2019外研版高中英语必修第一册Unit 6 At one with nature同步复习师

Unit 6 At one with nature

知识 - 清单破

Ⅰ.核心单词

(A)写作词汇—写词形

1. sheet n.(冰或水等的)一大片

2. region n.地区,区域

9. living adj.活的,活着的

10. climate n.气候

3. therefore adv.因此,由此 11.

4. shallow adj.浅的 12.

5. agriculture n.农业 13.

6. replace v.以……替换,更换 14.

7. material n.材料 15.

8. structure n.结构,构造,组织 16.

(B)阅读词汇—明词义

1. wrap v. 包,裹 16.

2. frost n. 霜 17.

3. terrace n. 梯田 18.

4. dynasty n. 朝代 19.

5. steep adj. 陡的,陡峭的 20.

6. soil n. 土壤 21.

7. vapour n. 蒸气 22.

8. crop n. 庄稼,作物 23.

9. mineral n. 矿物,矿产 24.

10. priority n. 优先处理的事,当务之25.

急 26.

11. barrier n. 障碍,壁垒 27.

12. reef n. 礁 28.

13. organism n. 生物,有机体 29.

14. observatory n. 天文台,观象台 30.

15. basin n. 盆地,低洼地 31.

(C)拓展词汇—灵活用

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inside adv.在(建筑物、房间)内publish v.出版

expert adj.内行的,专家的

rent v.租用,租借

pleasant adj.令人愉快的

system n.系统

grand adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的

canyon n. 峡谷

valley n. 谷,山谷

platform n. 高台,平台

waterfall n. 瀑布

thunder v. 打雷

channel n. 海峡

tunnel n. 隧道

camel n. 骆驼

desert n. 沙漠,荒漠

sunflower n. 向日葵

branch n. 树枝

rooftop n. 屋顶

thistle n. 蓟

herb n. (用于调味)香草

flavour n. 味,味道

1. completion n.完成,结束→ complete vt.完成 adj.完整的,完全的,彻底的

2. prevent v.阻挡,防止→ prevention n.预防,阻止

3. harmony n.融洽相处,和谐→ harmonious adj.和谐的

4. design v.设计 → designer n.设计者

5. harm v.伤害,损害→ harmful adj.有害的,导致损害的→ harmless adj.

无害的

6. consumer n.消费者→ consume vt.消耗,耗费

7. beauty n.美,美丽→ beautify vt.美化;使更美丽→ beautiful adj.美丽的

8. narrow adj.狭窄的,不宽的→ narrowly adv.勉强地;狭隘地

9. sail v.(乘船)航行→ sailor n.海员;水手

10. limited adj.有限的→ limit vt.限制

11. benefit n.好处,益处→ beneficial adj.有利的

12. energy n.力量,活力→ energetic adj.精力充沛的

Ⅱ.重点短语

1. be home to 是……的生长地;发源地

2. from the bottom to the very top 从底部到最顶部

3. wash away 冲走

4. in harmony with 与……协调,与……一致

5. connect with 连接;与……联系

6. once again 再一次

7. feed on 以……为食

8. pass down 传下来

9. prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事

10. 用……代替……

11. be located in 位于,坐落于

12. 把……(划)分成……

13. be made from 由……制成

14. care for 关心;照顾;喜欢

15. remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事

16. 把……与……分开

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17. be 因……而出名

18. check out 察看,观察,调查

19. note down 记下

20. green fingers 高超的种植技能

21. be at one with 完全一致,是……的一部分

22. reflect on 仔细考虑,思考

23. as well as 也,又,还,不但……而且……

24. be good for 有益于,对……有好处

25. lead to 导致;通往

Ⅲ.经典结构

1.在雨季,雨水正是沿着这些水渠从山上流下进入梯田。

During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down

the mountains and into the terraces.

2.今天,数以百万的英国人喜欢说他们有“绿手指 (意为擅长园艺)”,约有一半的人都把空闲时间用在打理花园上。

Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”,

with around half the population spending their free time gardening.

3.虽然许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于用周日来锄草,但也有的人只要能坐在树枝下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。

And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the

grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the

world around them.

4.那些外部没有空间的(居民)可以租用小块土地来种植作物。

Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land

on which to grow things.

5.现如今,伦敦有四千多人在等待(租用)这样的土地。

Today, there are over 4,000 people in London waiting for such pieces of land.

6.园艺不仅对环境有好处,而且对心灵也有好处。

As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the

soul.

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Ⅳ.长难句分析

1. Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could

grow rice.

分析:本句是主从复合句。 Building the terraces 为动名词短语作主语; that 引导宾语从句,作动词meant的宾语; in which they could grow rice 为定语从句,修饰先行词

areas 。

句意:因此,建造梯田意味着他们能够扩大他们可以种植水稻的面积。

2. But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony

with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.

分析:本句是主从复合句。 what is most significant 为主语从句; in which 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 way ;定语从句中 to make these terraces and grow rice 为动词不定式短语,在句中作目的状语。

句意:但也许最重要的是,人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。

3. This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations

continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces.

分析:本句是主从复合句。先行词为整个主句, which 引导非限制性定语从句,在该定语从句中又含有宾语从句 that new generations continue to use ancient methods of

agriculture to maintain the terraces 。

句意:这种知识通过家族世代相传,这意味着后代子孙一直沿用古老的农耕方式维持着梯田的运作。

Ⅴ.必备语法

1. These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is

home.

2. Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they

could grow rice.

3. But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in

harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.

4. This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.

词汇 - 情景破

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1. prevent sb./sth.(from)doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事

The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.(教材P63) 水平的梯田能够储存雨水,防止土壤流失。

情景导学

We are prevented/stopped/kept by the frightening sandstorm from going to school. 可怕的沙尘暴阻止了我们去上学。

Educating new drivers is important for the prevention of accidents. 教育新司机对事故的预防很重要。

We try to make a fire to protect us from the cold night. 我们试图生火以保护我们免受夜晚的寒冷。

归纳拓展

① prevent sb./sth.(from)doing sth.

= stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.

= keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事

② prevention n.预防,阻止,妨碍

③ protect sb./sth. From /保护某人/某物免受……

注意:prevent sb./sth.(from)doing sth.和stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.用法相同,在主动语态中from可以省略,但是在被动语态中from不能省略;keep sb./sth. from doing sth.中的from无论在主动语态还是被动语态中均不能省略。

单句语法填空

1-1 Prevention (prevent)is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping

point (临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return.

解析 考查词性转换。句意:科学家说,预防是关键,因为一旦生态系统超过它们的临界点,它们回来就相当困难了。此处作主语,因此用名词形式。

1-2 But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another

one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death

of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from/against woodcutting or

development.

解析 考查介词。句意:但是,McIntyre和他的同事们将20世纪20年代和30年代对加

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州森林的研究与2001年到2010年的另一项研究进行了比较,他们记录了一种大范围的大树死亡,甚至在保护其不被伐木或开发的荒地上也很明显。protect sb./sth. 保护某人/某物免受……。

句型转换

1-3 Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so.

→Sure, I could have asked her, but something stopped me from doing so.

→Sure, I could have asked her, but something kept me from doing so.

2. harmony n.融洽,和谐

But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony

with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.(教材P63) 但也许最重要的是,人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。

情景导学

We are trying to form a harmonious society to meet people’s needs. 我们正在努力构建一个和谐的社会来满足人们的需求。

归纳拓展

① in harmony (with) (与……)融洽;(与……)一致

② harmonious adj.和谐的,协调的

完成句子

2-1 人类生活被认为是自然的一部分,同样,我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和谐相处。

Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to

live in harmony with nature.

单句语法填空

2-2 Rules help us live together in harmony, because they show us the right way to

treat others.

解析 考查介词。句意:规则帮助我们融洽地生活在一起,因为它们向我们展示了正确对待他人的方式。in harmony融洽。

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3. design v.设计;打算;意欲,意图 n.设计;设计方案

The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each

other.(教材P63) 这些梯田设计巧妙,其间有数百条相互连通的水渠。

情景导学

This entrance is specially designed for people in wheelchairs. 这个入口是专门为坐轮椅的人设计的。

The party was designed to bring the two old men together. 这次聚会的目的是让两位老人聚在一起。

We didn’t know whether it was done by accident or by design. 我们不知道那是偶然还是故意为之。

归纳拓展

① be designed for .../ to do ...专为……设计;目的是……

② by design 有意地,故意地

单句语法填空

3-1 HUNCH is designed to connect (connect)high school classrooms with NASA

engineers.

解析 考查非谓语动词。 句意:HUNCH的设计目的是连接高中教室和NASA的工程师。be designed 为……而设计;目的是……。

3-2 The Center offers programs designed (design)to challenge and inspire with

hands-on tasks and lots of fun.

解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:该中心提供的项目旨在通过手动操作和许多乐趣给人以挑战和激励。此处programs与design之间为被动关系,应用过去分词短语作后置定语。

3-3 Who would you like to get to design (design) the film poster, Kate or Helen?

解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:你想让谁来设计电影海报,凯特还是海伦?get sb. to do sth.让某人做某事。

3-4 This dictionary is designed for advanced English learners.

解析 考查介词。句意:这本词典是为高级英语学习者而设计的。be 为……而设计。

3-5 The Shard was designed (design)by the famous Italian architect RenzoPiano.

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解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:伦敦碎片大厦是由著名的意大利建筑师Renzo

Piano设计的。根据句意可知此处描述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时,The Shard与design之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。

4. harm v.& n.伤害,损害

These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed

on insects that can harm the rice crops.(教材P63) 这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的环境,一些鸟和鱼以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。

情景导学

The heavy haze in the eastern area of China especially in Jinan did great harm to people’s

health. 华东地区特别是济南的严重雾霾对人们的健康造成了巨大的损害。

There’s no harm in telling him the truth. 把真相告诉他没有什么坏处。

It’s harmful to your health to drink too much. 过量饮酒对你的健康有害。

归纳拓展

① do...harm/do harm to ...对……有害

there is no harm in (sb.’s)doing sth.做某事(对某人)没有什么坏处

② harmful adj.有害的;导致损害的

完成句子

4-1 然而,没有来自父母的表扬也会伤害他们的自信心。

However, no praise from parents also harms their self-confidence.

句型转换

4-2 Pets are amusing and entertaining, but we are in a way doing animals harm by making

them live in a human environment.

→Pets are amusing and entertaining, but we are in a way doing harm to

animals by making them live in a human environment.

单句语法填空

4-3 Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and

the harmful (harm)effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

解析 考查形容词。句意:她1962年(出版)的畅销书《寂静的春天》提高了人们对污

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be harmful to ...对……有害处

染的危险和化学物质对人类以及世界上的湖泊和海洋的有害影响的认识。此处修饰名词effects,故应用形容词,根据句意可知应用harmful。

5. replace v.以……替换,更换

In sentence (a), can we replace “in which” with “where” without changing the

meaning?(教材P65) 在句子(a)中,我们可以用“where”代替“in which”而不改变其含义吗?

情景导学

Teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in the classroom. 课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。

Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. 反对电视的另一种论点是,它作为一种娱乐形式代替了阅读。

Since Tom is absent, who will take the place of him?由于汤姆缺席,谁会代替他呢?

归纳拓展

① replace sb./sth.=take the place of sb./sth.代替某人/某物

② replace sb./sth. with /by... 用……代替某人/某物

③ as ... 取代……而成为……

单句语法填空

5-1 Nervousness and fear were replaced with/by joy.

解析 考查介词。句意:紧张和恐惧被喜悦取代了。replace sb./sth. 用……代替某人/某物。

5-2 The living-room television is replaced (replace)and gets planted in the kids’

解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:客厅的电视被替换了,被安置在孩子们的房间里……。根据谓语动词gets可知应使用一般现在时,The living-room television与replace之间为被动关系,因此应用一般现在时的被动语态。

完成句子

5-3 对大多数孩子来说,电视不能代替阅读;它取代了类似的各种娱乐活动,比如听收音机和做运动。

TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it

takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio

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and playing sports.

6. narrow adj.狭窄的,窄小的 vi.& vt. (使)变窄;缩小

Tourists can stand on a narrow glass platform called the Skywalk to see the Grand

Canyon.(教材P66) 游客可以站在一个叫作“天空步道”的狭窄的玻璃平台上观看科罗拉多大峡谷。

情景导学

She narrows her life to a certain circle of friends. 她把她的生活限定在一个特定的朋友圈中。

He had a narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice. 车在冰上打滑,他险些出事。

He was narrowly hit by a bus when he was turning to the left. 向左转弯时,他险些被一辆公共汽车撞到。

归纳拓展

① to ... 把……局限在……之内

② have a narrow escape 九死一生,幸免于难

③ narrowly adv.勉强地,以毫厘之差;狭隘地

写出下列句中narrow的词性和词义

6-1 Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives.

(词性: 动词 ;词义: 缩小 )

6-2 Leaping on a narrow balance beam(平衡木) is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old

gymnast, is an expert at it.

(词性: 形容词 ;词义: 狭窄的 )

完成句子

6-3 父母和孩子应该更多地交流,以缩小他们之间的隔阂,以便他们能更好地相互理解。

Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so

that they can understand each other better.

7. limited adj.有限的

But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.(教材P70) 但是

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在城市,有限的空间导致人们寻新的解决方案。

情景导学

My wife and I set a limit on how much we spend on clothes. 我和妻子给服装的开支多少设定了一个限额。

The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures. 教授历史不应该局限在年代和人物上。

归纳拓展

① limit n.限制;极限;界限 vt.限制

set a limit on 设定限制

② limitation n.限制

单句语法填空

7-1 To people who are used to the limited (limit) choice of apples such as Golden

Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of

classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.

解析 考查形容词。此处作定语,修饰名词choice,故用形容词limited。

7-2 Sometimes, he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.

解析 考查介词。句意:有时他被限制在一个水下的笼子里,但那并没有让他感到不安。把……限制在……。

7-3 As more people move into apartments, there are limitations (limit) on keeping of

animals like dogs and monkeys.

解析 考查名词复数。句意:随着更多的人搬进了公寓,养狗和猴子等动物受到了限制。根据are可知此处应用名词的复数形式。

8. benefit n.好处,益处 v.使受益;得益于

What are the benefits of gardening?(教材P70) 园艺的好处是什么?

情景导学

I have benefited a lot from extensive reading. 广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。

It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health. 据说瑜伽对人体健康有极大的好处。

This New English-Chinese Dictionary will be very beneficial to your English learning. 这本

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把……限制在……

be limited to ... 局限于……

《新英汉词典》对你的英语学习非常有好处。

归纳拓展

① benefit from ... 从……中受益

be of benefit to sb. 对某人有益

② beneficial adj.有利的,有用的

单句语法填空

8-1 The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged (参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源).

解析 考查介词。句意:从大学获益最多的学生是那些完全参与到学术生活,充分利用大学的机会和资源的人。从……中受益。

8-2 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us

beneficial (benefit)Vitamin D.

解析 考查词性转换。句意:虽然太阳光线会使我们的皮肤老化并受到伤害,但它们也能给我们补充有益的维生素D。此处修饰名词Vitamin D,在句中作定语,应用形容词形式。

8-3 Emily’s mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be

of benefit to Emily by “providing different feedback (反馈)about herself other than just

relying on schoolmates to measure her self-worth.”

解析 考查介词。句意:Emily的妈妈偶然发现了Big Brothers Big Sisters,认为除了只依靠同学来衡量自我价值外还提供对她自己的不同的反馈,这将对Emily有利。be of benefit

to sb.对某人有益。

结构 - 情景破

1. 无生命名词+see/经历/发生/见证/目睹……

Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.(教材P62) 盛夏,佳禾吐绿,将山染成一片青翠。

情景导学

The last ten years have witnessed great changes in our city. 我们的城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大的变化。

The lonely street found him wandering alone in the evening. 傍晚时分他在寂寥的大街上独

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for sb.’s benefit 帮助某人;为某人的利益

be beneficial to ...对……有益的

自徘徊。

归纳拓展

有些动词,如see、find、witness等,可以用表示 地点 或 时间 的名词作主语,表示“某地或某时经历、发生、见证、目睹了……”。

1-1 周四我们要前往巴黎进行短途旅行,在那里我们将参观巴黎迪士尼乐园,逗留到很晚,观看游行和烟花。

Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris

where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the

fireworks.

1-2 历史见证了莎士比亚戏剧在世界各主要语言中上演过无数次。

History has witnessed the endless productions of

Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.

2. while的用法

And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass,

some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world

around them.(教材P68) 虽然许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于用周日来锄草,但也有的人只要能坐在树枝下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。

情景导学

Waving one’s hand is to say “Goodbye”.Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it

means disagreement. 挥手是在说再见,点头表示同意,而摇头表示不同意。

While the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.虽然互联网很有帮助,但我认为在互联网上花太多时间不是个好主意。

I learnt a lot of French while I was in Paris. 我在巴黎的时候学了很多法语。

归纳拓展

①while作并列连词表示转折,强调前后分句的对比关系,意为“ 然而 ”。

②while引导让步状语从句,意为“ 虽然,尽管 ”,可以与although或though互换,此时while位于句首。

③while引导时间状语从句,意为“ 当……时候 ”,此时while相当于during the time

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,从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词或状态动词,不可用短暂性动词。

写出下列句中while的汉语意思

2-1 While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the

Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.( 尽管,虽然 )

2-2 Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others have to share vehicles with parents

who work six days a week.( 然而 )

2-3 Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work

done.( 当……时候 )

完成句子

2-4 李推荐传统中国服饰,而苏更喜欢校服。

Li recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su prefers the school uniform .

2-5 虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说它比走路、骑自行车或游泳对延长寿命更有效。

While running regularly can’t make you live forever , the

review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.

语法 - 精讲破

一、“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词

【观察】

He is the person to whom you should make a request.他就是那个你应该向其提出请求的人。

The university in which my brother once studied is very famous. 我哥哥曾经就读的那所大学很有名气。

【归纳】 “介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词可用 ①whom 或 ②which ,不可用that。

二、“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定

1.一先

【观察】

This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with

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the camera 用照相机)

【归纳】 看 ③先行 词。介词往往和 ④先行 词构成固定搭配。(比如时间

常和on、in搭配;地点常用on、in、at;原因用for;方式用in、by、with等)

2.二动

【观察】

He is a person of whom everyone has heard. 他是一个每个人都听说过的人。(hear of 听说)

Yesterday we visited West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。(be famous for 因……而出名)

【归纳】 根据从句中的 ⑤动词或形容词 的搭配习惯确定介词。

3.三意义

【观察】

He was educated at the local high school,after which he went on to Peking University. 他在当地的高中接受教育,之后他继续上了北京大学。

【归纳】 通过判断所表达的 ⑥意思 来确定合适的介词。

三、“介词+关系代词”的拓展

1.复合介词+关系代词

【观察】

He was badly hurt in the accident,because of which he didn’t go to work. 他在事故中严重受伤,因为这个原因他没去上班。

They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a boy. 他们来到一座农舍,农舍前面坐着一个男孩。

【归纳】 用于该结构中的关系代词有 ⑦which 、whom和whose。常用的复合介词有 ⑧because of 、in front of、as a result of、at the back of等。

2.表部分或整体概念的“代词+of+关系代词”

【观察】

Here are the questions, some of which I think are too difficult for you. 就是这些问题,其中一些我认为对你来说太难。

【归纳】 表示部分或整体概念的代词有 ⑨both 、 ⑩all 、 neither、 none、 either、

some、 any、 most、 few、 half等。

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单句语法填空

1. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with

whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).

解析 句意: 他喜欢他可以坐着安静地看着自己的手机,或者如果他想有一点交流,就会和他直呼其名的酒吧老板闲谈。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为barkeeper,关系词作介词with的宾语,指代人,故用whom。

2. Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions

to chase their dreams.

解析 句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想,他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。先行词为Many young people,关系词在从句中作of的宾语并且指人,故使用关系代词whom。

3. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of

which has been proved.

解析 句意:关于人类为什么哭出眼泪,科学家已经提出了许多理论,但没有一项理论得到过证实。先行词为theories,关系词在从句中作of的宾语,并且指物,故使用关系代词which。

4. Creating an atmosphere in which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

解析 句意:创造一种使员工感到自己是团队的一部分的氛围是一个很大的挑战。该定语从句的先行词是atmosphere,表示“在这种氛围中”应该用in the atmosphere,故用介词in。

5. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.

解析 句意:他写了很多儿童书籍,其中差不多一半书籍出版于20世纪90年代。先行词为children’s books,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语,故用which。

6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it

differently.

解析 句意:英语是一种由几种不同的文化共用的语言,每一种文化都以不同的方式使用它。先行词为cultures,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语并指物,故用which。

7. The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.

解析 句意:孩子们都筋疲力尽了,他们玩了一整天。该定语从句的先行词为children,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语并指人,故用whom。

8. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.

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解析 句意:约翰邀请了大约40人去他的婚礼,其中大多数是他的家人。先行词为people,关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语并指人,故用关系代词whom。

9. He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.

解析 句意:他可能会赢得比赛,这样的话他就有可能进入国家队了。此处用which代指上文提到的情况,即He may win the competition。

10. Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should

be considered.

解析 句意:对心灵的关爱是一个渐进的过程,在这个过程中, 即使是生活中的小细节都应该被考虑在内。先行词为process,in 在定语从句中作状语,故用which。in which相当于in the process。

11. Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series.

解析 句意:玛丽亚已经写了两部小说,它们都被拍摄成电视连续剧了。分析句子结构可知novels是定语从句的先行词,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语并指物,故用which。

12. In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.

解析 句意:我们班有46名学生,其中一半都戴眼镜。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构。先行词为students, 故用whom。

13. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which had taken

more than three years.

解析 句意:她带领参观者参观了博物馆。建造这个博物馆花费了三年多的时间。先行词为museum,故介词of后的关系代词用which。

14. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village

homes for a better life in the city.

解析 先行词为people,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语,故用whom。

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