimpsed something moving up and down amid the waves, past the end of the jetty. I gasped,

realizing the catastrophe with horror. 我瞥见防波堤尽头的海浪中有个东西在上下浮动。我惊恐地意识到大事不妙，倒吸了一口凉气，

That's a little boy out there! The would-be rescuers fought against the tide, but the situation was

bleak. With the water's tow, they'd never get to him in time. 那居然是个小男孩！前去救落水男童的人们搏击着海浪，但情况却不乐观。由于水的拉拽，他们根本不可能及时游到小男孩身边。

I looked back at the boy. His head popped up, then a wave crashed over him and he disappeared

for a moment; I had to intervene. 我扭头看看那小男孩。他的头刚露出水面，然后一个浪头打过来，好一阵不见踪影——我不得不做点什么了。

I appraised the situation and realized - the jetty! The boy was close to it; maybe I could help from

there. 我估计了当下的情形后注意到了——对，那防波堤！小男孩靠近那个地方，也许我可以从那儿帮忙。

I raced down the beach, out onto the jetty, and it hit me: Water! My palms got sweaty and my

stomach felt sick, symptoms of my fear. I stopped short. 我冲下海滩，跑上防波堤，但突然我想起了什么——水！顿时有了恐惧的症状：我手心冒汗，胃里感觉不适。我一下子停下来。

The people in the water had underestimated the waves and weren't making any progress. 水里的那些人低估了海浪的威力，救援工作没有任何进展。

I was the only one who saw that going out on the jetty was the fastest way to reach the drowning

boy. 只有我注意到了跑到防波堤上是到达溺水男童的最快的路径。

Yet in the midst of this tragedy, I was extremely terrified. I tried to remember the lifeguard

training I'd had as a teenager. 然而在此性命攸关之际，我极度恐慌。我努力去回想十几岁时所接受的救生员训练。

I was paralyzed with fear, but I forced myself to move forward with this impromptu rescue. 我因恐惧而全身瘫软，但我强迫自己向前移动，展开这场突发的救援行动。

I don't want this. Surely someone else can save him before I have to. 我不想做这些，在我施救之前肯定会有别人救他吧。

At the ridge of the jetty, I whirled around, convinced I'd see an athletic swimmer plowing through

the rough water toward the boy. 我在防波堤的边上迅速转过身来，深信会看见某个游泳健将正向着小男孩劈波斩浪。

To my dismay, no one was there. I turned back out to the sea to see the boy battered by vicious

waves about 25 yards away from me. 但是让我沮丧的是，一个人也没有。我回身面向大海，看见 25 码开外恶浪击打着小男孩。

Sucking in a deep breath, I threw myself into the water. 我深吸一口气，纵身跃入水中。

As soon as I jumped in, I felt like I was back in that pool, breathless, struggling, terrified. Salt

stung my eyes. Focus, I shouted in my head. Where is he? 一跳进水里，我感觉仿佛又回到了当年的那个游泳池，我喘不过气，拼命挣扎，惊恐万分。咸水刺痛了我的双眼。“集中注意力，”我在心里喊道。“他在哪里？”

Then, with clarity, I saw a thin arm waving weakly a few yards away. 然后我清楚地看到一只细小的手臂在离我几码处微弱地挥动着。

I swam with all my strength, reaching the boy just as he sank below the surface. 我拼尽全力游

过去，在他刚要没水之时赶到了。

I grabbed his arm and pulled. He popped back up, eyes wide with terror, pawing and twisting

against me. 我抓住他的手臂拉他。他冒出水面，眼睛因恐惧瞪得很大，胡乱抓扯着我。

"Repose (Calm down)!" I commanded the boy in French. His struggling would derail any rescue

attempt, and we'd both perish. "Repose!" I commanded again. 我用法语命令他：“别慌！”他这样挣扎会阻碍救援，那我们俩就都死定了。我再次命令他：“别慌！”

Thankfully, this time he listened, and was still. 谢天谢地，这次他听话了，不动了。

When I turned back toward shore a wave pounded over us. The jetty was further away! 当我转身朝岸边游去的时候，一个浪劈头盖脸打来。

The rip current It was forcibly dragging us out to the sea. I fought to get us back to land, but made

little progress. 我们离防波堤更远了！是裂流！它强行把我们拽往大海深处。我挣扎着想带他游回岸上，但进展甚微。

I knew I'd never be able to escort him back like this. 我知道这种游法根本没法护着他返回岸边。

Desperate to survive, I remembered what I'd learned in my life saving class: Never, ever swim

against the rip current! 强烈求生欲望之下，我想起了在救生课上所学到的知识：永远不要与裂流相对而游！

Swim sideways to the pull of the current and slowly make your way back toward shore. It was an

odd-looking but practicable solution. 要顺其方向朝侧边游，慢慢地靠向岸边。这个办法尽管看上去很荒谬，但却管用。

Swim sideways and float to rest Swim sideways and float to rest. We did that over and over. We

slowly made our way to safety. 朝侧边游，浮起休息。朝侧边游，浮起休息。我们重复着这个方法，慢慢地游到了安全区。

"Jason, you can do it!" I heard Matt say as he stood on the jetty. I hadn't even noticed how close

we were, only about seven feet left to go. “贾森，你能行的！”我听到站在防波堤上的马特对我说。我甚至没有注意到我们离防波堤这么的近，只剩下大约 7 英尺的距离了。

And, as we made our way to safety I realized something incredible: I was no longer afraid. That

absence of fear was a moment of triumph! 后来我们到达安全水域时，我觉得有些不可思议：我不再怕水了。恐惧没了，这一刻我胜利了！

Matt jumped into the water. I tossed the boy to him. Just as I let go, a big wave picked him up and

carried him all the way to Matt. 马特跳进水里。我把男孩拋给他。我刚一松手，一个大浪托起他直接把他送到了马特身边。

On the brink of collapse, I stopped fighting, just letting myself go. 我全身都快虚脱了，我不再划水，就这样放松自己顺水而漂。

My hand hit the jetty. It was like an electric shock that brought me back to my senses. Someone

grabbed for me. 我的手碰上了防波堤，仿佛触电一般，我重新恢复了神志。有人抓住了我。

I felt strong arms lift me. I ascended not only from the sea onto the secure rocks of the jetty - but

also to my salvation, leaving behind the terrible fear that had gripped me for so long. 我感觉到强壮有力的手臂将我托起。我不仅从海里爬上防波堤的磐石，而且完成了自我拯救，摆脱了困扰已久的恐惧。

I turned my head and saw the boy was hugged tightly by his mother. I looked out to the sea.

Weary as I was, the water had never looked so beautiful. 我扭过头看见小男孩被母亲紧紧拥入怀中。虽已疲惫不堪，但放眼大海，我感觉海水比任何时候看起来都更美。

Text B

When courage triumphed over fear 当勇气战胜恐惧

I know what courage looks like. I saw it on a flight I took six years ago, and only now can I speak

of it without tears filling my eyes at the memory. 我知道勇气是什么样子。我六年前在乘坐的一架航班上就见识了。只到现在，凭记忆述说这件事的时候，我才不致热泪盈眶。

When our plane left New York that Friday morning, we were a talkative, high-energy group. 那是星期五的早上，当我们的飞机从纽约起飞时，我们这帮人还高谈阔论、劲头十足。

The early-morning transcontinental flight hosted mainly professional people going to San

Francisco for a day or two of business. 这趟横贯大陆的清晨航班主要搭载了一些前往旧金山出差一两天的职业人士。

As I looked around, I saw lots of designer suites, CEO-level expensive haircuts, designer briefcases

and all the trimmings of lofty business travelers. 我向四周打量一下，看到的多是名贵西装、经理人式的考究发型、名牌公文包以及气宇轩昂的商务旅行者们的各种装束。

I settled back with my paperback novel for some light reading and the brief flight ahead. 我身子往后一靠，拿出一本简装小说准备轻松阅读一下，度过时下这短暂的飞行。

Immediately upon take-off, long before we had reached our cruising altitude, it was clear that

something was wrong. 飞机刚一起飞，远未达到巡航高度时，我们就明显感到有什么不对劲。

The aircraft was bumping vertically up and down and tilting left to right. 飞机直上直下颠簸、忽左忽右倾斜。

All the experienced travelers, including me, looked around with knowing grins. 我们这些有出门经验的人都四下环顾着，会心地笑了笑。

We had experienced minor problems and turbulence on prior flights. If you fly very much, you

see these things and learn to act relaxed about them. 在以前的飞行中，我们都经历过一些小问题和气流颠簸。如果你飞机坐多了，这类事情见多了，你也就学会泰然处之了。

It wasn't long before our relaxed attitudes began to evaporate. 没过多久我们放松的心情就开始消失了。

Minutes after we were in flight, our plane began dipping wildly and one wing plunged downward.

飞行才几分钟，飞机就失控下坠，而且一只机翼向下倾斜。

The plane climbed higher but that didn't help our plight. 尽管飞机爬高了些，但于事无补。

The pilot soon provided some grave news regarding the flight. 飞行员很快通报了这次飞行的严重事态。

"We are having some difficulties," he said. "At this time, it appears we have no nose-wheel

steering. “我们现在遇到了一些麻烦，”他说。“目前看来前轮转向装置无法运转；

Our indicators show that our landing system has failed, which necessitates that we abort the

flight and return to New York. 指示器显示，我们的着陆系统失灵了。我们必须放弃飞行，返回纽约。

Because of the problems with the mechanisms, it's unlikely our landing gear will lock, so the

flight attendants will prepare you for a bumpy landing. 由于机械装置出现了问题，我们的起落架可能无法锁住，因此乘务人员将帮助大家做好准备，预防着陆时的颠簸。

Also, if you look out the windows, you will see that we are dumping fuel from the airplane. 还有，如果大家看一下窗外，就会看见我们正在倾倒飞机上的燃油。

We want to have as little on board as possible in the event of a rough touchdown." 我们想尽量减轻飞机的负荷，以应对飞机硬着陆。”

In other words, we were about to crash. 也就是说，我们要坠机了。

No sight has ever been so sobering as that fuel, hundreds of gallons of it, streaming past my

window out of the plane's tanks. 从飞机油箱里倒出的成百上千加仑的汽油就从舷窗外飞流

直下，没有什么比这种景象更能让人感到事态的严重。

The flight attendants scrambled to get people into position and comforted those who were

instantaneously hysterical. 乘务人员急于让大家各归其位，还尽力安抚那些顷刻之间歇斯底里的乘客。

As I looked at the faces of my fellow business travelers, I was stunned by the changes I saw. 我看了看这些出门公干的旅伴们，惊讶地发现他们已经神大变。

Many looked visibly frightened now. Even the most sophisticated looked vulnerable and grim.

Their faces actually looked panicked. 此时许多人显然吓坏了。甚至那些饱经世故的人们也显得神经脆弱、神情严肃。他们其实已经慌神了。

There wasn't a single exception, and I realized that no one faces death without fear; no one is

immune to its terror. 无一例外！由此，我意识到面对死神谁都害怕——无人能免俗。

Then, somewhere in my proximity, I overheard a still calm voice underlying the panic. 就在此时，在我附近某个地方，我听到一个淹没在恐慌之中的依旧从容的声音。

It was a woman's voice, speaking in an absolutely normal conversational tone. 这是一位女性的声音，说话语调完全就像普通聊天一样正常。

Despite the circumstance, there was no angry emotion or tension, and this calm voice evoked a

calm in me that quieted some of my initial fears. 尽管形势危急，这个平静的声音既没有愤怒之情也没有紧张，唤醒了我内心的镇静，抚平了我最初的恐惧。

It became imperative that I find her. 我急需到她。

All around the cabin, people cried. Many moaned and screamed. 整个机舱都是人们的哭喊声。许多人呻吟着、尖叫着。

A few of the men maintained their appearance of calm by bracing against their armrests and

grinding their teeth, but their fear was written all over them. 几个男人死死撑住座位扶手，咬紧牙关，竭力保持镇静，但是浑身上下都透出惶恐。

Try as I might, I could not have spoken so calmly, so sweetly at that moment as the fabulous voice

I heard. Finally, I saw her. 尽管我竭尽全力，但此刻我怎么也不可能像我听到的那个美妙的声音那样，讲话如此镇定、如此动听。终于，我看到了她。

In the midst of all the chaos, a mother was talking, just talking to her child. 混乱之中，一位母亲正在讲话，她就只对着自己的孩子讲。

The woman, in her mid-30's and unremarkable looking in any other way, was staring full into the

face of her daughter, who looked about four years old. 这名妇女 35 岁左右，无论怎么看都相貌平平。她正目不转睛地盯着女儿的脸，女儿看起来大约四岁。

The child listened closely, sensing that her mother's words were invaluable. 孩子仔细聆听，意识到母亲的话语的分量。

The mother's gaze held the child so fixed and intent that the child seemed untouched by the

sounds of grief and fear all around her. 母亲凝视的目光让孩子听得聚精会神，似乎一点也不为周围人们哀伤和惊恐的声音所动。

I strained to hear what this mother was telling her child. I relished the sound of calm confidence

amongst the terror. 我竭力想听清这位母亲在跟孩子讲些什么。我喜欢这恐惧中的淡定之声。

Finally, I hovered nearby and by some miracle could hear her soft, sure, confident voice say in a

calming tone over and over again, 最后，我凑得近了些。幸运的是，我听清了这温柔、沉着而自信的声音。她用平静的语调一遍遍地说：

"I love you so much. Do you know for sure that I love you more than anything? “我十分爱你。你相信我爱你胜过一切么？”

“Yes, Mommy,” the little girl said. “是的，妈咪，”小姑娘答道。

"And remember, no matter what happens, that I love you always; and that you are a good girl.

“不管发生什么事情，都要记住我永远爱你，你是个好孩子。

Sometimes things happen that are not your fault. You are my beloved, good girl and my love will

always be with you." 有些事情的发生并不是你的错。你是我的乖女儿，我的爱将永远伴随着你。”

As her first concern was for her daughter's well-being, the mother then put her body over her

daughter’s, strapping the seat belt over both of them to save her daughter from a possible

wreckage. 母亲首先心系女儿的安危，她俯身挡在女儿身上，用安全带系住她们俩人，以免女儿被可能的失事残片所伤。

Then, for no earthly reason, our landing gear held and we glided to a gentle stop. 而后，天知道什么原因，我们的起落架居然锁住了，飞机滑行，平稳停下。

It was all over in seconds. Our touchdown was smooth and easy; the tragedy we had feared was

not our destiny. 几秒钟后一切都过去了。我们着地顺利、轻松；我们所恐惧的悲剧并没有成为我们的宿运。

The voice I heard that day never hesitated, never acknowledged dread, and maintained an

evenness that seemed emotionally and physically impossible. 那天我听到的那个声音没有丝毫的动摇，没有流露出半点惧怕，保持了一份平和。

During that descent, not one of the hardened business people could have spoken without a hint

of fear in their voice. 那份平和无论从感情上还是从生理上来讲都令人难以置信。在飞机下坠的过程中，见惯世事的商人们当时说话声中无不流露出恐惧。

Only the greatest courage, with a foundation of even greater love, had brought that mother up

and lifted her above the chaos around her. 只有最伟大的勇气，以更伟大的爱为根基，才支撑起这位母亲，使她超然于周围的混乱之上。

That mom showed me the amazing power of love. And for those few minutes, I heard the voice

of true courage. 那位母亲给我展现了爱的惊人力量。在那短短几分钟里，我听到了真正勇气的声音。

Unit 3

Text A

Audrey Hepburn- A true angel in this world 奥黛丽·赫本——人间天使

Audrey Hepburn thrilled audiences with starring roles in noteworthy films like Breakfast at

Tiffany's, Sabrina, Roman Holiday, My Fair Lady, War and Peace, and Always. 奥黛丽·赫本在《蒂凡尼的早餐》、《龙凤配》、《罗马假日》、《窈窕淑女》、《战争与和平》和《直到永远》等出电影中主演的许多角让观众为之陶醉。

Despite her success in the film domain, the roles she most preferred portraying were not in

movies. 尽管在电影界获得成功，但她最愿意塑造的角却并不在影片中，

She was an exemplary mother to her two sons and a UNICEF (the United Nations International

Children's Emergency Fund) Ambassador of Goodwill serving victims in war-torn countries. 而是做两个儿子的模范母亲和联合国儿童基金会亲善大使，为饱受战争蹂躏的人们服务。

As a young girl during the Nazi occupation of her native Holland, Audrey Hepburn was aware of

the brutality, death, and destruction of war. 作为一名在纳粹占领下的祖国荷兰生活的小女孩，奥黛丽·赫本清楚战争所带来的野蛮、死亡和破坏。

She was hungry and malnourished, as her family was bankrupted as a result of the invasion. 由于受到侵略，家庭破产，奥黛丽经常食不果腹，营养不良。

Audrey's father abandoned the family, and two of her uncles were taken captive and killed. 她的父亲拋弃了家庭，两个舅舅也被俘，并且惨遭杀害。

Audrey was grabbed off the street by Nazis and placed in line to be sent to a work camp. 奥黛丽被纳粹分子从大街上抓走，与准备被押往劳役营的人放在一起。

When the guards glanced away she darted off, barely escaping, and huddled in a cold, foul

basement full of rats. 趁卫兵不注意，她飞快地跑开，惊险逃脱了，蜷缩着躲在一个满是耗子、又冷又脏的地下室里。

The little girl who would become the world's most magical actress began as an anonymous

refugee confronting life's horrors and fragility firsthand. 这个日后将成为世界上最具魅力女星的小女孩刚开始只是一个无名难民，直面生命中的恐惧和脆弱。

But she refused to allow her spirit to be afflicted by the desperate reality of her young life. 不过她并没有让自己的精神受到幼年生活中残酷现实的影响。

Instead, she transcended those challenges but never forgot what it felt like to suffer, to be hungry,

alone and helpless. 相反，她克服了种种挑战，而又从没忘记那种受苦挨饿、孤立无助的感觉。

After the war, Audrey and her mother left Holland, arriving in London as poor immigrants. 战后，奥黛丽和母亲离开荷兰，到达伦敦，成了贫穷的移民。

Her dream of becoming a prime dancer drove her into a rigorous schedule at a famous ballet

school. 奥黛丽梦想成为一名一流的舞蹈家，这驱使她去了一所著名的芭蕾舞学校，接受严苛的训练安排。

Later, she was spotted by a producer and eventually landed a role in the film Roman Holiday

starring Gregory Peck, one of Hollywood's top leading men. 后来，她被一位制片人发现，并最终得到机会，在好莱坞顶级男演员格列高利·派克主演的电影《罗马假日》中饰演一角。

Soon, Audrey was transformed from a malnourished immigrant to an internationally famous

movie star. 很快，奥黛丽就从营养不良的移民变成了国际知名的影星。

Director Billy Wilder complimented her, saying, "Audrey walked beautifully, she spoke beautifully.

导演比利·怀尔德称赞她说：“奥黛丽行姿优美，言谈优雅。”

Although she won many Academy Awards and other honors for acting, Audrey felt that her most

significant work was humanitarian work with those in need, and as the mother to her two sons.

尽管她数度获得奥斯卡金像奖和其他演艺荣誉，奥黛丽觉得自己最重要的工作还是为那些需要帮助的人开展人道主义服务，以及当好两个儿子的母亲。

She suffered through two divorces and from her memories of the war. 她经历了两次离婚，并忍受着战争记忆带给她的悲伤，

Yet, Audrey never let her sadness overcome her or jeopardize her hope for a brighter future. 然而，奥黛丽从不让这些悲伤支配自己，或者影响自己对美好未来的向往。

Audrey finally met her soul mate, Robert Wolders, and spent the last 12 years of her life with him.

最后，奥黛丽遇到了她的灵魂伴侣，罗伯特·沃尔德斯，并和他一起度过了人生的最后 12 年。

Becoming famous never changed Audrey's generous and compassionate character. 成名从没改变奥黛丽慷慨大方、慈悲为怀的性格。

She felt a deep sense of responsibility to alleviate suffering of those in need, especially children.

她怀有一种强烈的责任感，要减轻生活困难的人——特别是儿童——的痛苦。

Friends said Audrey had a complete lack of ego and accepted and appreciated others as they

were. 朋友们说，奥黛丽一点都不自我，并且接受和欣赏别人的一切。

Though she became very wealthy, she owned only one home in Switzerland. 尽管她十分富有，

但奥黛丽只有一套住房，在瑞士。

For Audrey it was a paradise where she could hide from the world with her beloved family, work

in her garden and take long walks in nature. 对奥黛丽而言，它是一个天堂。在那里她可以和心爱的家人一起避开尘世，在花园劳作，在大自然里悠然散步。

In 1988, Audrey was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF designed to provide

emergency food and healthcare to children suffering the destruction of war or other catastrophes.

1988 年，奥黛丽被任命为联合国儿童基金会亲善大使，这个基金会专门为受到战争或其他大灾难伤害的儿童提供紧急食品援助和卫生保健。

In that role, her lifelong passion for helping those in need, found its greatest calling. 亲善大使这个角让她毕生帮助有困难的人的热情化为了神圣的使命。

She turned down three million dollars to pen her autobiography and instead accepted one dollar

a year in the more conscientious role as diplomat for UNICEF. 别人出三百万美金请她写自传，她拒绝了。但她却接受了每年一美元的联合国儿童基金会大使这个更需责任心的角。

For seven months out of each of her last five years, she and Robby left the peace and beauty in

their cozy home to embark on outreach trips into some of the most difficult places on earth. 在生命的最后五年里，每年她和罗比都有七个月离开他们温馨居所的静谧和美丽，启程外出到地球上最困难的一些地方去。

From Bangladesh, Sudan, India, Vietnam, Kenya, Ethiopia, Central and South America, to Somalia,

Audrey Hepburn traveled representing UNICEF, 从孟加拉国、苏丹、印度、越南、肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、中南美洲到索马里，奥黛丽·赫本代表联合国儿童基金会四处奔走，

making over 50 emotionally draining and physically dangerous missions into bleak destinations to

raise world awareness of wars and droughts. 承担了五十多项劳心劳力、危及生命安全的任务，深入到荒凉之地，唤起世界人民对战争和旱灾的关注。

Having been a victim of war, she understood the blessing of being the beneficiary of food,

clothing, and, most of all, hope. 因为自己曾经也是战争受害者，她理解得到食品和衣物的援助，尤其是获得希望，是多大的幸福。

Audrey felt it was wicked that billions of children were deprived of simple joys and drowned in

overwhelming misery. 奥黛丽觉得，太多的儿童被剥夺了简单的快乐而陷入无边的痛苦之中，这是一种罪恶。

She believed deeply in the ideology that all people share in the duty to care for those in need.

Audrey Hepburn was always ready to lead by example. 她坚信一个理念：所有人都有责任去关心那些需要帮助的人。奥黛丽·赫本始终都身为表率。

She said: "When you deny childhood, you deny life. 她说：“当你放弃童年，你就放弃了生命。”

She saw UNICEF's work as an integral, sacred force in people's lives and said of UNICEF's results,

"Anyone who doesn't believe in miracles is not a realist." 她将联合国儿童基金会的工作看作人们生活中不可分割、神圣的力量，谈到其成果时她说：“任何不相信奇迹的人都不是一个现实主义者。”

In 1992, Audrey was stricken by cancer. She, Robby and her two sons returned to their home in

Switzerland for their last Christmas together. 1992 年，奥黛丽患了癌症。她和罗比、两个儿子回到他们在瑞士的家，一起度过了最后一个圣诞节。

Audrey's long-time friend and world-famous French fashion designer, Hubert de Givenchy, spoke

to his cherished friend for the last time, just before she died. 奥黛丽的老朋友、世界著名的法国时装设计师于贝尔·德·纪梵希在她去世前，最后一次和他的挚友说话。

He said she was serene at the end because she knew she had achieved everything with

perfection". 他说她“……最后是安详的，因为她知道她已经完美地实现了一切”。

Audrey Hepburn's passion for service was enduring. 奥黛丽·赫本对服务的热情是持久的。

Even as her life ended at 63 years of age, she remained a gracious woman who perpetually

signified simplicity, charity, charm and kindness. 即使在她 63 岁生命终止的时候，她仍然充满着关爱，永远象征着纯朴、仁爱、魅力和善良。

The majesty of Audrey Hepburn's spirit of social responsibility and dedication lives on in her

words: "Remember, if you ever need a helping hand, it's at the end of your arm. 奥黛丽的社会责任感和奉献的伟大精神在她的话语中得以传扬：“记住，如果你在任何时候需要一只手来帮助你，你可以在自己手臂的末端到它。

As you get older, remember you have another hand: The first is to help yourself, the second is to

help others." 随着你的成长，记住你还有一只手，一只用来帮助自己，另一只用来帮助别人。”

And "For beautiful eyes, look for the good in others; for beautiful lips, speak only words of

kindness; and for poise, walk with the knowledge that you are never alone." “要想有美丽双眸，就要善于发现他人优点；要想双唇动人，只说和善之辞；要想镇定自信，谨记自己始终与大家同行。”

Text B

A life in film 斯皮尔伯格的电影人生

Steven had to face rejections and obstacles in his film-creating efforts, but his persistence and

dedication transformed the obstacles into an alternative route to success. 史蒂文在拍摄电影的努力过程中不得不面对无数拒绝和障碍，但他的坚持和付出将困难转变成了一条成功之道。

At 12 years old, Steven Spielberg was already visiting film shootings at Universal Studios in his

office suit, a packed lunch tucked into his briefcase. 年仅 12 岁，史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格就已身着办公制服，公文包里带着午餐，光顾环球影视公司的电影拍摄了。

The young boy tried to immerse himself in film in any way possible. 这个男孩尽力通过各种方法让自己融入电影。

He had been given an administrative job at Universal Studios from a friend of his father's, 他父亲的一位朋友曾给他一份在环球影视公司的行政工作。

and every day, even though he didn't have a legitimate security pass, he would try to manipulate

his way past the guards and into his personal paradise. 每天，即使他没有合法安检通行证，他依然设法绕过看守，进入自己的天堂。

Such persistence is hardly surprising from a boy whose lifelong conviction was to "Make sure you

are right and go on!" (adopted from a 1954 Disney film). 对于一位终身信念是“确定你是对的，然后勇往直前！”（出自一部 1954 年迪斯尼影片）的小男孩而言，这种坚持并不让人意外。

When Steven was eight years old, his father gave him a Brownie 8 mm film camera as his birthday

present. 史蒂文 8 岁时，父亲送给他一部布朗尼 8 毫米电影摄像机作为生日礼物。

Steven immediately began collecting footage of family events, and he simulated action scenes

with his miniature toy spacecraft, populating his films with his neighborhood friends as actors.

史蒂文马上着手收集家庭事件的镜头，用自己的微型玩具飞船模拟动作场景，并让街坊朋友在他的影片中做演员。

People quickly began to recognize his terrific talent, and he won a prize for cinematography for

his early western The Last Gunfight; 人们很快开始发现他惊人的才能：凭借早期西部片《最后的战》，他赢得一项摄影奖；

years later, he won a national contest for his film Escape to Nowhere. 几年后又凭电影《无处容身》在全国比赛中获胜。

His film Firelight was twice analyzed by a national newspaper and was presented in the city

theater as if it were a Hollywood premiere. 他的电影《火光》得到一家全国性报纸的两次评析，并在当地电影院像首映的好莱坞大片一样放映。

By the time he was 17 years old, Steven had established himself as a director with the artistic

intuition of a man twice his age. 到 17 岁时，史蒂文已经确立了自己导演的地位，并具有年龄大自己一倍的人才有的艺术直觉。

His achievements are certainly related to the personal obstacles and setbacks he faced from an

early age. 他的成就和他早年经历的那些障碍和挫折息息相关。

Steven's family moved often, so that he was constantly trying to find his place in a turbulent

environment with new people. 史蒂文的家庭经常搬迁，于是他总要在动荡的环境、陌生的人中寻自己的位置。

Despite his natural intelligence, Steven had a carefree attitude and put little effort into school. He

consistently earned only a C average, or lower. 尽管天生聪明，史蒂文却态度散漫，对学业并不上心，平均成绩一直只能得 C 或更低。

Socially, he wasn't athletic or popular, and since his conspicuous interest in film made him seem

eccentric, classmates shunned and mocked him. 在社交方面，他体育上不擅长，也不受人欢迎。由于他的兴趣明显都在电影上，他看上去古里古怪，同学们不是躲着他就是取笑他。

His home life was not ideal either, as his father's rigid engineering temperament could not

understand his or his mother's artistic personalities. 由于工科出身的父亲性格呆板，不理解他和母亲的艺术个性，他的家庭生活也不理想。

Steven would miss his father when he was gone for long work trips, and then reverted to

furiously arguing with him as soon as he returned. 在父亲外出工作的漫长期间，史蒂文也会想念他，但一回家两人就又狂暴地争吵。

Finally, when he was in high school, his parents ended their unhappy marriage with a divorce. 最后，在他上高中时，父母离婚，结束了他们不幸福的婚姻。

The theme of the lack of a father figure consistently infected Steven's films. 缺少父亲形象的主题一直影响着史蒂文的影片。

Unfriendly surroundings at home and school made Steven strive even harder to achieve in the

film world. 家庭和学校的冷漠环境让史蒂文更加努力，以期在电影界有所成就。

He applied to two of the best film schools in the country: the University of Southern California

and the University of California, Los Angeles. 他申请了两家国内最好的电影院校，南加州大学和加州大学洛杉矶分校。

But even with a formidable 10 years of experiences in filmmaking and his friends at Universal

Studios endorsing him, his grades were too poor, and he was flatly turned down at both

institutions. 尽管有十年丰富的电影制作经验和环球影视公司朋友的支持，但是由于成绩太差，他仍被两个大学断然拒绝。

Unwilling to give up, Steven entered the California State University, where he hoped the program

in TV and radio might open his way to Hollywood. 史蒂文不愿意就此放弃，去了加州州立大学。他希望在那里广播电视的专业学习能打开他通往好莱坞的道路。

Unfortunately, the university was not suited to his experience, and one academician recalled,

"Steven knew more about cameras, mounts, and lenses than anyone else in the department. 不幸的是，这所大学并不适合他这种经历的人。一位学者回忆道：“史蒂文比系里的任何人都更懂摄像机、底座、镜头等相关知识，他完全可以在那里任教。”

He could teach there." Despite his manifest talent, his low grades sabotaged transfer attempts,

forcing real film schools to withhold acceptance. 尽管他才华出众，但学业成绩太低使他转学受挫，真正的电影学校都不接纳他。

Steven contrived to rectify the situation on his own by diverting his attention away from

academics. 史蒂文设法自己改变处境，将注意力从学业转移开来。

He cleaned his old suit and briefcase and returned to visiting Universal Studios where he had

worked as a boy. 他清理好旧制服和公文包，重新回到儿时曾工作过的环球影视公司。

He discreetly sneaked into any department he could, such as shooting rooms, editing and

sound-mixing studios, and he quietly watched until he was discovered and ordered to leave. 他悄悄地溜进任何他能进入的部门，像拍摄间、剪辑间、音效间等，静静地观看，直到被人发现并被赶走。

Introducing himself under the pretext of being either an actor, director, or producer, he would

invite people to dinner to make connections and learn as much as he could. 他假装介绍自己是演员、导演或制片人，邀请别人一起吃饭来积攒人脉，并尽可能地学习。

Even though he was caught and expelled at least once a day, he always returned to smuggle

himself back in again. 即使他每天至少有一次会被逮到并被赶走，但他总是回来再偷偷混进去。

Steven repeatedly tried to prove himself to the Universal executives, while working in a cafeteria

to save up money for equipment. 史蒂文一边再三向环球公司管理层证明自己，一边在餐厅打工攒钱买设备。

He would discretely create scenes and then shoot and re-shoot his movies. 他将各场景单独进行创作，一次又一次地拍摄。

He kept upgrading from 8 to 16 and finally 35 mm film before he was allowed a screening. 在得到放映机会前，他不断升级胶片，从 8 毫米到 16 毫米，再到 35 毫米。

Finally, his film Amblin was given a chance in front of the executives. 最后，他的影片《漫步前行》终于有机会出现在管理层面前。

It was a short, silent film and the plot differed greatly from the sci-fi and combat films that would

later predominate Steven's career. 这是一部无声短片，情节和史蒂文日后职业生涯中的主流科幻片和战争片大相径庭。

Still, the short film was awesome enough to win Steven, only 21 years old, a seven-year contract

with Universal Studios. 不过那个短片依然足够精彩，为年仅 21 岁的史蒂文赢得了环球的七年合约。

After directing smaller TV dramas and low-budget projects, Steven earned the chance to direct

his big Hollywood debut: a thriller film starring a shark! 在执导了多部小型电视剧和低成本项目后，史蒂文得到机会导演他的第一部好莱坞大片，一部关于鲨鱼的惊悚片！

Jaws was a box office hit and it made Steven famous. 《大白鲨》成为了票房冠军，让史蒂文一举成名。

He continued his relationship with Universal Studios to produce the notable movies E.T., Jurassic

Park, and Schindler's List 他和环球继续合作，又拍摄了《外星人》、《侏罗纪公园》和《辛德勒的名单》等著名影片。

As his first producer said, "It is not by any coincidence that Steven is in his present position." 正如他的第一个制片人所言：“史蒂文能达到目前的地位绝非偶然。”

Instead, it is Steven's committed spirit that has strengthened him in standing fast against all

rejections, prejudice and skepticism and driven him to keep moving onward. 相反，是史蒂文执著的精神让他能够脚踏实地，直面所有拒绝、偏见和怀疑，并推动他持续向前。

Unit 4

Text A

The surprising purpose of travel 令人惊奇的旅行目的

It's 4:15 in the morning, and my alarm clock has just stolen away a lovely dream. 早晨四点一刻，闹钟把我从美梦中惊醒，要不是突然看见早已收拾好的行李箱，

I almost return back to sleep before my eye catches my packed suitcase and I groan,

remembering that I'm going to the airport. 我几乎又要睡着。想起来还要去机场，我叹了口气。

The taxi is late and then lost, and I'm getting increasingly nervous that I'll miss my flight. 出租车来晚了，并且在途中迷了路，我越来越担心会赶不上飞机。

I run in when we arrive, stagger through security and finally get to my gate. 出租车一到机场我就冲进去，跌跌撞撞通过安检处，终于，我来到了登机口。

After all the trouble of this morning, my flight is canceled and I'm stuck in this terminal for the

next 218 minutes, and my only consolation is a cup of complimentary airport coffee. 经历这一早所有的麻烦事，我乘坐的航班却被取消了。在接下来的 218 分钟里，我被困在了机场，唯一觉得安慰的是机场提供的一杯免费咖啡。

This is traveling, a burdensome series of running and waiting, and after countless hours, finally

getting there. 这就是旅行，让人心烦的跑跑停停。最终，在不知经过多少小时之后，终于到达要去的地方。

Why do we travel? I don't mind the actual flying, the wonder of being airborne in a dense metal

bird. 我们为什么要旅行？其实，我并不介意飞行本身，在这样一个密实的金属大鸟中飞行，让我感到很奇妙。

The rest of the journey, however, can feel like a tedious lesson in the ills of modernity, from the

predawn x-ray screening to the sad airport malls selling clusters of keepsakes. 然而，旅程其余的部分，从一大早 X 光检查到出售大堆纪念品的糟糕的机场商场，感觉就像是关于现代社会弊病的乏味课程。

It's the result of a globalized world, and it sucks. 这是全球化的结果，它糟糕透了。

Sometimes, of course, we travel because we need to. 当然，有时候我们旅行是因为我们需要去旅行。

Because in this digital age, there is still something important about the handshake at a business

luncheon. 因为即使在这个数字化时代，我们仍然有一些很重要的事情要去做，比如在商务午餐中与生意伙伴握手，

Or eating mom's special food on Thanksgiving. Or seeing your girlfriend on your 2-year

anniversary. 或是在感恩节这天吃上妈妈特别准备的食物，或是在你和你女朋友的两周年纪念日这天去看她。

But most travel is decidedly optional. Only corporate travel, about 30% of trips over 50 miles, is

truly compulsory. 但是大多数旅行是可去可不去的，在超过 50 英里的旅行中，只有 30%属于真正必需的商务旅行。

Instead, we travel because we want to, because the annoyances of the airport are offset by the

thrill of being someplace new. 我们旅行是因为我们想要去旅行，因为到一个新地方的兴奋和激动可以抵消在机场的各种烦心事；

Because work is stressful and our blood pressure is too high and we need a vacation somewhere

tropical. Because home is boring. 因为工作压力太大，我们的血压太高，我们要去热带地区度假；

Because the flights are on sale. Because Paris is Paris. 因为在家实在太无聊；因为航班都在打折；

因为巴黎毕竟是巴黎。

Thanks to modern aviation, we can now move through space at an inhuman speed. 多亏了现代航空技术，我们现在可以以非凡的速度在空中穿梭。

For the first time in human history, we can outrun the sun and move from one hemisphere to

another in a single day. 在人类历史中，这是我们第一次超过太阳——在短短一天中从一个半球到达另一个半球。

Of course, it's not enough to simply get on a plane. 当然，仅仅往飞机上一坐是不够的。

If we want to realize the creative benefits of travel, then we have to re-think its overall purpose.

我们要想认识到旅行在提高创新力方面的价值，还得再全面考虑其目的。

Most people, after all, escape to Paris so they don't have to think about those troubles they left

behind. 毕竟，大多数人逃到巴黎，是因为这样他们就可以不必考虑家里的那些烦心事。

But here's the irony: Our mind is most likely to solve our most stubborn problems while we are

sitting in luxury in a Left Bank cafe. 但是，具有讽刺意味的是，当我们坐在豪华的左岸咖啡馆时，我们的脑子极有可能能解决那些最棘手的问题。

So, instead of contemplating that buttery dessert, we should be conscious of those domestic

issues we just can't solve. 因此，我们应该考虑那些在家里解决不了的问题，而不是琢磨那些奶油甜点。

The larger lesson, though, is that our thoughts are saturated with the familiar. 但更应该知道的是我们的思想被熟悉的东西所充满。

The brain is a space of near infinite possibility, which means that it spends a lot of time and

energy choosing what not to notice. 大脑是一个几乎具有无限可能性的空间，这就意味着它花了大量的时间和精力选择不去注意什么。

As a result, creativity is traded away for efficiency; we think in finite, literal prose, not symbolic

verse. 因此，我们牺牲创造力来换取效率。我们以字义明确的散文方式思考，而非以具有象征意义的诗歌方式思考。

A bit of distance, however, helps loosen the cognitive chains that imprison us, making it easier to

mingle the new with the old; the mundane is grasped from a slightly more abstract perspective.

然而，一点的距离就可以帮助我们放松禁锢我们认知的链条，使新旧思想的结合更容易，对平淡无奇的事情可从更抽象的角度加以认知。

According to research, the experience of an exotic culture endows us with a valuable

open-mindedness, making it easier to realize that even a trivial thing can have multiple meanings.

有研究指出，体验异国文化可以赋予我们宝贵的开放性思维，使我们更容易明白即使是微不足道的事物也可以有多种意义。

Consider the act of leaving food on the plate: In China, this is often seen as a compliment, a signal

that the host has provided enough to eat. 想一想把食物剩在盘子里这个行为：在中国，这通常被看成是一种赞美，说明主人提供了足够的食物。

But in America the same act is a subtle insult, an indication that the food wasn't good enough to

finish. 但是在美国，同样的行为却暗含侮辱，表明食物不够好，人们不愿意吃完。

Such multicultural contrasts mean that seasoned travelers are open to ambiguity, willing to

realize that there are decidedly different (and equally valid) ways of interpreting the world. 这种多元文化对比说明，经验丰富的旅行者会接受对事物的多样性解读，他们欣然认识到对这个世界可以有截然不同（但却同样有效）的方式进行解释。

This, in turn, allows them to expand the circumference of their “cognitive inputs" as they refuse

to settle for their first answers and initial guesses. 这也从而让他们扩大了“认知输入”的范围，

因为他们拒绝仅仅满足于他们的最初答案和先前的猜测。

Of course, this mental flexibility doesn't come from mere distance, a simple change in latitude

and longitude. 当然，这种思维的灵活性不仅仅来自纯粹的距离变化，即简单的经纬度的变化。

Instead, this renaissance of creativity appears to be a side effect of difference: 相反，这种创造力的复兴似乎是差异所带来的副产品：

We need to change cultures, to experience the disorienting diversity of human traditions. 我们需要处于不同的文化中，体验人类传统中纷繁复杂的多样性。

The same facets of foreign travel that are so confusing 在国外旅行中让人迷惑的同一个方面的问题

(Do I tip the waiter? Where is this train taking me?) （如我该给服务生小费吗？火车要把我带到哪里？）

turn out to have a lasting impact, making us more creative because we're less insular. 产生了一种持久的影响，使我们更加具有创造性，因为我们不再那么视野狭隘了。

We're reminded of all that we don't know, which is nearly everything; we're surprised by the

constant stream of surprises. 我们了解了我们不知道的东西，而这些东西几乎涵盖了一切；我们对接连不断的惊喜感到惊奇。

Even in this globalized age, we can still be amazed at all the earthly things that weren't included

in the Lets Go guidebook and that certainly don't exist back home. 即使在这个全球化的时代，我们仍然会对所有未包括在《旅行指南》中的、平常的东西感到惊奇，而这些东西在自己家中也不存在。

So, let's not pretend that travel doesn't have its drawbacks, or that we endure jet lag for pleasure.

当然，我们也并不是假装旅行没有缺点，或是说我们忍受飞行时差综合反应只是为了消遣。

We don't spend 10 hours lost in the Louvre because we like it, and the view from the top of

Machu Picchu probably doesn't make up for the trouble of lost luggage. 在卢浮宫我们迷路十个小时，那不是因为我们喜欢迷路。我们站在马丘比丘古城遗址顶端俯瞰的风景可能也并不能弥补我们丢失行李的麻烦。

(More often than not, I need a vacation after my vacation.) （通常，我在假期结束后还需要一个休假。）

We travel because we need to, because distance and difference are the secret cornerstones of

creativity. 我们旅行是因为我们需要旅行，因为距离与差异是创造力的秘密基石。

When we get home, home is still the same. But something in our mind has been changed, and

that changes everything. 我们回家后，家还是那个家，但是我们的思维已经有所改变，而这就可以改变一切。

Text B

Traveling solo - A blessing overall! 独自旅行——总体来说是好事

So you're ready to travel. Pick a place, any place. 现在你准备去旅行，挑一个地方，任何地方都可以。

Let's say you've always wanted to go to China. You've seen pictures of the Great Wall, the

Forbidden City, Tian'anmen Square. 比如你一直想去中国，你已经看过了长城、紫禁城、天安门广场的照片。

You've always been fascinated with Chinese aesthetics and culture, with red, fragrant temples

and venerable statues. 你一直被中国的美学艺术和文化所深深吸引，那里有香烟缭绕的红寺庙，有庄严的塑像。

You have a chunk of money saved and extra vacation time earned. Now is the time to go! 你早就省下了一笔钱，挤出了点时间，现在，该出发了！

But maybe you haven't traveled much. You've never been to an exotic place where you can't

speak the language or read the signs. 但也许你以前旅行不多。你从来没去过异国他乡，你不会讲当地语言，也看不懂任何标志。

A place where you'll have to do all the research for yourself, find hotels, get yourself around, buy

locomotive or bus tickets, order your own food. 在这里，你得亲自研究所有的事情，自己旅店，自己到处逛，自己买火车票或汽车票，自己点餐。

You must figure all of this out while looking at the unfamiliar notation which you see wherever

you look or go. 所有这一切，无论你身处何处，你都得盯着那些不熟悉的符号自己搞定。

So now you're ready to realize your dream to explore China, and find, for yourself, the soul of the

country. 所以，现在你整装待发，去实现探索中国的梦想，亲自去发现这个国家的灵魂所在。

Unfortunately, right from the onset, none of your friends share that dream. Your sister is

pregnant and can't travel. 但是不幸的是，刚一开始就没有朋友分享你的梦想。你怀孕了，不能去旅行；

Your best friend just got a new job and can't take time off. 你最好的朋友刚刚到新工作，没办法休假。

So what do you do? You could ask everyone you know - friends, acquaintances, co-workers. 你该怎么办呢？你可能会询问认识的每一个人——朋友，熟人，同事。

You could join a tour. Or, you could go alone. 你可以参团旅游。或者，你也可以自己一个人去。

To travel alone is a difficult decision for anyone, though especially for women. 对于任何人来说，独自旅行都是一个艰难的决定。

For me, it came naturally. I made that trip to China, and then zigzagged on a multinational

excursion through Indonesia, Thailand, England and France. 对女性来说尤其如此。而对我而言，这个决定却再自然不过。我先去了中国，然后再辗转到了印度尼西亚、泰国、英国和法国，经历了一次多国之旅。

But the reactions I've gotten, from people I know, fellow travelers, and especially, from the

natives of the countries I've visited, 但是，我从认识的人、旅友，尤其是所到国家的居民的反应中得知，

showed me that solo traveling is strange, and even considered inconceivable or reckless by many

people. 很多人觉得独自旅行很怪异，甚至会觉得不可思议和欠考虑。

People ask me if the isolation makes me sad or even if I'm more susceptible to violent or

dangerous situations. 人们问我单独一人会不会觉得难过，甚至问我是不是更容易遭遇暴力或者危险情况。

This has been sometimes a blessing, sometimes a curse. 单独旅行有时是件好事，有时则不然。

I remember searching desperately for accommodations in Taiwan. 我想起曾经有一次在台湾绝望地寻住处的经历。

The university listed in my booklet no longer had dormitories for travelers, and I was lucky when

the desk clerk called a young woman out of a nearby office. 我的手册上列出的大学已经没有宿舍提供给旅游者了。幸运的是，接待人员从旁边办公室叫出一个年轻女孩儿。

As it turned out, she was offering to let me stay at her flat and even had a friend come show me

around the city the next day. 结果，这个女孩儿让我在她的公寓住了一晚，甚至第二天还让她的一个朋友带我在这座城市转了转。

Also in Taiwan, I met two girls who smuggled me into their hotel room, gave me one of the beds

(they shared the other), and took me to a feast with their tour group. 还是在台湾，我遇见两个女孩儿。她们偷偷地把我带进旅店的房间，让我睡其中的一张床（她们俩挤另一张床），还带我和她们的旅行团一起吃了顿丰盛的饭。

When they heard my next stop was their hometown, they arranged for a bilingual friend to pick

me up at the train station. 当她们听说我下一站要去她们的家乡时，又安排了一个会说两种语言的朋友到火车站接我。

But there has also been the downside of those not-so-pleasant experiences. 当然也有一些不太愉快的负面经历。

In Indonesia, a cute boy gave me a ride on his motorbike, and thought that gave him license to

grope me illicitly. 在印度尼西亚，一个长相可爱的男孩儿让我搭乘了他的摩托车，认为这样他就可以非礼我。

Many times in Indonesia, boys menaced me, assuming I was willing to pay for their company. 在那里，常常有一些男孩儿威胁我，认为我同意付钱让他们陪游。

In Japan, I was picked up by a young man who refused to drop me at my Youth Hostel; he insisted

I stay with his friends. 在日本，一个年轻男人让我搭车，却拒绝让我在青年旅馆下车，他坚持让我和他的朋友们呆在一起。

The friends turned out to be four girls; I was safe, but one snored like a lawnmower, and it took

me two days to escape. 结果我发现，他的朋友是四个女孩儿。我很安全，但是其中一个人打呼噜就像割草机一样。我花了两天时间才逃走。

I've been irritated and perplexed many times - not speaking a language, not understanding or

being understood. 很多时候，我很苦恼，感觉不知所措，因为不懂当地的语言，不能理解别人的意思，别人也听不懂我说的话。

Once, in Italy, a hotel clerk tried to overcharge me and only gave up after 10 minutes of arguing.

有一次在意大利，一个旅店接待员试图问我多要钱，争论了十分钟他才放弃。

Another time in China, a taxi driver insisted I pay more, and I was rescued by the doorman of a

fancy hotel. 还有一次在中国，一个出租车司机坚持问我多要钱，最后还是一个豪华宾馆的门卫帮我解了围。

Having a companion might have helped safeguard me from some of those problems. 如果身边有一个同伴陪着我，也许就能使我避免刚刚讲的那些问题。

But it would have suppressed other opportunities - a long afternoon in Thailand all alone in the

back of a hay wagon and then seven days in the back of a truck with a Brit, two Aussies and two

Norwegians! 但是这也会使我错失其他的机会，比如我在泰国装干草的马车后面独自坐了整个下午，然后和一个英国人、两个澳大利亚人、两个挪威人在一辆卡车的后车厢里呆了七天；

Eating ethnic food on my way through eastern Korea with four youthful Japanese salarymen. 我在去韩国东部的路上和四个年轻的日本上班族品尝了民族风味的食物；

Getting sick in China, and being nursed with chocolate bars and tissues by a couple from Texas.

在中国生病了，有一对来自得克萨斯州的夫妻照顾我，给我吃巧克力棒，递纸巾。

The few times I have traveled with a companion, I haven't had the same ample opportunities to

meet people. 在我为数不多的几次结伴旅行中，我就没有那么多的机会结识那么多的人。

Other travelers can swap stories with you about the local folklore of the places they've been to

and often have credible insights into the place you're visiting. 其他旅游者会给你讲他们到过的地方的民间风情，对于你正在旅行的地方，他们也有令人信服的见解。

Locals are also more likely to see you as approachable and be upfront with you when you're on

your own. 当你独自一人旅行时，当地人也会觉得你更容易接近，从而愿意和你坦诚相对。

Of course you have to be careful not to endanger yourself by throwing caution to the wind. 当然，你必须当心，不要因为大意而使自己处于危险的境地。

Watch your back, but don't presume the worst and be overly fearful. 要处处提防，但是也不要把什么事都想成最坏的，过于担惊受怕。

Be friendly with people, but watch out for those who are too friendly with you. Don't disregard

your instincts. 要对人友善，但需防备那些对你过于友好的人。别忽视你的直觉。

If you hear stories about criminals on a road, take the road - just don't take much cash, and don't

accept Coca Cola from strangers. 如果你听说某条公路上曾经有坏人出现，你可以走这条路——只是不要带太多的现金，不要喝陌生人给你的可乐。

The key to solo travel is to open your mind, close your eyes and leap in! 单独旅行的关键是敞开心扉，闭上眼睛，投入其中！

Everything that happens to you is an experience, and good, bad or neutral, they will all benefit

you in some way. 所有发生在你身上的事情都是一种经历，无论是好的、坏的，或是不好不坏的，将来总会对你有益。

Take those little annoyances, those inefficiencies, and those boring bureaucrats with a laugh. 把那些小烦恼、那些拖拉低效的作风、那些令人厌恶的官僚主义都拋在脑后，一笑置之。

If you despise something, just remember: You don't live there, you can leave anytime, and you'll

never have to deal with this again! 如果反感某些东西，请记住：你不是住在那里，你随时可以离开，你以后再也不用管它了！

Don't ever let a lack of companionship constrain you from doing what you really want to do. 永远不要因为缺少同伴而不去做你真正想做的事情。

Once you go solo, you'll be amazed at how sensational your travel experiences will be. 一旦你独自一人去旅行，你会惊奇地发现你的旅行经历将会是多么美好。

Unit 5

Text A

Will you be a worker or a laborer? 你想做工作者还是劳役者？

To be truly happy, a person must feel both free and important. 一个人要想真正快乐，必须觉得自己既自由又重要。

People are never happy if they feel compelled by society to do work they do not enjoy, 如果觉得自己是受社会逼迫而做自己不喜欢的工作，

or if what they do enjoy is ignored by society as having no value or importance. 或者自己喜欢的工作被认为没价值或不重要而遭社会忽视，那他绝不会快乐。

In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the social indications around

work, the value of work and the salary, 在一个奴隶制度严格说来已经被废除的社会里，工作的社会含义、工作的价值和薪水，

have degraded many laborers into modern slaves - "wage slaves". 已经把许多劳役者降格为现代奴隶--"薪奴"。

People are considered laborers if their job has an adverse effect on them, 如果人们的工作对自己有负面的影响，

yet they feel compelled to continue working by the necessity of conforming to societal

expectations and earning the revenue to support themselves and their families. 但为了遵从社会的期望或者挣钱养家糊口而被迫必须继续工作，那么他们就被认为是劳役者。

The polar opposite of labor is play. 劳役的对立面是玩乐。

When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, but it is a purely private pastime; society

does not care when or whether we play. 当我们玩游戏时，我们很享受正在做的事情，但这仅仅是个人娱乐。社会对我们何时玩乐或者是否玩乐并不关心。

Between labor and play stands work. 处于劳役和玩乐之间的就是工作。

People are labeled as workers if their personal interests coincide with the jobs society pays them

to do; 如果人们的个人兴趣跟社会付酬让他们做的工作相吻合，他们就被称为工作者。

what is necessary labor from the point of view of society is voluntary play from the individual's

personal point of view. 社会上看来一定是苦工的事情对个人来说却是自在的玩乐活动。

Whether a job is to be designated as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the

tastes of the individual who undertakes it. 一份活到底应定为工作还是劳役并不取决于其本身，而是承担这份活的个人感受。

The difference does not, for example, correlate with the difference between a manual and

mental job or between jobs of low or high esteem; 比如，二者的区别与是体力活还是脑力活或尊严的高低没有关联。

a gardener covered in dirt in a greenhouse may be a worker while a well-dressed city mayor may

prove to be an unhappy laborer! 温室里满身尘土的园丁可能是工作者，而衣冠楚楚的市长则可能是一个不开心的劳役者！

People's attitude toward their work determines everything. 人们对自己工作的态度决定了一切。

To workers, leisure means simply the hours they need to relax and rest in order to work efficiently.

对工作者而言，闲暇只是为了更有效地工作而需要放松休息的时间。

Workers are therefore more prone to dedicate more time to working, taking too little leisure

rather than too much. 因此，工作者更倾向于投入更多的时间工作，而花在休闲上的时间并非很多，而是很少。

To laborers, on the other hand, leisure means autonomy from compulsion, so it is natural for

them to imagine that the fewer hours they have to spend laboring, 而对劳役者而言，休闲意味着从被迫状态中得到自主。

and the more hours they have free for play, the better. 因此，他们自然会想，花在劳作上的时间越少，自在玩乐的时间越多，则越好。

Besides the mere hours spent in leisure, workers and laborers differ in the amount of personal

satisfaction they derive from their jobs. 除了花在闲暇上的时间不同，工作者和劳役者的区别还在于他们从工作中获得的个人满足感不同。

Workers who enjoy their jobs will be happier, less stressed, and generally more satisfied with

their lives. 工作者喜欢自己的工作，感觉更快乐，更轻松，通常对自己的生活更满意。

They will also work with more diligence and precision because they have fostered a sense of

personal pride in their jobs. 他们工作起来也会更勤奋，更精细，因为他们对自己的工作已经产生了一种自豪感。

On the other hand, laborers, whose sole incentive is earning their livelihood, feel that the time

they spend on the daily grind is wasted and doesn't contribute to their happiness. 相反，由于劳役者的唯一动力是挣生活费，他们觉得每天花在苦差上的时间是一种浪费，不会让自己快乐。

Instead of valuing all 24 hours of their day as enjoyable and productive hours, they gauge only

the time spent in leisure and play as meaningful. 他们不把每天的 24 小时都当作愉快有用的时光，认为只有花在休闲娱乐上的时间才是有意义的。

Unfortunately, laborers are all too commonplace, and only a small percentage of the population

is in the lucky position of being workers. 不幸的是，劳役者太常见了，只有一小部分人能有幸成为工作者。

In recent decades, technological innovation and the division of labor have caused major

economic changes 近几十年，技术创新和劳动分工使许多领域不再需要专长或特殊技能，导致了重大经济变革，

by eliminating the need for special strength or skill in many fields and have turned many paid

occupations with enjoyable work into boring labor. 把许多可以通过开心工作来挣钱的职业变成了枯燥的劳役。

Increasing productivity with automated machines, such as robots, has reduced the number of

necessary laboring hours. 随着自动化机器如机器人的使用，日益提高的生产力减少了必要的劳作时间。

It is possible to imagine an upcoming society in which the majority of the population will have

almost as much leisure time as in earlier times was enjoyed by the medieval aristocracy. 可以想象，在即将到来的社会中，大多数人会拥有同早期中世纪贵族一样多的闲暇时间。

The medieval aristocrats had an abundance of leisure time but often wasted it in trivial pursuit of

games and fashion. 中世纪贵族有大量的闲暇时间，但却往往耗费在玩游戏和对时尚的无聊追求上。

Likewise, modern-day laborers with too much leisure time may find it difficult to refrain from the

addictive and trivial pursuits of celebrity gossip, extravagant fashion, and excessive video games

and TV 同样，有太多闲暇时间的现代劳役者们会觉得很难摆脱那些无聊又易上瘾的追求，像名人八卦、奢华时尚、过度电子游戏和电视等

similar bad habits that waste valuable time. 诸如此类浪费宝贵时间的坏习惯。

However, it's not necessary to take such a toxic attitude toward such a positive thing as leisure

time. 不过，没必要对休闲这种正面的事情采取如此否定的态度。

In fact, in many countries, people now use their leisure time to improve their minds and their

working conditions to create a happier, more contented life. 事实上，目前在很多国家，人们利用闲暇时间去提高认识，改善工作环境，以创造更快乐安逸的生活。

Lifelong learning can make the difference between being bored, unhappy laborers and workers

who find meaning and joy in their employment and life. 终身学习对做一个乏味不开心的劳役者，还是成为一个从职业和生活中发现意义和乐趣的工作者有重要的影响。

"Continuing education" or "experiential learning" can offer an array of classes from pleasant

diversions 继续教育或"体验学习"能提供一系列课程，略举几例，

such as sports, art classes or music to leadership development, advanced accounting skills, or

CAD (computer-aided design), to name only a few. 如从运动、艺术或音乐等休闲娱乐课程到领导力拓展、高级会计或 CAD (计算机辅助设计）等。

Whatever the job, people who enjoy their work find time passes quickly. 不管是什么工作，喜欢自己工作的人总发现时间过得飞快。

They hurl their passion into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or more mental like

that of a scientist or an artist. 不管是铁匠的体力活，还是像科学家或艺术家从事的偏脑力的活，他们在工作中都会投入激情。

Even purely mental work can suffice as an outlet, as aptly expressed by the phrase "sinking one's

teeth into a problem". 即便是纯脑力活也足以让他们挥洒激情，恰如短语表达的那样，"全身心投入问题中"。

Eventually, everyone has to find a job and earn a living. 最终，每个人都得一份工作谋生。

Laborers are slaving away at a job they don't enjoy for a small monetary reward, waiting all day

until they go home and play. 劳役者仅为了一点金钱报酬，像奴隶一样做自己并不喜欢的工作，一天到晚等着回家玩乐。

But while laborers are counting down the hours, workers are energized and focused, taking

optimum pleasure in the task at hand. 但是当劳役者倒数着时间之时，工作者则干劲十足，全神贯注，从手头的任务中享受到最大的快乐。

By choosing a job that is both useful to society and personally fulfilling, 他们通过选择一份有益社会、成就自我的工作，

workers maintain a simultaneous sense of purpose and enthusiasm that improves their whole

lives. 怀揣着一种使命感和热情，提升了自己的整个生活。

So in the end, whatever job you choose, you must contend with this essential question: Will you

be a laborer or a worker? 因此到头来，不管你选择什么工作，都必须面对这个根本问题："你想做一名劳役者还是工作者？"

Text B

The joy of a prideful tradition 光荣传统带来的快乐

I first met him in 1965, when I rushed into his little shop to have the heels of my shoes repaired.

第一次见他是在 1965 年，当时我匆匆进入他的小店去修我的鞋跟。

He greeted me with a cheerful smile and instant hospitality. 他露出开心的笑容，马上热情地招呼我，

"You're new in this neighborhood, aren't you?" "你刚搬到这附近，是吗？"

Indeed, I had moved into a house at the end of the street only a week before. 的确，一周前我才刚搬进街道尽头的那栋房子。

"This is a fine neighborhood, he said." You'll be happy here, "这一带挺好的，"他说，"你生活在这儿会开心的。"

I sat there with my shoes off, watching as he got ready to stitch up my shoes I'd entrusted to him.

我脱了鞋坐在那儿，看着他准备动手缝补我交给他的鞋。

He looked sadly at the leather covering the mount of the heel. 他惋惜地看着包鞋跟底的皮革。

It was worn through because I had failed to have the shoes patched a month ago. 一个月前鞋就该补了，现在那块皮已经磨穿了。

I grew a little impatient, for I was rushing to meet a friend. 因为还要急着去见一位朋友，我有点不耐烦了。

"Please hurry," I begged. "请快点儿，"我请求道。

He looked at me over his spectacles. 他从眼镜上方看了看我。

"Now, don't worry. I won't be long. This handicraft is my specialty and I want to do a good job." "别急，要不了多久的。这手艺是我最拿手的，我想做好点。"

He was silent a moment. "You see, I have a tradition to live up to." 他沉默了一会儿。"你知道，我得遵守传统。"

A tradition? In this simplistic little shop that was no different from so many other shoe-repair

shops on the residential side streets of Washington? 传统？就这家和华盛顿住宅区那么多街边修鞋店没什么区别的简陋小铺子？

The thought seemed a bit absurd. 这想法好像有点荒唐。

He must have sensed my bias, for he smiled with a gleam in his eyes as he went on. "Yes, I

inherited a tradition." 他准是觉察到了我的不屑，因为他两眼闪烁着光芒，微笑着继续说道："是的，我继承了一个传统。"

My father always told me, 'Son, do the best job on every shoe that comes into the shop, and be

proud of your fine work. 我父亲总对我说：'儿子，每只拿到店里的鞋都要修到最好，并且为自己的细活骄傲。

If you work with dedication, you'll always have happiness and money.' 如果你尽心工作，就总会拥有快乐和金钱。'

As he handed me the finished shoes, he said, "These will last a long time. I've utilized good

leather," 把修好的鞋递给我时，他说："这鞋能穿很长时间，我用的是好皮料。"

I left in a hurry but I had a warm and grateful feeling. 我急匆匆地离开了，但觉得既温暖又感激。

On my way home I passed the little shop again. 回家途中我又经过那家小店

There he was, sitting amongst his tools, still working. ，他坐在工具中间，还在工作。

He saw me, and he waved and smiled, as cordial as could be. 看见我，他热诚友好地挥手微笑致意。

That was the beginning of our friendship, a fellowship that came to mean more and more to me

as time passed. 从此我们的友谊就开始了，这是一段随着时间流逝对我越来越重要的交情。

Thereafter, we waved to each other in a friendly greeting when I passed his shop every day. 从那以后，我每天经过他的店的时候，我们都友好地彼此挥手问好。

At first I went in only when I had repair work to be done. 刚开始我只是在有东西要修的时候才进去，

Then I found myself lingering in his store or dropping in every few days, just to chat with him for

the joy he would impart. 后来我发现自己呆在他的店里或隔几天去拜访一下完全是为了和他聊天，享受他带来的快乐。

He was a tall man, bent from long years of work. 他身材高大，多年工作弄得有点驼背，

What little hair he had was gray; his face was deeply lined. 不多的头发已经灰白，脸上皱纹纵横。

His personality was clear, but never stern. 他个性鲜明，但从不严苛。

And, I remember best his fine dark eyes, alive with his charitable, carefree, and humorous spirit.

此外，我尤其记得他那双动人的黑眼睛，洋溢着和善、快乐与幽默。

He was the happiest man I've ever known. 他是我见过的最快乐的人。

Often, as he stood in front of his door overseeing the street, working at a pair of shoes, he sang a

beautiful melody in a high, clear voice. 经常，他站在店门口，朝着大街，一边修理鞋子，一边高声清晰地唱着动听的曲子。

Neighbors nicknamed him "the singing cobbler". 街坊们戏称他为"鞋匠歌手"。

The neighborhood children loved him. 周边的孩子都喜欢他，

He'd periodically pause his work to referee arguments or give out candy. 他时不时会停下工作去调解争吵或者分发糖果。

He had no patience for bullying and would insist the children play fair in front of his store. 他不能容忍欺凌弱小，坚持让孩子们在他店前面公平游戏。

One day, I came away from my house filled with fury because of a poor job some painters had

done on my house. 有一天，因为几个油漆匠把我的房子弄得不像样子，我怒气冲冲地从家里出来。

My friend waved to me as I walked by, so I went into his shop to vent my frustration. 路过他的小店时，已是朋友的他冲我招手，我便走进他的店里发泄郁闷。

He let me speak angrily about the poor work and carelessness of present-day workmen. 他听我气愤地诉说现今工人工作糟糕，粗心马虎。

'They had no pride in their work, ' I said. "他们对自己的工作没有荣誉感，"我说，

They just wanted to collect money for doing nothing! The undutiful attitude these days is almost

a sin. "他们只想挣钱却不想做事。如今这种不负责的态度简直就是一种罪过。"

He consoled me, saying, "There's a lot of that kind around, but maybe we should not blame them

too rashly. 他安慰我说："身边有许多那样的人，不过我们或许不要太急于怪罪他们。

Maybe their parents had no pride in their work. 可能他们的父母就对自己的工作没有自豪感。

That's hard on a keeps a child from learning what's important." 这对孩子来说很不好，让他们没法知道什么东西才是重要的。"

"What can be done about it?" I asked. "对此我们能做什么呢？"我问。

He pondered that for a minute before answering. Then he looked at me seriously. 回答之前他想了一会儿，然后认真地看着我，

"There is only one way. Every man or woman who hasn't inherited a prideful tradition must start

building one. "只有一个办法。一个人如果没有光荣传统可以继承，那他/她就必须开始去建立一个。

In this country, each of us can make our own contribution to the fabric of society, and we must

endeavor to make it a good one. 在这个国家，我们每个人都能为社会建设做出自己的贡献，我们必须努力把它做好。

No matter what sort of work a person does, if we give it our best each day, we're starting a

tradition for our children to live up to. 不管一个人做什么样的工作，只要我们每天都把它做到最好，我们就在为自己的孩子建立一个可遵循的传统。

When a person amends their ways and learns to take pride in their work, a lifetime of happiness

will ensue." 当一个人修正自己的方式并学会以自己的工作为荣时，快乐的一生就会随之而来。"

I traveled for a few months on business, and shortly after my return, I walked down the street,

looking forward to seeing my friend again. 我在外出差了几个月，一回来就上街，期望再见到我的朋友。

Yet when I arrived, I found the door closed. 可是我到那儿时却发现门关着，

There was a little sign: "Call for shoes at shop next door." 一张小告示上写着"取鞋请到隔壁店"。

I went into the next shop, and what I heard pierced my heart. Yes, the old man had passed away.

我走进隔壁店里，听到的消息让我心如刀绞。是的，这位老人已经过世了。

He was stricken with an infectious illness two weeks before and died two days later. 两周前他突然患了传染病，两天后就去世了。

I went away with a wretched void in my heart. I would miss him, terribly. 离开时，我心里空落落的，痛苦不已。我会很怀念他，非常地怀念。

But he had left me something, an important piece of wisdom I will invariably remember: 不过他已给我留下了一些东西--一句我将永远牢记的隽语：

"If you have inherited a prideful tradition, you must carry it on; if you haven't, then start building

one now." "如果你继承了一个光荣传统，就必须把它传承下去；如果你没有，那现在就开始建立一个。"

Unit 6

Text A

Under the bombs:1945 1945:在炮火攻击下

Today, when I look back, I'm surprised that I recall the beginning so vividly; it's still clearly fixed in

my mind with all its coloring and emotional intensity. 如今，当我回首往事，我很惊讶我居然能

如此生动地回忆起轰炸开始的情况，那天的彩和紧张的情绪仍然清晰地印在我的脑海中。

It begins with my suddenly noticing 12 distant silver points in the clear brilliant sky filled with an

unfamiliar abnormal hum. 那天，我突然发现在晴朗的天空中出现了 12 个银的小点儿，离我很远，发出不正常的嗡嗡声，这种声音我以前从来没听过。

I'm seven years old, standing in a meadow, and staring at the points barely moving across the sky.

那年我七岁，就这样站在一片草地上，盯着天空中几乎不怎么移动的小点儿。

Suddenly, nearby, at the edge of the forest, there's the tremendous roar of bombs exploding. 突然，就在附近，森林的边缘，我听到有巨大的爆炸的声音。

From my standpoint, I see gigantic fountains of earth spraying upward. 在我这个小孩的眼里，我看到的是泥土像巨大的喷泉一样冲到天上。

I want to run toward this extraordinary spectacle; it terrorizes and fascinates me. 我想跑过去看看这个特别的景象，它让我感到害怕，但是也让我着迷。

I have not yet grown accustomed to war and can't relate into a single chain of causes and effects

these airplanes, the roar of the bombs, the earth radiating out from the forest, and my seemingly

inevitable death. 我还没有习惯战争，也不能把这些飞机、的轰鸣、森林那边飞溅开来的泥土以及我看似必然的死亡联系成单一的因果关系。

Unable to conceive of the danger, I start running toward the forest, in the direction of the falling

bombs. 没考虑有危险，我开始朝着投下的森林方向跑。

But a hand claws at me and tugs me to the ground. 这时一只手拉住了我，把我拽倒在地上。

"Stay down," I hear my mother's trembling voice, "Don't move!" "趴下来，"我听到母亲发抖的声音，"不要动!"

And I remember that my mother, pressing me to her, is saying something that I don't yet know

exists, whose meaning I don't understand: That way is death. 我还记得母亲把我紧紧贴在她身边，说的一些东西我并不知道，也并不理解其含义：那是一条死路。

It's night and I'm sleepy, but I'm not allowed to sleep. 到了晚上，我很困，但是我不能睡。

We have to evacuate the city and run away in the night like convicts. 我们不得不撤离这座城市，像囚犯一样在夜间逃亡。

Where to, I don't know; but I do understand that flight has suddenly become some kind of higher

necessity, some new form of life, because everyone is running away. 到哪儿去，我不知道，但是我知道逃跑突然变成了某种必须要做的事情，一种新的生存方式，因为每个人都在逃跑。

All highways, roads, and even country paths are a tangle of wagons, carts, and bicycles, with

bundles and suitcases, and innumerable terrified, helplessly wandering people. 所有公路、大路、甚至是乡间小路上都是混乱的马车、拉车、自行车，上面装着包裹和箱子，还有数不清的吓坏了的人，他们无助地游走着。

Some are running away to the east, others to the west, north, south; 一些人向东边跑，另一些人向西边、北边、南边跑；

they run in circles, fall from profound fatigue, sleep for a moment, then begin anew their aimless

journey. 他们徒劳地跑着，实在累了就躺下来，睡一会儿，然后重新开始他们漫无目的的旅程。

I clasp my younger sister's hand firmly in mine. 我紧紧地把妹妹的手握在手里。

We mustn't get lost, my mother warns; but even without her telling me, I sense that some form

of dangerous evil has permeated the world. 我母亲警告过，我们不能走失；但就算她没告诉我，我也能感觉到某种危险的灾难弥漫了整个世界。

I'm walking with my sister beside a wagon. 我和妹妹在马车边走着。

It's a simple ladder wagon, lined with hay, and high up on the hay, on a cotton sheet, rests my

grandfather. 这是一辆简易马车，车里铺着干草，在干草上，铺着一条棉布床单，我的祖父躺在上面。

He can't move; he is paralyzed, another casualty of a landmine. 他不能动，已经瘫痪了；也是地雷的受害者。

When an air raid begins, the entire group dives into ditches; only my grandfather remains on the

deserted road. 空袭一来时，所有人都冲到了壕沟里，只有我祖父留在没人的马路上。

He sees the airplanes flying at him, sees them violently dip and aim, sees the fire of ammunition,

hears the roar of the engines passing over his head. 他看着飞机向自己猛扑过来，看着它们猛地俯冲瞄准，看着弹药喷出烈焰，听着轰鸣的引擎从他的头上飞过。

When the planes disappear, we return to the wagon and my mother wipes the sweat from my

grandfather's flushed face. 当飞机消失后，我们回到马车边，母亲擦去祖父通红的脸上的汗水。

Sometimes, there are air raids several times a day. After each one, sweat pours from my

grandfather's tired face. 有时，一天会有好几次空袭，每次空袭过后，汗水都会渗满我祖父疲惫的脸。

We're entering an increasingly appalling landscape. 我们正在踏入一个越来越可怕的场景。

There's smoke on the horizon, the blaze of battle fading. 地平线上浓烟滚滚，战火在慢慢熄灭。

We pass by deserted villages, solitary, burned-out houses. 我们经过了废弃的村庄和孤零零的被烧毁的房屋。

We pass battlefields dense with the garbage of abandoned war equipment, bombed-out railway

stations, overturned cars. 我们经过了战场，这里到处都是垃圾，有丢弃的武器装备、被炸毁的火车站、翻倒的车辆。

It smells of gunpowder, and of burning, decomposing meat after a massacre. 空气中都是火药味和大屠杀后尸体烧焦和腐烂的味道。

Everywhere are the corpses of horses, too defenseless in this human war. 到处都是马的死尸，在人类战争中它们是孱弱无力的。

When winter comes, we stop running from the bombs so we can hide from the severe elements.

当冬季来临的时候，我们停了下来，不再逃避轰炸，这样我们就可以躲过恶劣的天气了。

Winter is but another season for those in normal conditions, but for the poor during wartime,

winter is a disaster, a pervasive and constant threat. 对正常情况下的人们来说，冬天只不过是另一个季节。但对于战时的穷人来说，冬天是一个灾难，一个无处不在、持续不断的威胁。

We find an apartment in the slums that provides a minimal coverage from the snow but we still

can't afford to heat the furnace; we can't buy fuel nor risk stealing it. 我们在贫民窟里了套房子，勉强在风雪中栖身，但我们生不起火；我们既买不起燃料，也不敢冒险去偷。

Death is the punishment for the robbery of coal or wood - human life is now worth next to

nothing. 偷盗燃煤和木料是要处死的--人的生命在此时一文不值。

We have nothing to eat. 我们什么吃的也没有。

My mother stands brooding at the window for hours; I can see her fixed stare. 我母亲在窗边愁闷着，一站就是几个小时，我能看到她呆滞的眼神。

I can see other residents staring out into the street from many windows, as if they were waiting

for something. 我能看到很多人从窗口旁盯着下面的街道看，好像在等待着什么。

I weave my way around the backyards with a gang of stray boys; it's something between play and

searching for a scrap of anything edible. 我和一流浪的孩子在后院来回跑着玩儿，这既是游

戏，也是在寻一点吃的东西。

One day we hear that they'll be giving out candy in a store near the warehouse. 有一天，听说他们会在仓库附近的一家商店散发糖果，

Immediately we make a long queue of cold and hungry children. 我们这饥寒交迫的孩子立即排了一条长队。

We stand in the frost all night and the following day, huddled together to summon a bit of

warmth. 我们在严寒中站了整整一夜以及第二天一整天，挤在一起以获得一丝暖意。

Finally, they open the store. But instead of candy, we are each granted an empty metal container

that once held some fruit drops. 终于，商店开门了，但发给我们每个人的却不是糖果，而是一个装过水果糖的空金属罐子。

Weak and stiff from the cold, yet at this moment happy, I carry my treasure home, guarding it

jealously. 我虚弱不堪、冻得僵硬，但此刻却很开心，我带着我的宝贝回到家，小心地呵护着。

It's valuable; the inside wall of the can still has a sugar residue. 它很珍贵，因为它的内壁上还有糖渣。

My mother heats some water and pours it into the can. We have a dilute, sweet drink: Our only

nutrition for days. 我母亲烧了些水，把水倒进去，稀释成了甜甜的饮料：这是我们这些天唯一的营养。

I can't quite remember when or how the war ended for us; 我不太记得战争是何时结束的，如何结束的。

my mind is always drawn back to that first day in the meadow, the explosions destroying the

peaceful flowers and the naive days of my childhood. 我的记忆总是被拉回到第一天草地上的情形，那天，爆炸破坏了花丛的宁静，也打破了我童年的纯真时光。

Try as I might, I still can't understand what we could have done to justify all the suffering war

inevitably inflicts. 无论我如何努力，我还是不清楚当初到底我们做了什么，要让我们承受战争不可避免带来的所有这些伤害。

Text B

Smith and Luis 史密斯上尉和路易的故事

Ever since the arrival of the American military, Luis Dutarte's world had changed. 自从美国军队到来后，路易o迪塔尔特的世界发生了变化。

Overnight, a military camp had sprung to life on the empty field just below his home in

Normandy. 一夜之间，在诺曼底他家下面的空地上，一个军营就矗立了起来。

For a seven-year-old orphan, it was in essence a dream come to life. 对一个七岁的孤儿来说，其实是梦境成真了。

His keeper Mrs. Bijeaux, had to drag him in at night from his terrace on the cliff overlooking the

beach. 他家门前的大露台位于峭壁上，可以俯瞰沙滩，到了晚上，他的监护人比诺夫人得把他从那儿拽回屋。

Now he watched, wide-eyed, as jeeps roared up the road and men scrambled about, emptying

trucks loaded with guns, ammunition, food, and giant army bags. 现在，他眼睛睁得大大的，看着吉普车咆哮着沿路而上，士兵们来回奔忙，正在从卡车上卸载支、弹药、食物和巨大军用口袋。

He yawned as the scent of crisp bacon, eggs, coffee, and the smell of toast came from the kitchen

tent. 他打了个呵欠，这时闻到一阵脆培根、鸡蛋、咖啡和烤面包的香味从厨房帐篷传来。

He tilted his small head back, breathing in the fragrance. His stomach moaned. 他扬起了小脑袋，

闻着传来的香味。他的肚子在咕噜咕噜地叫。

Ronald Smith, a lieutenant in the Seabees, the US Navy's Construction Battalion, held a clipboard

and checked off the morning's accomplishments. 罗纳德o史密斯，美国海军工程营上尉，拿着一块笔记板，在核对早晨任务完成的情况。

The hospital tent was complete, as was the new shower. 医护帐篷已建成，新的淋浴室也完工了。

Smith and his top sergeant had been busy since dawn, and it was now noon. 史密斯和他的军士长从早晨一直忙到现在，都已经是中午了。

He dispatched him, then took a moment and touched the breast pocket that held the photo of

his wife and two young sons. 他打发走了军士长，抽出时间，从胸前的口袋里摸出了他的妻子和两个年幼儿子的合照。

It had been more than a year since he'd been deployed and last seen them. 他上一次见到他们之后，被派到这里已经过了一年多了。

When the lieutenant turned to go, he saw something in the tall grass on the hill. 上尉正要转身离开，他发现小山丘上的茂草丛中有什么东西。

He waved. A small hand waved back. 他挥了挥手，一只小手也挥了挥。

There was a moment of hesitation; then, the boy timidly made his way down. 犹豫了片刻，小男孩怯怯地走了下来。

Smith tried out his high school French, hoping he could remember the right wording: "Comment

t'appelles-tu?" (What is your name?) 史密斯试着用高中学过的法语，希望自己记得的法语表达是正确的："你叫什么名字?"

The boy blushed and his eyes shone. "Luis," he said. 小男孩儿脸红了，眼睛闪着光，说："路易。"

Smith shook his hand. 史密斯跟他握了握手。

This little guy looked like he could use a good meal, and the camp had more than enough food.

这个小家伙看起来可以在这儿饱餐一顿，营地有足够多的食物。

In his halting French, Smith invited Luis to have lunch. 史密斯用他结结巴巴的法语邀请路易去吃午餐。

When the boy nodded, Smith lifted him onto his hip, as he might have done with one of his own

sons, and walked briskly toward the tent. 小男孩点点头，史密斯把他背到背上，就像对他自己的儿子那样，然后快步向帐篷走去。

Inside, dozens of young soldiers ate and talked. Smith piled two plates high with roast beef,

carrots, and apple pie sprinkled with sugar. 帐篷里，一年轻的士兵在边吃边聊，史密斯给他盛了两盘堆得高高的烤牛肉、胡萝卜，还有撒着糖的苹果派。

After lunch, Smith held Luis' hand, and they walked into the June sunlight. 午饭过后，史密斯牵着路易的手，走进六月的阳光里。

He knelt beside the boy and explained that he had to go back to work. 他跪在小男孩儿旁边，解释说他得回去工作了。

Luis nodded and ran back up the path to the tall grass, turning around to wave. 路易点点头，沿路跑回到了茂草丛，转身挥了挥手。

At 18:00 hours, as Smith was again heading for the mess tent, he saw Luis sitting in the same spot.

傍晚六点，史密斯再次前往那个用餐的帐篷，看见路易坐在同一个地方。

He motioned, and Luis ran to him. 他向路易招了招手，路易就跑了过来。

Dinner was fried chicken, potatoes, and peanut cookies. 晚饭是炸鸡、土豆、花生饼干。

Smith again filled two plates, but Luis didn't eat as much as he had at lunch; it was clear that the

boy wasn't used to so much food. 史密斯又给他盛了两盘，但这次路易吃的没午饭多。很明显，小男孩还不习惯吃这么多的食物。

But he clutched Smith's hand and smiled his shy smile. 但他抓住史密斯的手，害羞地朝他微笑。

After dinner, Smith knelt close to Luis. "Bonsoir," he said. "A demain." (Goodnight. See you

tomorrow.) 晚饭后，史密斯跪在路易旁边说："晚安，明天见。"

He watched the boy walk up the path and out of sight. 他看着小男孩沿路走远，消失在视线中。

Henceforth, Luis ate with Smith all of the time. 从此以后，路易就整天和史密斯一起吃饭了。

The other soldiers didn't mind; in fact, the boy helped ease their homesickness. 其他士兵也并不介意，事实上，这个小男孩儿可以帮助减轻他们的思乡之苦。

Luis giggled when Smith carried him aloft on his shoulders and soon began riding along in the

jeep down to the beach, 当史密斯把他高举在自己的肩上时，路易就咯咯地笑，接着，

where Smith supervised the unloading of freight from the ships and took inventory. 他又跟史密斯一道坐着吉普车来到海滩，史密斯在这里监督货物从船上卸下来并清点货物。

When Smith oversaw construction projects in the camp, Luis tagged along. 当史密斯视察营地的建设工程时，路易就寸步不离。

If Smith left the radius of the camp to rebuild a road or to repair a bridge, Luis waited in the

vicinity for his return. 如果史密斯离开营地去重建道路或是重修桥梁时，路易就在附近等他回来。

As the summer of 1994passed, Smith's French improved, 1994年的夏天过去了，史密斯的法语水平有所提高，

and Luis learned to say hello, goodbye, jeep, ship, and ice cream, even though their conversations

stayed pretty concise. 而路易也学会了用英语说"你好"，"再见"，"吉普车"，"轮船"和"冰淇淋"，尽管他们的谈话内容仍然很简练。

In mid-October, when Smith received orders to leave France, he drove to the local authorities to

make some inquiries. 十月中旬，史密斯接到了命令要离开法国，他开车到地方当局做了一些咨询。

He ascertained that Luis had been abandoned at birth and had no living relatives. 他查明了路易在出生时就被遗弃了，没有亲人在世。

But when he petitioned to adopt him and become his legal guardian, the answer was

straightforward and firm: no. 但当他申请收养路易，成为他的法定监护人时，得到的答案直接而明确：不行。

Notwithstanding the regulations, Smith enclosed Luis in a hug and promised to return for him

later. 虽然有规定，史密斯还是紧紧地把路易抱在怀里，答应以后一定会回来他。

The two had grown so close amongst the trials of war, and Smith knew he would never forget the

boy. 在战争的磨难中两人变得愈发亲近，史密斯知道自己是永远不会忘记这个男孩的，

What Smith could never have imagined was that he would never see Luis again. 但是史密斯绝对没有想到的是他再也见不到路易了。

After the war ended, Smith took a multitude of trips returning to France looking for Luis. 战争结束后，史密斯曾多次返回法国寻路易。

But try as he might, the familiar landmarks were gone. 尽管他竭尽全力，熟悉的标志却都消失了。

France was a country torn apart by the bombs of the war and then pieced back together again.

法国被战争的炮火撕碎，然后又被重新拼凑起来。

Each day Smith would grieve. Yet, he remained dogged in his search for Luis. 史密斯每天都十分悲痛。然而，他仍坚持不懈地在寻路易。

Smith knew in his heart that Luis was still alive and waiting, but he simply could not find any

remnant of the boy he had come to love like a son. 史密斯心里坚信路易还活着，还在等他，但是他就是不到这个他曾经当亲生儿子对待的男孩的一点点踪迹。

He combed through phone books and even hired a private investigator. 他翻遍了电话簿，甚至雇了一个私家侦探。

His repeated failures haunted him as he repeatedly asked himself punishing questions: Why have

I failed Luis? What could I have done differently? 他一次次地失败，他不停地问一直在折磨着自己的问题：为什么我会让路易失望呢？我当时如果做了不同的选择又会怎样？

As he grew older, Smith's pain increased. 随着史密斯的老去，他的痛苦在逐渐加重。

Finally, old age forced him to stop traveling, but Smith dwelled more and more on his one broken

promise and lifelong regret. 最终，他因为年龄太大无法再长途旅行了，但是他越来越纠结于自己这个无法实现的诺言和终生的遗憾。

In his final will, Smith instructed his children to continue where he had left off, pleading with

them to find Luis. 在他的遗愿中，史密斯让他的孩子们继续他没完成的事情，恳求他们到路易。

Unit 7

Text A

Surviving an economic crisis 经济危机中求生存

The economic slump so many people suffered through originated in the United States, with a

regulatory failure of mortgages rated less risky than they turned out to be. 许许多多的人正经历的这场经济萧条发端于美国。对抵押贷款监管不力，致使当时的风险评估远低于现在的最终结果。

As large numbers of homeowners proved unable to repay their loans, 由于大量的房产所有人无法偿还贷款，

the companies that had the oversight and those that owned the loans (as well as their

subsidiaries and their shareholders) lost sizable amounts of money. 负责监管的公司、放贷的公司（以及其子公司及股份持有者）都损失了大笔的金钱。

The effects of these drastic losses soon spiraled into the US job market as layoffs and

terminations. 这些巨额亏损的后果很快就影响到美国就业市场，造成下岗或解雇。

The rebound was slow in coming. Many people experienced long months of struggles just like the

character in this story. 经济复兴迟迟不来。许多人几个月来都是苦苦挣扎，正如下面故事中的主人公那样。

Facing tenant eviction after several months of unpaid rent, Sue Johnson packed up whatever she

could fit into her two-door automobile and drove out of town. 苏·约翰逊有好几个月都未付房租了，面临着被逐出的境地，她把能塞进她的那辆双门轿车的东西都打包收拾好，离城而去。

She wound up at a motel, putting down the $260 she had managed to scrape together from

friends and from selling her living room set. 她最后在一家汽车旅馆落脚，交付了260美元的定金，这还是她设法从朋友那儿以及卖掉家具后凑齐的，

It was all the money Sue had left after her unemployment benefits had expired. 是苏在失业救济金被终止后所有的余钱。

She faced life as a migrant, a previously unimaginable situation for a woman who,not that long

before, 她面临流浪生活，这在以前是难以想象的，

had held a corporate job in a large metropolitan city and was enrolled in a graduate business

school. 而她不久以前都还在大都市里一家公司供职，并就读于商学院研究生班。

Sue knew that in all likelihood, she would end up living in her car. 苏明白自己最终很可能以车为家。

She was part of a hard-luck group of jobless people who called themselves "99ers," 她如今已成为倒霉的失业体中的一份子，他们自称"9周人"，

because they had exhausted the maximum 99weeks of unemployment insurance benefits that

they could claim. 因为他们已经领完至多99周的失业保险救济金。

Long-term unemployment was at record levels, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 根据劳动统计局的数据，长期失业率已达到创纪录的水平。

Modest payments of unemployment benefits were a lifeline that enabled people who were

out-of-work to maintain at least an appearance of normalcy, 些许的失业救济金对那些失去工作的人来说可是救命钱，这使他们不至于形貌落魄，

keeping a roof over their heads, putting gas in their cars, paying electric and phone bills. 无立锥之地；不至于无钱加油，缴不起电费话费。

Without the checks, people like Sue, who once was a director of client services at a technology

company, began to tumble over the economic cliff. 一旦收不到失业救济支票，哪怕是像苏这样曾经贵为技术公司客服经理的人，也会日益跌入经济窘迫的深渊；

The last aspects of their former working-class or middle-class lives were gone, and all of them

faced unsure futures. 原有工薪阶层或中产阶级的最后一抹荣光也已消逝不在，所有人都前途未卜。

When Sue received her last unemployment check, she felt a wave of profound grief. 当苏收到最后一笔失业救济支票时，阵阵悲凉涌上心头。

With no income to deposit, Sue's checking account deteriorated into negative balances. 由于没有收入进账，苏的活期账户余额转为负值。

Her car was on the verge of being repossessed. And, the constant harassment of the financing

company for her car loan added to her daily stress. 汽车行将被收回！而且信贷公司不断骚扰，催还车贷，让她成天压力倍增。

Each day, like a ping pong ball, Sue went back and forth between resolve and despair. 每天，苏就像乒乓球一样在信心和绝望之间起落不定。

It was a sickening plunge considering that only a short year and a half before, 生活境遇真是令人痛心地一落千丈！想想仅在短短的一年半之前，

Sue was earning $56,000 a year at her old job, enjoyed vacationing in places like Mexico and the

Caribbean, and had started business school at an excellent university. 苏在原有工作岗位上可挣到 56,000美元的年薪，可在像墨西哥、加勒比那样的地方度假，还就读于名校商学院。

Initially, Sue had tried to finish her university certification remotely, but finally dropped out

because of the stress from her sinking finances. 最初，苏还试图通过远程教育完成学业，但是由于自己经济状况每况愈下，最后只好辍学。

She applied for every possible job in the employment spectrum, from minimum-wage retail jobs

to director positions. 她通过各种就业渠道求职，不管是起薪干起的零售活儿还是部门经理。

Sue should have been evicted from her two-bedroom apartment for non-payment several

months before she was, 由于未付房租，苏早在几个月前就应被逐出她那两居室的公寓。

but, thankfully, the process was delayed by paperwork and bureaucracy. 不过，谢天谢地，这一过程因为繁琐的文件手续和官僚主义作风而拖延至今。

Eventually, the bureaucracy caught up with her and a municipal council gave her 10 days to leave

her apartment for good. 最终政府机构还是上了她，市政委员会限定她十天内彻底走人。

She had no choice but to comply. 除了遵从，她别无选择。

That last day of her old life, Sue wept as she drove away. 就在告别昔日生活的最后一天，苏流着泪驾车离去。

She wondered if she would ever again be able to reclaim that life of comfort and respect. 她不知道自己还能否重温那舒适而又受人尊敬的生活。

Sue even considered turning the steering wheel of her car into a tree and ending her life story

right there. 苏甚至想过打转方向盘一头撞向大树，就此了结一生。

Friends came to her aid. 朋友们及时施以援手。

One friend wired her $200 while she was driving away from her old apartment, enabling her to

find refuge in a motel along the way. 就在她驾车离开公寓的路上，一位朋友给她电汇来 200美元，使得她能够在沿途的一家汽车旅馆觅得栖身之所。

But Sue worried there wouldn't be any more charity for the money and gas she desperately

needed. 但是她担心不会再有人来援助自己急需的钱和汽油了。

Helped by gas cards donated by a church, Sue decided to return to her hometown. 有了教堂赠送的加油卡，苏打算返回家乡。

She figured the health-care safety net there was better, as well as the job market. 她想那儿的医疗保障体系会好一些，工作也容易些。

She contacted a local shelter but learned there was a waiting list. 她联系了当地的收容所，但是得到的回答是先得排队等着。

Welfare was not an option, because she didn't have young children. 领取福利救济没有她的份，因为她没有未成年的孩子。

And, Sue knew that none of her three adult sons were in a position to help her. 苏知道她的三个已成年的儿子也帮不了她。

"I knew the only help I was going to get was from me myself," Sue said. "我知道，只有自己才能帮自己，"苏说。

"I thought to myself: I have to take care of myself. I really, really need to get work. I need a job. I

don't want to be seen as a parasite," "我告诉自己：我得养活自己。我确实得干活，我要份工作，我可不想被人看成寄生虫。"

Sue's motel room was depressing. 苏在汽车旅馆的房间极其窘迫。

Lining the shelves underneath the television were her food supplies: 电视下面的壁橱里存放着几样食物：

rice and noodles that she mixed with water in the motel's ice bucket and heated up in a

microwave; 大米和面条，这两样她可在旅馆的冰镇桶里与水和在一起，然后在微波炉里加热；

peanut butter and jelly; a loaf of white bread -the subsistence of a desperate person." 另外还有花生酱、果冻和一条白面包--这些食物也就供一个走投无路的人勉强度日而已。

Sue's days were spent surfing Internet job indexes, applying for jobs where the silent "No. "No."

"No." gave way to a feeling of helplessness. 苏连日来都在上网查各种工作指南，四处求职；但一次次无声的拒绝让她陷于无助。

Sue had all new struggles and obstacles to deal with too, like what to do for an address for job

applications. 苏还有新的烦心事要应付：比如求职信的通信地址该如何填写。

She worried about what would happen when her cell phone was cut off for non-payment, and

calls to her number would disappear into an invisible world she could not reach. 她还担心要是手机因为欠费停机了怎么办？别人拨打她的号码，就如石沉大海，她无法接听。

Finally, an old friend sent Sue a ray of hope, a small miracle: $300cash - just enough for another

brutal week of struggle. 终于，一位老朋友送来一缕希望，一个小小的惊喜：300美元的现金--勉强够她再苦撑一周。

Text B

Economic bubbles: Causes and conditions 经济泡沫：成因与条件

Economic bubbles occur when, for any number of reasons, 不管因为何种原因，

excessive investment in commodities (such as oil), securities (such as stocks and bonds), real

estate, or collectibles drives up prices well beyond the item's intrinsic value. 一旦人们对于商品（如石油）、证券（如股票、债券）、房地产或收藏品过度投资从而推高其价格，使其远远超过商品的内在价值，经济泡沫就会产生。

The inevitable result of this boom in price is a crash or bust. 而这种价格暴涨不可避免的结果就是经济的崩溃或破灭。

The price falls sharply once it becomes clear that it has grown far beyond the purchasing power

of potential customers. 一旦价格大大超过潜在消费者购买力的趋势明了，价格就会急剧下跌。

Speculators risk money in such investments because they hope that the price of an asset they

purchased will quickly increase. 投机者们因为希望购买的资产价格能够急剧上涨才进行这样的风险投资。

Since most speculators are nervous about where they invest their money, bubbles are by no

means the norm. 由于大多数的投机者对资金的投向都有所顾虑，因此泡沫的产生绝非常态。

After all, every investment entails the risk that it is overpriced. 毕竟每笔投资都包含估价过高的风险。

They also know that rising prices will encourage either greater production of a commodity or

greater willingness of current owners to sell. 他们也知道价格上涨要么会推动商品产量的进一步扩大，要么促使现有的持有者更愿意卖出。

Either of these conditions can serve as a "negative feedback" mechanism that adjusts prices

downward. 不管哪种情况都会有助于形成促使价格下行的"负面反馈"机制。

As an analogy, think of negative economic feedback like your eyes. 打个比方，把负面经济反馈比作人的眼睛，

As the light gets brighter, your pupils get smaller and let in less light. 光线越强，瞳孔越小，摄入的光亮就会越少。

But what if, instead, your eyes worked as a "positive feedback" mechanism? In sunlight, your

pupils would open wide and damage your eyes. 但要是人的眼睛发挥的是"正面反馈"机制作用，结果会怎样呢？在太阳光下，瞳孔就会张大，从而对眼睛造成伤害。

Economic bubbles occur when prices trending sharply upward spur positive, rather than negative,

feedback. 如果价格急剧上行引起的是正面而非负面反馈，就会产生经济泡沫。

For whatever reason (fear of shortages, greed, an excessively optimistic attitude toward the

future, 因为担心供应不足，因为贪心，或是对其未来过分乐观，

or flaws in the analysis of an asset's underlying value), buyers believe that the value of the asset

will continue to rise. 或是因为对资产的内在价值的分析存在疏漏--不管何种原因，购买者相信其价值会持续上行。

If the price rises, overly enthusiastic speculators buy more, or those who missed out on the lower

price flock to buy before the price rises any higher. 如果价格上涨，狂热的投机者就会买入更多，

或者那些错过低价买入的人就会在价格进一步攀升之前蜂拥入市。

The foremost explanation is the "greater fool theory": Buyers justify their purchases by assuring

themselves they will find "a greater fool" who will pay even more. 对此现象的解释莫过于"博傻理论"：买入方深信自己能到下一个甘愿出更高价格的冤大头，从而认为自己的买卖是合理的。

Buyer enthusiasm infects other buyers, amplifying the effect even further. 抢购热会相互感染，从而会进一步放大此种效应。

Under the right conditions, prices can reach dizzying heights before falling. 在合适的条件下，价格会一路飙升至令人目眩的高位，然后下跌。

One famous example is the tulip-buying bubble which happened in Amsterdam in the 1630s

when a single tulip bulb could cost a year's salary. 人尽皆知的例子就是 17 世纪 30 年代发生在阿姆斯特丹的郁金香抢购泡沫，当时，一株郁金香球茎的价格相当于一年的工资。

Most bubbles are easily assimilated or averted by an elastic market. 大多数的泡沫容易被弹性市场加以消化或转移。

Provided the bubble is small enough, the losers earn wisdom in retrospect, and the winners earn

a lot of money. 只要这种泡沫不是很大，输家花钱买聪明，赢家则赚得盆满钵满。

But the effects of a bubble might become cumulative if many owners of an overpriced asset feel

rich and spend foolishly, especially in a period of deregulation. 但如果资产虚高，持有人恃富而挥霍无度，这种泡沫效应就会不断积累，尤其在市场缺乏监管之时。

Imagine this: You buy a house for $200,000, for which you borrowed $160,000 beforehand. You

have $40,000 in equity in the house. 试想一下：你以 200，000 美元购买一套房子，事先贷款 160，000 美元，则房产净值为 40，000 美元。

Over the next five years, the market appraisal rises to $500,000. 五年过后，市场估价上升到

500，000 美元。

Now you have $340,000 in equity ($500,000-$160,000), so you borrow another $240,000 from a

bank using this equity to secure the loan. 现在你获得的房产净值就是 340，000 美元（即$500，000-$160，000)，于是你以此作担保，再贷款 240，000 美元。

You still have $100,000 in equity in your home, and you have $240,000 to spend. 你依然持有

100，000 美元的房产净值，还有 240，000 美元可供花销。

You suddenly feel less need to be economical with your purchases and allocate more money for

things like a vacation home, a new car, etc. 顿时，你会觉得没有必要节省开支，还能抽出更多钱来购置度假屋及新车等等。

But equity is not revenue. 但房产净值并不是收益。

The market holds long enough for you to spend the money. 市场长期保持稳定，让你有足够的时间花钱。

Then it crashes and the value of your home falls to $325,000. 后来，市场崩溃，你的房屋价值跌至 325，000 美元。

Now you have negative equity and owe the bank almost $400,000. 你现在持有的房产净值为负，倒欠银行将近 400，000 美元。

So you default on your loan and give your house, car, and vacation home to the bank. 为此，你就停止还款，将房子、车子和度假屋等交给银行。

If this situation is widespread, it can culminate in the failure of those banks and a severe

crackdown on the lending needed to grow the economy. 此种情形一旦蔓延，终会让银行难以为继，并最终沉重打击发展经济所需的贷款业务。

There are also stock market bubbles. 股票市场也有泡沫。

In a normal market, investors buy stock in a company because they anticipate that future profits

will become dividends and they believe the value of the company's assets will increase. 在正常市场上，投资者购买一个公司的股票是因为他们预期公司未来的利润会成为红利，相信公司的资产能增值。

Sometimes, though, a "herd mentality" sets in and too many brokers rush to buy, driving prices

like mercury up a thermometer to levels that prove unrealistic. 不过，有时由于"羊效应"，众多经纪人蜂拥热购，股价就像温度计里的水银被一路推至虚高。

Eventually it becomes clear that further increases are not forthcoming and price deterioration

develops, followed by a swift drop. 最终，形势变得明了：股价不再上涨，演变为股价下挫，暴跌也随之而来。

When this happens to too many companies in aggregate, it is called a stock market crash. 当这种情况集中爆发于众多的公司时，就被称为股市崩盘。

A recent stock market bubble was the "dot-com" bubble. 最近一次股市泡沬就是互联网泡沫。

The buzz about the economic possibilities of the Internet encouraged investors to fund the

creation of many dotcom companies - too many it turned out. 对互联网经济前景的看好促使投资者们出资创建众多网络公司--最终证明是太多了。

For several years, dozens of entrepreneurs sought to duplicate for themselves the results of those

that had come before. 几年内，众多的创业者寻求复制以前网络公司的成功经验。

Many investors envisaged wealth for any business with a website that could advertise on TV or

billboards, even if their actual services were ambiguous. 许多投资者设想在电视和广告牌上给网站打广告来开展任意业务以牟取财富，尽管他们对自身实际业务都还模糊不清。

Instead, on March 10, 2000, the dot-com boom reached its peak when the stock index hit

5,132.52. 然而，在 2000 年 3 月 10 日股票指数到达 5，132.52 的最高点时，网络公司的繁荣到达顶峰。

Over the next two and a half years, the index dropped to as low as 1,108. 在紧接着的两年半时间里，指数持续跌落，低至 1，108 点。

Very few companies bucked the trend. Most had blundered into awful financial difficulties, selling

off their assets to healthier companies. 很少有公司能在颓势中挺住，大多数公司都陷入糟糕的财务困境，只好将其资产廉价脱手给更健康的公司。

Bubbles are not limited to the arena of real estate or "get rich" stock offerings. 泡沫并不局限于房地产领域或"赚钱"的股票发行。

In 1996, a series of stuffed animal toys called Ty Beanie Babies became such a fad that

speculators bought up large quantities, 在 1996 年，名为豆豆娃系列的布绒玩具迅速走红，有投机者大量买进，

assuming that their value as collectibles would continue to rise. 认为作为藏品，其价值会持续攀升。

Did anyone make money on that fad? 有人靠此种时尚赚钱了吗？

Maybe, but why not see for yourself? Check out the price of Beanie Babies in an online auction

site and decide if any of these sellers have struck it rich. 也许吧！但何不亲自看看呢？到在线拍卖网站核实其价格就能断定是否有卖家借此发财。

Unit 8

Text A

Reflections of a Chinese mother in the West 一位西方华裔母亲的思考

A lot of people wonder how Chinese parents raise such successful kids. 很多人想了解中国父母是如何培养出如此成功的孩子的。

They are baffled that these parents produce so many children with an abundance of talent and

whether they too could raise such a child. 他们想知道，为什么这些中国父母能养育出那么多天分极佳的孩子，他们是否也能培养出这样的孩子呢？

The fact is that Chinese parents do things that seem provocative, unimaginable, even illegal, to

opinionated Westerners. 事实是，中国父母的做法，对固执己见的西方人来说，令人愤慨，难以想象，甚至是违法的。

Chinese mothers can dispense with formal courtesies and say to an obese child who gorges on

food, "Hey fatty, lose some weight." 中国母亲可以不客气地对正在狼吞虎咽的肥胖孩子说："喂，小胖子，你要减肥了。"

By contrast, Western parents must be humane, tiptoe around the issue, talk in terms of "health",

and never ever mention the f-word. 与此相反，西方父母必须体谅地、小心翼翼而拐弯抹角地谈及"健康"，而且永远都不会提及"胖"字。

And still their kids end up in therapy for eating disorders and a negative self-image. 结果，孩子还是因为饮食紊乱和消极的自我评价得去求医问药。

I've thought long and hard about how Chinese parents can get away with what they do, and I

think there are three ideological differences between Chinese and Western parents. 长期以来我一直苦思冥想，中国父母这样做是如何能够全身而退的，我认为中西方的父母之间存在三种意识形态上的差异。

First, I've noticed Western parents cradle their children's self-esteem to insulate them from

criticism. 首先，我注意到西方父母呵护子女的自尊，使他们免受一切批评。

They worry about how their children will feel if they fail, and constantly try to solve their

children's worries, regardless of how badly they perform. 他们担心孩子失败后的感受，于是不断尽其所能解除子女的忧虑，而不管其表现如何糟糕。

The presumption is that the child is tender, not strong, and as a result Western parents behave

very differently than Chinese parents. 西方父母认为孩子是娇弱的，不够坚强，因此他们的行为也就与中国父母大相径庭了。

For example, if a child comes home with an A-minus on a test, a Western parent will most likely

praise the child. 举个例子，如果一个孩子考试得了个 Aˉ回家，西方父母很可能会表扬孩子。

For a Chinese mother an A-minus is no milestone; she will gasp in displeasure and ask what went

wrong. 而对中国母亲来说， Aˉ根本不算什么好成绩；她还会不快地叹气，问到底出了什么问题。

If the child comes home with a B, some Western parents, though hesitant, will still praise the

child. 如果孩子得了 B 回家，一些西方父母尽管十分不情愿，仍然会表扬孩子。

Other Western parents will express disapproval, but they won't question the child's intellect or

risk insecurities a Chinese mother in the West calling the child "stupid", "worthless" or "gross".

其他西方父母会表达出不满，但不会质疑孩子的智力，或贸然说孩子"笨蛋"、"一文不值"或"太可恶了"。

Privately, Western parents may worry about their child, but they will never tell the child. 而私下里，西方父母可能会感到担心，但绝不会让孩子们知道。

If a Chinese child gets a B, irrespective of the subject, there would first be a screaming,

hair-tearing explosion. 如果中国孩子得了 B，不管什么科目，首先面临的就是一声尖叫和恼怒的爆发。

The Chinese mother would intensify her efforts and get dozens, maybe hundreds of practice tests

and use every tool at her disposal, to get her child's grade up to an A. 中国母亲会更加不遗余力地来几十也许几百套的测验题，不惜采取手头任何办法来让自己孩子的成绩提高到 A。

Chinese parents demand perfect grades because they take it for granted that their child can get

them, and grades are a more important measure of success than "self-esteem". 中国父母要求完美的成绩，因为他们理所当然地认为孩子完全可以做到，而且分数是比"自尊"更为重要的衡量成功的标准。

If their child doesn't get all A's the Chinese parents assume it's because the child didn't work hard

enough. 如果孩子没拿到全 A，中国父母就认为这是因为孩子不够努力。

That's why the solution to substandard performance is always to punish and shame the child. 这就是为什么对表现欠佳的孩子，父母总是会施以惩罚和辱骂。

Chinese parents believe that their child is hardy enough to take the shaming and to improve from

it. 中国家长相信孩子足够坚强，能够承受羞辱，并会由此进步。

Second, Chinese parents believe their kids owe them everything. 其次，中国父母认为孩子欠他们一切。

The reason for this isn't clear, but it's probably a combination of the Confucian doctrine of loyalty

and the fact that parents have sacrificed so much for their children; 这种看法的原因尚不清楚，也许是儒家"忠"的信条，再加上父母为子女牺牲诸多这一事实。

so, Chinese children must spend their lives repaying their parents by obeying them and making

them proud. 因此，中国孩子必须听从父母教导，使他们自豪，终其一生回报他们。

Another area where Chinese and Westerners clash is that most Westerners don't believe

offspring must show permanent gratitude to parents. 中西方理念碰撞的另一领域是，西方人大多认为子女无须永远感激父母。

My Western husband actually has this opposite view. 我丈夫是个西方人，实际上就持有这种相反观点。

"Children don't choose their parents," he once said to me. "孩子又不能选择自己的父母，"他曾对我说过。

"They don't even choose to be born. It's parents who force life on their kids, so it's the parents'

responsibility to provide for them. "他们连要不要出生都没法选择，是父母强行给了他们生命，所以父母有责任抚养他们。

Kids don't owe their parents anything. Their duty will be to their own kids." This strikes me as a

terrible deal for the Western parents. 孩子一点都不欠父母的，他们只对自己的子女负责任。"这话让我觉得西方父母受到的待遇真差。

Third, Chinese parents believe they know what's best for their children and therefore have

ultimate authority over their children's desires and preferences. 第三，中国父母相信他们知道什么最适合自己的孩子，因此对子女的愿望和喜好有着至高无上的权威。

Chinese children have no rights to infringe, which is why Chinese daughters can't have boyfriends

in high school and there are no late curfews or trips to sleep-away camps. 中国孩子没有什么父母不能侵犯的权利，所以中国女孩儿在高中不能交男朋友，孩子们不能晚回家，不能参加在外过夜的野营旅行。

Also even the slightest defiance or indignation, anything less than unquestioning obedience, is

extinguished, and punished into submission. 哪怕一丁点的反抗或愤慨，只要不是绝对地服从，都会被根除，直至压服。

Don't get me wrong - it's not that Chinese parents don't care about their children. 不要误会我--

这并非中国父母不关心孩子，

In fact, just the opposite! Chinese parents give up anything and everything to help their children.

事实恰恰相反！中国父母放弃了他们一切的一切，来帮助自己的子女。

They just have an entirely different parenting model. 这只是教育模式完全不同而已。

Western propaganda often paints a portrait of Asian mothers as scheming, indifferent, militant

people unconcerned with their kids' true interests. 西方的宣传往往把亚洲母亲描绘为工于心计、冷漠无情，还喜欢动武，而对孩子的真正兴趣不管不顾。

For their part, many Chinese secretly believe they care more about their children and are willing

to sacrifice more for them than Westerners, 对许多中国人来说，他们私下里都认为自己比西方人更关心孩子，而且愿意为他们牺牲更多，

who seem perfectly content to let their children turn out badly and shame their tradition and

heritage. 而西方人似乎都乐见孩子变坏、有辱家风。

I think this is a misunderstanding on both sides. 我想双方都有误解。

Of course there is also some overlap - all decent parents want to do what's best for their children.

It's the methodology that's different. 当然也有部分共同之处--普天下称职的父母都想为孩子做最好的安排，只是方式方法不同而已。

Westerners preach respecting the children's individuality, encouraging them to pursue their true

passions, supporting their choices, and providing a positive and nurturing environment. 西方人宣扬尊重孩子的个性，鼓励他们去追求真正的激情，支持他们的选择，并提供积极有益的环境。

But while Western children may have a high opinion of themselves and glowing self-esteem, how

do they perform in the real world? 但西方孩子在自视甚高、自尊极强的同时，在现实世界又会表现如何？

Chinese parents protect their children by armoring them for the future, letting them see what

they're capable of, 中国父母如此磨砺子女为将来计，让其了解自己的所能，

and conferring upon them skills, work habits, and inner confidence that no one can ever take

away. 并赋予他们技能、工作习惯和内在信心这些没人能拿走的东西，这样来对孩子进行保护。

When the time comes to perform, Chinese children have a blueprint for success; they know how

to compete with the best the world has to offer. 到表现时机来临时，中国孩子已经成竹在胸；他们知道该如何利用自己在这个世界上所能学到的最好的本事去竞争。

The proof is in the pudding! "布丁"好坏，一试便知！

Text B

A Western mother's response 一位西方母亲的回应

In the days since the newspaper published the column by the Chinese mother, I have thought of

what I would say to her if I met her. 报纸上刊登出一位中国母亲的专栏之后的几天中，我曾经想过，要是能碰到她，我会对她说些什么。

I might point out, as others have, that Asian-American girls aged 15 to 24 have above average

rates of suicide and eating disorders. 我也许会像其他人一样指出，15 岁至 24 岁的亚裔美国女孩自杀和饮食失调的比例高于平均值。

I might question the arrogance of ascribing her child's success to the Chinese child-rearing

techniques of criticism and name-calling 我也许会质疑她把自己孩子的成功归结于中国式批评和谩骂的养育技巧，这种想法实在傲慢，

when it could just as likely have resulted from genetic or economic blessings. 孩子的成功可能

只是源于良好的遗传基因或经济条件。

But I have a feeling that she knows that. 不过，我觉得这点她是知道的。

More importantly, if I did make such contentions, I'd risk being called a liar by my own children.

更重要的是，如果我确实持此观点，就得冒着被自己孩子说成骗子的风险。

Sophie, my oldest, would remind me of the recent evening when I stared in stony silence at her

report card, sniffing in contempt at her father's happy congratulations. 索菲，我的长女，会提醒我就在不久前的一个晚上，我盯着她的成绩单一言不发，毫无表情，并对她父亲高兴的祝贺嗤之以鼻。

"What?" she said. "I got 5 solid As." "怎么了？"她说。"我可是得了 5 个 A 啊。"

I shrugged. 我耸耸肩。

"Come on", my husband complained. "别这样，"我丈夫抱怨道。

My daughter narrowed her eyes at me. She knew what was coming. 女儿眯起眼睛看我，她知道接下来会发生什么。

I pointed at the remaining three grades, sociology, biochemistry and intermediate aesthetics,

none a solid A. 我指着余下的三门课的成绩，社会学、生物化学和中级美学，没有一个是 A。

I certainly didn't think it warranted the "screaming, hair-tearing explosion" that the author

informs us would have greeted the daughter of a Chinese mother. 我当然不认为对此应该"尖叫和恼怒地爆发"，就像作者说的中国妈妈对待女儿的那样。

However, I articulated my displeasure clearly enough. The word "garbage" was not uttered. 不过，我也足够清晰地表达了自己的不满，只是没说"垃圾"这个词。

But, it was only because I feared my husband's reproach that I refrained from telling my own

daughter, when she collapsed in tears, that she was acting like an idiot. 她痛哭失声，我忍住了没说她像个白痴，但那也只是因为我担心丈夫的责备而已。

The difference, I suppose, between proud Chinese mothers and Western ones is that I felt

ashamed that I didn't subordinate my anger to my pride in what she did accomplish. 自负的中国母亲与西方母亲之间的差异，我觉得，在于我很羞愧自己并未对女儿取得的成绩感到自豪，而是任由自己的怒气发泄。

Admittedly (and I am ashamed to say this too), I also did not then go out and get hundreds of

practice tests and work through them with my daughter far into the night, doing whatever it took

to get her the A. 诚然（对此我也很惭愧），我之后也并没有去数百套的测验题，然后与女儿一起做题到深夜，千方百计让她拿到 A。

I would leave those tasks for a tutor to administer. 我会把那些工作留给家教来做。

I am, actually, grateful to the author, and for the insights she gave me. 其实，我很感谢作者，感谢她让我增长了见识。

Reading her essay definitely put some Chinese iron into my Western spine, and though I

eventually apologized to my daughter for failing to acknowledge,right off the bat, 读她的文章确实让我这西方的头脑融入了一些中国元素，尽管我最终向女儿道了歉

all those tough classes last semester in which she had done phenomenally well, 因为我没有一开始就认可上学期她在那些很难的课程上所取得的异常优秀的成绩，

and for expressing my disappointment at the others too vigorously, I have also vowed that she

will clamp down on those three subjects in which she is "underperforming". 并对其他课程表示了过于强烈的失望，但我也立誓要帮她攻克成绩不够好的三门课。

Her father and I are unanimous in this. 对此她父亲和我看法是一致的。

But Chinese methods, I think, do still need some scrutiny. 但中国的方法，我认为，确实仍然需

要推敲。

My daughter Rosie is mildly dyslexic, a learning difficulty that means she automatically reads

words backward. 我女儿罗西有轻度阅读障碍，她会不由自主地逆读，

By the time the psychiatrist diagnosed her, in second grade, she was lagging far behind her

classmates. 这是她读二年级时精神科医生诊断出来的，那时她已经远远落后于她的同学。

For years I forced her to spell words in the bathtub with foam letters, to do worksheets, to

subdivide words into sounds and take practice tests. 多年来，我强迫她在浴缸里用泡沫塑料字母拼写单词，做活页练习，把单词细分为读音，做各种练习测试。

My criticism and forced rehearsing was redundant, it turns out - inside, she was all ready to

punish herself, 我批评她以及强迫她不断练习是多余的，原来--在她内心，她早已准备好惩罚自己，

and I was only prolonging her misery and shattering her confidence. 我只不过是在延长她的痛苦，粉碎她的信心。

Eventually, and totally out of character, she even stopped loving school. 最后，她甚至不再爱上学了，这与她的性格全不相符。

She lost her sparkle. She started to suffer from constant stomachaches and broke down in tears

almost every day. 她失去了活力，开始不断地肚子难受，几乎每天都会流泪痛哭。

At last we heard about a reading program where students spent four hours every day in a small

room under a supervisor with a specialization in dyslexia, drilling in letters and sight words. 后来，我们听说有一个阅读课程，学生在专攻阅读困难的专家的引导下，每天在小房间里花四个小时进行字母和常见单词练习。

It sounded awful, but Rosie insisted on it. 这听起来很可怕，但罗西执意要去。

She loved books and stories. She wanted to read. 她喜欢书籍和小说，她想要阅读。

Every day when we picked her up, her face would be red with tears, her eyes hollow and

exhausted. 每天我们去接她时，她的脸总是红红的，满是泪水，两眼无神，疲惫不堪。

Every day we asked her if she wanted to quit. 我们每天都问她，要不要退出。

Neither her father nor I wanted to make a unilateral decision when she was the one who suffered,

so we asked her. 无论是她父亲还是我都不想单方面替她作出决定，因为她才是遭受痛苦的人，所以我们问她的意见。

But every day she returned to the trenches, her little shoulders bent under the weight of her

struggle. 而每天，她都回到课程训练现场，挣扎于重压之下，她的小肩膀都弯了。

Rosie has a process she follows when she's scared - "Overcome your fears," she whispers to

herself. 每当害怕的时候，罗西有一套自己的办法--她会对自己轻声说"要战胜恐惧"。

I don't know where she learned it. Maybe from one of those television shows I shouldn't let her

watch. 我不知道她是从哪里学来的，也许是某个我不该让她看的电视节目。

At the end of a grim and brutal month, Rosie learned to read. 在一个月严厉苛刻的学习结束时，罗西掌握了阅读。

Not because we sat like watchdogs and forced her to drill and practice and repeat, 这不是因为我们像看守似地盯着她，强迫她练习、实践和重复，

not because we dragged her kicking and screaming, or denied her food, or kept her from using

the bathroom, but because she forced herself. 也不是因为我们拽着她又踢又叫，或者不给她饭吃，不让她上厕所，而是因为她自己逼着自己学。

Because of this, she emerged with a conception of herself as a powerful, versatile person. 正因为如此，她开始意识到自己是一个意志坚强、多才多艺的人。

I have a feeling when Chinese children are underdeveloped or suffer from learning disabilities like

Rosie's, 我觉得中国孩子如果发育存在问题或者像罗西这样有学习障碍时，

their parents channel their admirable passion into finding a solution that works. 他们的父母会投入令人钦佩的热情去寻可行的解决方案。

They are just as dogged and determined, but in an entirely different way. 他们同样是不屈不挠，无比坚定，只不过用的是完全不同的方式。

In some scenarios roaring like a tiger turns children into pianists who debut at Carnegie Hall, but

in others it only limits, constricts, and reins them in. 某些情形下，咆哮如虎能让孩子成为在卡内基音乐厅首演的钢琴家，但其他情况下这只会限制、压迫、束缚他们。

Positive enthusiasm gives some the excuse to fail and others the chance to succeed. 热切的关注会成为一些孩子失败的原因，也会给其他孩子成功的机会。

Wherever we reside on our big green, blue planet, Chinese mothers and I both understand that

our job as mothers is to be the type of tigress that each of our different children needs. 这碧绿而又蔚蓝的广袤星球上，无论我们居于何处，中国母亲和我都明白，我们作为母亲的职责是成为每个孩子各自所需要的母老虎类型。