秦始皇英文简介
秦始皇简介
Qin Shi Huang (the first 259 Lunar New Year in December third - before
210 years), won the surname, Zhao, name politics, also known as Zhao Zheng
(political), Qin Zheng, or Zulong, Qin Zhuang Xiang Wang son. Chinese
history, the famous politicians, strategists, reformers, the first to
complete the Huaxia unified iron fist political figures, but also ancient
and modern first known as the emperor s monarch.
Qin Shi Huang was born in Zhao capital of Handan (now Handan), and spent
a teenager in this period. 247 years ago, 13 years old when the throne.
In 238 years ago, at the age of 22, in the capital city held in the city
of the monarch of the coronation ceremony, began to mercy , get rid of
Lu Weiwei, 嫪 毐 and others, reuse Li Si, Wei Liao, from 230 years ago
to 221 years ago, Has completed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, Qi six
countries, 39 years old to complete the reunification of China s great
cause, to establish a unified national unity as the central strong state
- the Qin Dynasty, and laid the territory of China The
Qin Shihuang that his credit than the previous three emperors and five
emperors, the use of the emperor of the emperor , the emperor of the emperor
constitute the emperor title, is the first in Chinese history to use the
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emperor title of the monarch, so self- At the same time in the central
implementation of the three public Jiuqing, the management of national
affairs. Local abolition of sub-seal system, on behalf of the county
system, at the same time the same book, car with the track, a unified
measure. External north of the Huns, South levy Baiyue, built the Great
Wall, the construction of Lingqu, communication water system.
But in the late, beggar dream of longevity, harsh abuse of people, shook
the foundation of the Qin Dynasty rule, the first 210 years, Qin Shihuang
East tour on the way to collapse in Xingtai dunes.
Qin Shihuang is an all-powerful and epoch-making figure in Chinese
history. It is the first emperor of the Chinese dynasty, the founding
emperor of the Qin dynasty, which has had a profound impact on China and
world history and pushed China into a great reunification era, Laying the
basic pattern of China s political system more than two thousand years,
by the Ming Dynasty thinker Li Zhi known as through the ages.
Early experience
Qin Shihuang in the forty-eight years of the first month (January 27,
259 BC) was born, the birthplace of the city of Handan City (Great North
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City) Wen Ming Dian site and Cong Taiwan to the south, in this city in
the east of the street Taiwan southwest of Zhujia Lane area. Is the Qin
Zhuang Xiang Wang s neutron, Shang dynasty minister to evil to the 35th
Sun, won the surname Zhao, name politics.
247 years ago, Qin Zhuang Xiang Wang collapse, 13-year-old Ying Zheng
was established as the king, then Lv Buwei for the phase, independent power.
Ascended the throne because of the young, the country is dominated by the
state Lv Buwei control, and respect for Lu Zhongwei for the father. In
239 years ago, Qin Wang Zheng was 21 years old will be pro-government,
but this time the Qin court has set off a fierce political struggle.
Early Lv Buwei not only hold the court, but also with the Queen Mother
(Zhao Ji) betrayal. After the Qin Wang Zheng increasingly old, afraid he
was found, want to leave the Queen Mother, afraid of the Queen Mother
resentment, so put their own door off the fake corruption, only remove
the beard, eyebrows dedicated to the Queen Mother, for its music The Qin
Wang Zheng grew up, so they lie to him that the Queen Mother Palace feng
shui bad, should be removed from here. Qin Wang Zhengxin that is true,
so they moved to Yongxian palace, the results of the Queen Mother gave
birth to two bastard, and the 嫪 毐 also to Qin Wang Gong fake father,
嫪 毐 in a drunk after a minister reprimanded: I am the king The father
of the dare father, you dare to provoke me. This minister was very angry
to hear, and secretly find a chance to the relationship between the Queen
and the Queen Mother told Qin Wang Zheng, Qin Wang Zheng learned very angry,
The And 嫪 毐 in the Queen Mother s help was sealed as long letter Hou,
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with Shanyang, Taiyuan and other places, since the party.嫪 毐 operating
in the Yong City for many years, the establishment of a huge force, is
the Qin Dynasty after Lu Weiwei a strong political forces.
In 238 years ago, Qin Wang Zheng in the city of Yong City Corps held crown
ceremony.嫪 毐 use Qin Wang Yu Xi and the Queen Wu Xi launched a rebellion,
attack the Qiyun Palace. Qin Wang Zheng has been arranged in the Qiyun
Palace three thousand elite, defeated the rebels.嫪 毐 turn Xianyang
Palace, where the army has long ago, 嫪 毐 one person fled, not long
before they were arrested. Qin Wang Zheng will be cleansing, exposed dead
show the public; again the mother Zhao Ji Guan Yu Yong City of the palace;
wrestling with the Queen Mother born two bastard. The following year, Wang
Wang Wang Lv Buwei from the phase of the job, the Lv Buwei exile to Bashu.
Lv Buwei know that his relationship with the king can not be saved,
drinking poison suicide. Later, although the Qin Wang Zheng heard the
aristocracy of Qin said, under the guest book , expelled from the six
diners, but was Li s remonstrance by the guest book discouraged, then he
reused the Wei Liao, Li Si And so on.
Unified six countries
Qin Wangcheng in power, the appointment of Wei Liao and Lisi and others,
and actively implement a unified strategy.
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In 236 years ago, Zhao, Yan two countries war. Zhao Gong sent troops to
attack Yan, and Qin to save the name of Wang Jian Jian will be sent troops
to attack Zhao, respectively, took Zhao s 阏 and, 轑 Yang (Nanyang
northwest), Hejian (Hebei Xianxian southeast), Anyang (Hebei Yangyuan
County southeast) and other cities, Zhang water basin has been occupied
by the Qin.
In the first 234 years, Qin and Zhao to attack Zhao, to take the Zhao
established Yanmen County and the cloud in the county.
231 years ago, Wei was forced to part of the land Qin Qin, South Korea
was also forced to offer the Nanyang Qin.
Qin sent within the history of Teng to do Nanyang fake.
In the past 230 years Qin sent within the history of Teng attack Korea,
captured the Han Wangan, built in the Han Dynasty Yingchuan County, South
Korea perish. At this time Zhao suffered a major drought. Qin Wang Jian
led the army directly under the Jingxing (Jingxing County, Hebei Province),
Qin will be led by the end of Hanoi soldiers into the Zhao are Handan.
Zhao sent Li Mu, Sima Shang led the army to resist. Zhao Wang pet minister
Guo Kai by the Qin bribe, spread rumors that Li Mu, Sima Shangguo against.
Zhao Wang therefore switch to Zhao Cong and Yan together for Li Mu, Sima
Shang, and killed Li Mu.
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In the first 229 Wang Jian broken Zhao Jun, killed Zhao Cong, captured
the king of Zhao. Zhao Gongzi Jia led his family hundreds of people fled
to Zhao on behalf of the county, self-reliance on behalf of the king. Qin
in Handan area in Handan established Handan County.
In the first 227 years, Qin sent Wang Jian, Xin Sheng attack Yan. Yan,
on behalf of the two countries sent troops to resist, was defeated in the
west of Yi water. The following year the Qin army attack Yan are thistle
city. Yan Wang Xi moved to Liaodong. Qin will be loyal to the pursuit of
the letter, Yan Wang Xi listen to the plan on behalf of Wang Jia, killing
Prince Dan, Prince Edward Dan s head dedicated to Qin and sum.
226 years ago, South Korea capital rebellion, Qin sent troops to settle
the Korean rebellion, took the opportunity to sacrifice Han Wang.
In the past 225 years, Qin Wang political party general Wang Biao attack
Wei, surrounded by Wei are beam (Kaifeng City), cited the Yellow River
water city, three months Liang City bad, Wei Wang out, Wei destroyed. Qin
in the eastern part of Wei established Dang County. In the same year, Qin
sent Li Xin, Meng Wu with 20 million troops attack Chu. Li Xin attack Chu
Pingyu (Pingyu County North), Meng Wu attack Chu sleep (Anhui Linquan
County), made the initial victory. Qin and the two armies in the city
father (now Anhui Province Bo County southeast city father) meet, Chu by
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Qin Jun not prepared to launch a counterattack, defeated Qin. Wang Jian
Wang Qin Wang Jian army with 600,000 troops set off, breaking the Chu army
in Qi (now Anhui Suxian southeast), forcing Chu to commit suicide. Then
the Qin army captured Chu Shouchun, captured the king of negative
brilliance. Qin Yu Chu Jiujiang County (Anhui Shou County), Changsha
County (Changsha, Hunan).
Before 222 years, Wang Jian Ping Chu Jiangnan, surrender of the more Jun,
set Huiji County, Chu country demise. Qin in the Chu at the same time,
constantly expanding eastward, one after another set up, and to capture
Qi, set Xue County (Shandong Qufu County).
In the past 222 years, Qin Wangzheng Wang Zhan attack Yan Liaodong, Khan
Yan Wang Xi, destroyed the Yan country. And then back to the division on
behalf of the generation, the prisoners Wang Jia, the establishment of
county (Hebei Yuxian southwest) and Liaodong County (Liaoyang City,
Liaoning Province, the old city).
In 221 years ago, the Qin Dynasty Wang Ben from Yan Guo Nan under the
attack Qi, captured Qi Wang Jian, off the Qi, Qi Qi established in the
county (Shandong Zibo City, northeast) and Langya County (Shandong
Jiaonan Southwest Xiahe City).
Qin from the past 230 years, to the end of Qi, 10 years after the merger
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of the six countries, from the end of the aristocratic royal dictatorship
of the kingdom, into the monarchy of the imperial era.
To create a monarchy
Qin Wang Zheng twenty-six years (before 221) off six countries, the king
number is not enough to show its industry, is the emperor. And continue
to implement the filial piety since the law of Shang Yang s legalist policy,
to strengthen the monarchy, weaken the old aristocracy, promoted by the
military and rise up aristocracy. Qin Empire land ownership is basically
still maintain the Western Zhou Dynasty Wang land system, and change Wang
You as state . Qin Shihuang in the previous 216 years ordered the national
farmers to report the actual amount of land occupied in order to levy taxes.
And even civilians, as long as there is military power can also grant land
and title. Although the Qin Dynasty in the Shang Yang reform when the
implementation of the grant system , the farmer s land is nominally owned
by the state, private farming, but the move so that the people actually
occupied the original Wang land, and soon after the evolution of the
farmers And officials are free to buy and sell the land, so the Qin Shang
Shang Yang reform eventually facilitate the development of private land.
After the abolition of sub-monarchy, the establishment of a set from the
central to the local county system and bureaucracy. At the beginning of
the country for the 36 counties, later with the expansion of the land to
46 counties, set Xianyang (Shaanxi Xianyang City Qindu District) for the
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capital. The highest bureaucrats of the central government are the prime
minister, the censor and the captain, also known as the three public .
The governor of the local governor is governor of the governor of the
prefecture. County system initially broke the blood relationship of the
patriarchal system, feudal system, bureaucratic system instead of the
aristocratic hereditary system. In order to consolidate the regime, Qin
Shihuang also implemented a series of policies, mainly: unified currency
and weights and measures; unified text; the construction of the Great Wall,
Chi Road and straight; forced the six countries to enrich the people and
civilians. After the reunification of the six countries, in order to
prevent the six aristocracy in accordance with the clan resurgence ,
forced them to migrate to Xianyang, they want to care for the imperial
tombs, or migrate to the southwest remote areas, some civilians are also
forced to migrate, Prisoners, do mining, open salt wells and other hard
labor. In the first 215 years, Qin will Meng Tian wins nine original Henan,
set 34 counties, the establishment of Jiuyuan County (governance in Inner
Mongolia Baotou City, northwest).
After the reunification of the six countries, Shang Yang reform strongly
opposed to all aspects of the school, talent have come to Qin service,
may Qin Shi Huang adopted the Qin characteristics of Shang Yang reform ,
resulting in a variety of supernatural popularity Qin empire. Which
Huanglao Taoist, yin and yang home, they integrated Confucianism, France,
Taoist theory, put forward the so-called five virtues always said,
especially the emperor s trust, the emperor then think that Qin is the
water, , Water can fire, so Qin was the world. From the Qi Yan to the
Confucian scholar who the Confucian Feng Zen also made a change of face
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to face again, rumors since the ancient emperor did not hold a memorial
ceremony.
Parade for cents
Qin Shihuang twenty-eight years to thirty-one years (before 219 ~ before
215) continuous to the east coast, the Yangtze River Basin and the north
side of the parade, wherever he went, all carved its merit.
In his later years Qin Shihuang obsessed with the immortality of the
surgery, believe in the number of orders. Also said that the sea Penglai,
abbot, Yingzhou Mishima, is the place where the gods live, immortal
medicine , after serving can be longevity. Qin Shi Huang heard very tempted,
fantasy to become immortal immortal. Some strange guilty, such as Lu Sheng,
Han end, Xu Fu, Hou Sheng, are defected to the Qin Dynasty.
Lu Sheng persuaded Qin Shihuang said: We are looking for Ganoderma
lucidum, Qiaoqi and immortal has been unable to find, there must be
something with them suggest that you want to secretly travel,
to expel the evil spirits. Evil spirits away, immortal really If you let
the courtiers know that they will interfere with the gods, I hope you live
in the palace do not let others know, so that the immortality of the drug
may be able to get. Qin Shi Huang announced: I envy the immortal reality,
I call myself no one , no longer called I . He also ordered the two hundred
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miles in the vicinity of Xianyang two hundred and seventy palace view with
bridges, corridors connected to each other, the curtain Account, bells
and beauties are placed in the inside, all in accordance with the
registered position shall not move. Where the emperor went, if someone
said it, he was sentenced to death.
Xu Fu and others into the sea to find immortal medicine, spent a lot of
time and money did not find. He was afraid of being punished, to deceive
the emperor said: that there are three mountains in the sea. But we are
often troubled by the big shark, so we can not reach. I hope the emperor
sent a good shot to go with people, met the big shark with bursts of bow
crossbow shot it. Fighting Qin Shi Huang dream and sea gods, the shape
of the sea god and human shape similar to the dream of the doctor said:
Water God could not see, he used a big fish dragon to detect. Now the
emperor s ritual and thoughtful, but there is such a god, only to get rid
of it to find the real good God. So Qin Shihuang ordered the people to
carry the sea to catch large fish tools, personally with a crossbow to
shoot a big fish.
Qin Shi Huang believed that sent him to lead three thousand children boys
and girls, take the boat into the sea for the mountains, after I do not
know the end, perhaps in case of shipwreck, perhaps drift to a island
settlement, the latter is more likely, folklore is to Japan The.
Burning book pit Confucianism
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Qin Shihuang thirty-two years (before 205 years) and Yan Yan Lu Sheng
envy door, high oath and other immortal traces, and later to Han Tong,
Hou Gong, Shi Sheng Qi immortal medicine. For the Qin Shi Huang this
behavior, but also Confucianism that remonstrance, Dr. Qi Qi Chunyu
proposed the beginning of the emperor is still divided into the clan
children for the princes of the policy, the emperor to the minister to
discuss. The prime minister Liss against. Li Si s memorial led to the
emperor ordered the burning of the prohibition of the book, the provisions
of the history of non-Qin Ji are burning; non-doctoral officer, the world
dare to possession of poetry , book , Wei , the book , abandoned the city;
to ancient non-today, the family. Officials are not known and condemned.
So that the next 30 days do not burn, 黥 for the city Dan. Quasi-preserved,
medicine, divination, tree. If you wish to learn the law, then the official
as a teacher.
Before the emperor had felt deceived, so ordered the censor case asked
the students, exposing each other involved more than four hundred and
sixty people, the emperor ordered them to live in Xianyang buried. Some
people think that Historical Records records Qin Shi Huang pit is a warlock,
not a scholar, but according to Historical Records Qin Shi Huang Ji Ji
records Qin Shi Huang Keng kill people are recite Confucius.
Driving the dunes
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Qin Shihuang thirty-seven years (before 210 years), Qin Shi Huang died
in his fifth trip to the east of the sand dune (now Hebei Guangzong). After
the death of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, Zhao Gao to persuade Hu Hai threatened
Li Si s way, the two in the sand dune after some conspiracy, fake Qin Shi
emperor issued an edict, by the Hu Hai inherited the throne, but also to
the name of the Qin Shi Huang accused of sub-filial piety, Infidelity,
so that they commit suicide, not defy. In the exact news of Su Su suicide,
Hu Hai, Zhao Gao, Lisi this command the team day and night, quickly return
to Xianyang.
In order to continue to deceive the subjects, the team did not dare to
return to Xianyang, but put the posture to continue patrol, bypassed
Xianyang. As the summer heat, Qin Shi Huang s body has been rotting smelly.
To cover the eyes and ears, Hu Hai a line of life to buy a lot of abalone
installed in the car, abalone taste to cover up the corpse of the body,
confused everyone. Back to Xianyang, Hu Hai to the throne, is for the Qin
II, Zhao Gao Ren Lang, Li Si still do the prime minister, but the court
s power actually fell to the hands of Zhao. Zhao Gao conspiracy succeeded,
began to hurt the people around the people. He lay the trap, the Li Si
gradually forced to death on the road, Li Si found Zhao Gao conspiracy,
the letter on the letter Zhao Gao. Qin Ershi Hu Hai not only favor the
high, and will Li Si crime, and finally the lips cut in Xianyang. Zhao
Gaosheng any prime minister, because he can go out of the palace ban,
especially in the prime minister.
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