全新版大学英语综合教程4(第二版)课后全答案

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Unit 1Part II Reading taskComprehensionPossible answers to content questions

1. It refers to the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. 2. He expected the conquest of Russia

in five weeks. 3. Instead of fighting, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and

homes as they went. They let the Russian winter fight the war for them while they bided

their time. 4. Napoleon discovered that the occupation of the city was an empty victory

because the Russians fled their capital leaving him almost nothing at all. 5. They suffered

heavy losses as a result of the extreme cold and the Russians' hit-and-run attacks. 6.

Napoleon abdicated and went into exile. 7. Hitler began his invasion of the Soviet Union

on June 22, 1941 without a declaration of war. He expected the campaign to last no longer

than three months by using the so-called "lightning war" tactics. 8. No, he wasn't. He

instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. 9. The

people of Leningrad refused to surrender and put up a heroic, stiff resistance. 10. An early,

severe, cold winter, to a large extent, slowed down the German advance on Moscow. 11.

The loss of the battle for Stalingrad turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories

were over. 12. The author concludes that the elements of nature must be reckoned with in

any military campaign.

Text Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction —Both

Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian

Two Paras 3 -11 Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart Three

Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Four Para 21

Conclusion —The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military

ns Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12 -13 Hitler's blitzkrieg

against Russia and Stalin's scorched-earth n Two Paras 14 -18 The battles

fought at Leningrad, Moscow and n Three Paras 19-20 The Russian

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counter-offensive and the outcome of the war.

Language Sense Enhancement1.

1) the fierce resistance 2) the long march3) the devastating enemy 4) bleak5) launched 6)

military might7) mowed down 8) campaign9) a painful lesson 10) the aid

VocabularyI.1.1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7)

declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of

2.1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on/pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6)

dine out7) have cut back 8) get through

3.1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near

future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of

raw materials due to the dock workers' strike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her

leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's

question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic

calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date/obsolete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy

forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to

the rural and mountainous regions to build up our base.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient

operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength.

In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an

organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive

victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War.

During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened

the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.

II.1 During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of

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the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium .2

Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off.3 I

spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all

my words.4 Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile

body could withstand the harsh weather.

III.1 fall ill2 lay dead at home for two weeks3 dropped dead from a heart attack4 fell

asleep.5 marrying young6 to sit still for longer than a few minutes

Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1．1) invasion 2) stand in the way3) Conquest 4)

catching (Stalin) off his guard5) launching 6) declaration7) campaign 8) drag on9) reckon

with 10) bringing (the German advance) to a halt

2．1) allow 2) reckoned 3) highly 4) forecasts 5) rapidly6) instant 7) delivery 8) advantage

9) observing 10) powerful

II. Translation1.1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn

harvest in on the farm.2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with

the most sophisticated weapons.3) Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3

months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive,

efficient, and accurate in his judgement.5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the

source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the

cost of 100 jobs.2. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained

much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of

the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross

marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our

battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely

cold weather which made the marchland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before

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dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The

enemy, caught off guard, soon III Home Reading TaskComprehension

Check1. d 2. d3. b 4. a5. b 6. d

Translation1. 6月5日被选定为进攻开始日，其用意是留下一个安全系数，以防万一进攻需要推迟。2. 然而，当年春夏之交大风暴异乎寻常地多，希望在这个时候天气会出现一个适合进攻的风平浪静的间隙，可能性微乎其微。3. 要是在原定地区登陆的话，德军海岸炮无疑会拼命抵抗并给盟军造成惨重伤亡。在新登陆区的登陆几乎没有遭到任何抵抗。4. 尽管困难重重，艾森豪威尔在与恶劣天气的赌博中赢得了胜利。Language Practice1.1) d 2) h

3) b 4) a 5) f 6) e 7) c 8) g

2. 1) boast 2) obstacles 3) was concerned 4) call (it) off 5) paid off 6) was pinned down 7)

contesting 8) prior to 9) hold out 10) objective 11) responsible for 12) in case

Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice

Model paperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over

nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight

against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances

in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing

new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear , nature has often

hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of disease that are

resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of

global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a

hazard for generations to r, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is

the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than

forever fighting against it.(154 words)

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Unit 2Part I Listening TaskScript for the recording: We're going to see more and more

automation as time goes on. Making a car that goes more than 100 km/h isn't a huge

engineering problem — but human drivers can't respond fast enough to make those

speeds safe. Personally, I'm all in favor of letting the car drive itself. I'd much rather trust

my life to the efforts of engineers and programmers than the angry, sleepy, distracted,

incompetent, drunken people who are behind a lot of wheels now. It's often been said that

anyone could have predicted the automobile, but only a science-fiction writer could have

predicted the traffic jam. Well, here I am predicting the end of traffic jams:

computer-controlled cars won't get in each other's way, and they won't slow down as their

drivers gaze at accidents — in part because there will be many fewer accidents, and in

part because the passengers in the car will be able to get a decent look without the car

going at a slower speed. There really are a lot of pluses to the self-driving car: you can

sleep, drink, read, watch TV, do work — whatever you want — while getting safely and

efficiently to your destination. For my money, we can't make the transition soon enough.

"Road rage" will be a thing of the past; there's no reason driving should be frustrating, or

why car accidents should be the leading cause of death of men under the age of 25. Still,

there will be a desire to get out on the open highway and just drive — people do enjoy that,

and it won't entirely disappear. But in the future when we talk about hybrid cars we'll mean

cars that can be both self-driven and controlled by a driver; the terms "manual" and

"automatic" won't refer to transmissions but the totality of operating the vehicle. So, yeah,

you can get out on the highway when the mood strikes you — but most of the other

vehicles will still be driving Listening1. the efforts of engineers and

programmers2. traffic jams3. the leading cause of death4. a hybridPart II Reading

taskComprehensionPossible answers to content questions1. The automobile industry

ranked as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.2.

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Cars and roads will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.3. Because it is sensors

that will enable vehicles and roads to be able to see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act.4.

Sensors can sense if a driver is drunk and refuse to start up the engine.5. The radars

hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. If you make a serious driving mistake the

computer will sound an immediate warning.6. If the driver's eyelids close for a certain

length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could

alert the driver.7. GPS makes it possible for smart cars to determine their location on the

earth to within about a hundred feet.8. With the price of microchips dropping so drastically,

future applications of GPS are virtually limitless.9. It is expected to put smart cars on

smart highways.10. They are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the

"automated driver".11. They have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well

be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. By 2020, telematics

could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States.12. Smart

highways could be an environmental boon, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing

air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.

Text Organization1.

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-3 New technology will have a dramatic

impact on cars and highways in the 21st century. Part Two Paras 4–9 With the aid of

advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic

accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic Three Paras

10 – 13 GPS and "telematics" will make it possible to build smart highways, which will

benefit us in a number of ways.2. 1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act. 2)

They can eliminate most of car accidents; 3) They can alert the police and provide precise

location of your car if stolen; 4) They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions

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nearby; 5) They can alert the driver who feels drowsy; 6) They can locate your car

precisely and warn of traffic jams.

Language Sense Enhancement1.1) cure 2) impact3) orbiting satellites 4) warn of5)

location 6) At any given time7) vibrate 8) detected9) calculate 10) converted

VocabularyI1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite

7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately

2.1) send out 2) stand up for3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went

through7) fill out 8) fall into3.1) The new car design incorporates all the latest safety

features2) To suspend our hammock, we need to find two trees ten feet apart.3) Jason

faces up to 10 years in prison for offering bribery money to the US navy official

responsible for awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) Manufacturers

usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to

make the cars.5) Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated in

all racial groups.

4. 1) In the 1980s the notion that a car would drive itself was science fiction; today with the

application of telematics and remote control, it almost has turned into a reality. Presently

lots of the world’s leading automobile companies are poised to launch new smart cars. 2)

Sounds are produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect.

This rate is called frequency and is measured in hertz, or vibrations per second. 3)

Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes

and other significant places on the road. What's more, automated vehicle-control

technologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices

are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an impending hazard or, in an

emergency, override the actions of the driver.

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II. Word FormationClipped words Blendskilo kilogram Medicare medical carememo

memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib

liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian

Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile

telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and Cambridge

III. Usage1. swimming pool 2. drawing board3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing

change5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods7. working population 8. puzzling

differences

Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1 ) computerized 2) start up3) be poised to 4) alert5)

hazards 6) monotonous7) take control of 8) steer9) lane 10) decrease11) calculate 12)

eliminate13) getting stuck in 14) mounted15) detect 16) vapor

2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities6) overall 7)

manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities

II. Translation1.1〕There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of

artillery in the distance.2〕 The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has

been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.3〕The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with

global temperatures.4〕The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12

minute recently.5〕The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the

signal from the coach.

2. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever

the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought

hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer

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technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible

to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car

can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor

road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly

reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.

Part III Home Reading TaskComprehension Check

1. a 2. c3. c 4. d5. b 6. bTranslation1. 这类系统易受气候变化的影响，提供的数据不够精确，但它们不需要特别的道路设施，只需要将车道标志维护好就行了。2. 然而，不用多久，其成本就能为广大车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向市场，开始了批量生产。3. 电子驾驶应用的最大障碍可能在于一种普遍的观念，认为这一技术的应用比实际情况更困难，更昂贵。4. 考虑到所有这些运用安全自动化交通运输系统的经验，开发由自动控制系统操纵的公路车辆算不上什么大的飞跃。

Language Practice1 1) c 2) a 3) e 4) b 5) f 6) g 7) d 8) h2 1) en route 2) matures 3)

equivalent 4) feasible 5) in cooperation with 6) exposure 7) At the start of 8) thereby 9)

implemented 10) realistic 11) component 12) by means of

Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice

Sample Résumé

Hong QinRm. 316, New College DormitoryXuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan

RoadNanjing, Jiangsu 210009Tel: (025) 89709399Email:

Employment ObjectiveReporter position with a major newspaper or magazine

EducationBachelor of Arts in Journalism, Xuanwu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, July 2010?

Graduated Magna Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scale? Proficient with MS Office,

Lotus Notes, Windows XP and the Internet? Courses taken included: Reporting Public

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Affairs Feature Writing Computer Assisted Reporting Theories of Mass Communication

Writing for Mass Communication Advertising and Public Relations World Press Systems

Advanced Newspaper Design

Employment ExperienceReporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post, 101 South

Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210005, June 2009 to August 2009? Researched

information for stories for the Transportation and Tourism columns? Interviewed

contributors both over the phone and in person? Met every daily deadline successfully,

with 100% completion of all assigned reports by specified deadlinesAssistant

Editor/Reporter with Jinling Evening News, 53 Jiefang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016,

July, 2008 — present? Responsible for reporting student activities at Xuanwu University?

Developed fortnightly stories without missing a single deadline

AwardsSecond Place in the News Writing Competition for Students of Journalism in

Nanjing, 2009 Xuanwu Award for Excellence in Journalism, 2008

Professional InterestsMember of the Journalists’ Association of Jiangsu ProvinceVice

chairman of the Student Union at Xuanwu UniversityProficient in both Chinese and

English

Personal Data Date of Birth: June 27, 1987 Place of Birth: Jinan, Shandong Province,

China Nationality: Chinese Sex: Male Health: Excellent Hobbies: Photography, music,

chess

References and writing samples available upon request.

Unit 3

Part I Listening Task

Script for the recording:

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As you battle the competitive job market, your résumé is going to be the key weapon you

use to get hired. For better or for worse, this is your calling card to the recruiting directors

of the business is one key piece of advice that seems to get lost on most

people, one of the most important things you can do when applying for a job. And it is this:

Target your résumé.People, we work in advertising. What do you think your résumé is? It’s

just an ad for you. Just like a good ad targets its consumer, a good résumé hits the target

right between the eyes and says, “You have to hire me.” In this case, the consumer is the

recruiting director at the company where you’d like to work. Never forget ’s what

I mean: Recruiting directors are a practical lot. They want to find the “easiest” possible

person to hire. That is, someone who fits their job description the job

description says they are looking for an account director with, at least, 5 years of

experience and a background in package goods, that’s exactly who they want to hire.

Now, that doesn’t mean they won’t consider anyone else, but where do you think they are

going to start?If you have more than five or so years of experience, you can start your

résumé with a summary. A summary captures about four or five bullet points that show why

you’re a perfect match for the job. In our example above, that first bullet point would say

something like:Account director with more than 5 years of experience leading diverse

agency teams as large as 18 on package-goods accounts including Unilever and

they pick up that résumé, you want them to nod and think, “This person is

perfect for the job.”After Listening1. calling card 2. target one’s résumé 3. job description4.

summaryPart II Reading TaskComprehensionPossible answers to content questions:1.

He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill

prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5.

They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to

work on his weakness -- backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else

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does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a

difference.10. He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the

worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time

in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the

first person to take off from there.12. Carlson was excited about being first, which is

exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.

Text Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared

college graduate failed his interview. Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being

a successful interviewee. Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you

do.2. Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2)

a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself, 3) the four-minute mile, the New York

Marathon and the even when no one else does. Vietnam veteran.4) Find a way to make a

difference. 4) a New York cabdriver.

Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview(3) grill (4) clippings(5) be

right for (6) follow up(7) indicating 〔8〕hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospective

Language FocusI.1.1) rude 2) physically3) structure 4) made a difference5) blurted (out) 6)

chuckling7) measurable 8) prospective9) preparations 10) sparkled11) took a crack at 12)

partner

2.1) go after 2) look back at/on3) be put up 4) stood for5) build in 6) follow up7) be hooked

up to 8) closed up

3.1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night2) Before the

appearance of her Fairy Godmother, it was beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she

could one day dance in the King’s palace3) The translation of the popular novel has just

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been finished and a Chinese version will be in readers’ hands soon4) As with anything

else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.5) Jim's car broke

down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.

4.1〕The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants,

as well as the two veteran landscapers recommended by the staff committee this

afternoon, to pick out the prospective designer for the construction of the city square.2〕From his standpoint, the project manager has made every endeavor to go after the best

engineer for the work of cleaning up the river before the deadline set by the mayor.3) Life

is short, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack at

everything they think is interesting, but the problem is they barely have the time or energy

for such endeavors.

II. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave 2. used to avoid repetition3. clean 4. get

along5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete7. study 8. be enough9. be acceptable

III. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’ll talk

about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the

way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily

understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an

advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the

way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got

the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back

from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.

Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework

(4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond(9) take a crack (10)

from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry(3)

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relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10)

exhibit

II. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing,

the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by

the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic

surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together,

we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so

many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely

enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new

school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.

2. Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant

to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one

has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a

friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large

computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision

makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those

who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible

don’t have much of a chance of success.

Part III Home Reading TaskComprehension Check1. b 2. c3. a 4. a5. a 6. bTranslation1.

父母亲都觉得我不会被录用。“你要有后台才行。那可是一家美国机构，洛克菲勒基金会。你一定要有后台。”2. 当然，不工作就没饭吃，除非嫁人，那叫做“终于有了归宿。”3. 她留着新式的发型，是我所喜欢的那种满头卷发竖立着的式样，穿着下摆印有花纹的裙子。由于她怀孕已快足月，所以她向我走过来时似乎是她的肚子最先到达我的面前。4. 我跟哈内德先生说了，你刚才是因害羞不安而没法做记录的。他挺不错的，只要慢慢习惯起来就行了。

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Language Practice1.1) g 2) f 3) a 4) e5) h 6) b 7) c 8) d2.1) intricate 2) came at3)

administration 4) benign5) get in 6) scraps7) brand 8) carved9) coiled 10) quivered11)

take on 12) put in a (good) word

Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice

Model Application Letter

Rm. 316, New College DormitoryXuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan RoadNanjing,

Jiangsu, 210008Tel: (025) 9709399Email: August 25, 2010

Dr. Guoliang LiDirector of the Human Resources OfficeShanghai Star20F, Huaihai

Building200 Huaihai Road (Middle)Shanghai 200021

Dear Dr. Li,

In searching for employment opportunities on the Internet, I learned of a job vacancy in

the Public Affairs Reporting Section of your newspaper. I believe that my qualifications

match the requirements you have listed for the a journalism major at Xuanwu

University in Nanjing, my academic training has enabled me to develop my writing and

editing skills, particularly in the reporting of public affairs. At college, English, Reporting

Public Affairs, Advertising and Public Relations have been my favorite subjects. I would

like to utilize my interests and training to the fullest through working on a newspaper as

well-known as your résumé reflects my experience as a journalistic intern with two

newspapers in Nanjing. While working there I did both research work and reporting. I

greatly enjoyed work as a professional reporter and the challenge of writing to deadlines,

all of which I successfully met.I have won several awards for my journalistic work and was

admitted to the Journalists' Association of Jiangsu Province last year. I was the vice

chairman of the Students' Union in my university for two years. The enclosed résumé

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provides further information about my experience and background.I wonder if it would be

possible for us to meet one of these days so that you could learn more about me and I

could find out more about the specifics of the job. Please call me anytime on (025)

9709399 Monday through Friday. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,Hong QinHong Qin

Unit 4Part I Listening TaskScript for the recording:

Globalization is the latest proof of the virtues of free trade first advocated in 1817 by the

British economist David Ricardo. According to him, trade is always beneficial because it

encourages nations to specialize in the products at which they are best and import those

they are less good at. So if a developed country like the U.S. is much better at making

computers than a developing country like China but only a little better at making sweat

shirts, the U.S. should concentrate on making computers, and American colleges should

source their logoed goods in Guangdong province. Both the U.S. and China would

r, Nobel prize winner Paul Samuelson, a professor emeritus at M.I.T.,

argues that if the poor country suddenly learns how to make more efficiently the goods in

which the rich country specializes—say, if China becomes brilliant at making

computers—then the rich country will no longer benefit from free trade. In fact, wages in

the rich country will ization's defenders reply by saying, Relax: it will never

happen. First, it is unrealistic to assume that China or India will suddenly excel in high-end,

high-technology innovation. For the past few months, there have been reports of

skilled-labor shortages in the most economically advanced areas of China. Second, free

traders argue that even if China and India become advanced economies almost overnight,

they will look just like Germany and Japan. And nobody argues that trade between rich

economies doesn't benefit everyone.

. .

.

After Listening1. (the virtues of) free trade2. make the products at which they are best and

import those they are less good at3. no longer benefit from it4. high-end, high-technology

II Reading TaskComprehensionPossible answers to content questions:

1. Because he feels he is completely international.2. What he means is that if one has a

network of friends and enjoy what one is doing, one can function well anywhere in the

world.3. It refers to a member of the international business élite who treks each year to the

Swiss Alpine town of Davos for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum.4. The

issues include everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of

oil and the implications of nanotechnology.5. They all believe that globalization, the

unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both

welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected

marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy,

produce and sell their goods and services.6. He describes Davos Man as an emerging

global superspecies and a threat.7. Yes, global trade has been around for centuries. In the

past, the corporations and countries that benefited from global trade were largely content

to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished

products.8. It predicted that four economies — Russia, Brazil, India and China — will

become a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected, based on

projections of demographic and economic growth, with China potentially overtaking

Germany this decade. By 2050, these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the

U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the world.9. It refers to low-paid migrant

workers from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the

world.10. Unlike Davos Man, Manila Woman is strongly patriotic.11. Because he thinks

that there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let alone the

. .

.

world.12. Davos Man needs to figure out how to strike a balance on a global scale

between being international and being national at the same time.

Text Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-3 Introduction to

Davos Man and the World Economic ForumPart Two Paras 4-5 Debate over the impact of

globalization on current society and culturePart Three Paras 6-8 History of globalization

and its recent trends and future prospectsPart Four Paras 9-11 Globalization versus

nationalism and the challenges it faces

2.1) Davos Man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.2) Davos Man

sees their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth.3) Davos Man

believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across

national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.4) Davos Man sees the world

increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the

most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.

Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) identity (2) birth(3) incidentally (4) annual(5)

networking (6) implications(7) considerable (8) unimpeded(9) interconnected (10)

advantageous

Language FocusI.1.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing, vanishing 4) landmark5)

entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic, strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11)

divorced 12) pendulums

2.1) come to 2) dozed off 3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in 7) clean up 8)

turn away

3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2) Toyota

has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3) Shortly after their

. .

.

marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.4) Henry has been

at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5) She doesn’t even know how to boil

potatoes, let alone cook a meal.

4.1) China is increasingly popular with foreign companies that have decided to accelerate

their own growth by increasing their investment in the Asian Pacific region.2) To ensure a

steady growth in our national economy, we must make an earnest effort to stimulate our

domestic demand and strike a balance between saving and consumption.3) It is beyond

any doubt that green buildings designed now by only a handful of environment-conscious

architects will be endorsed by more and more people and they will be put up on a large

scale in the not too distant future.

II. Word Formation

Abbreviation Full Term Chinese MeaningWTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值ATM automated teller machine 自动出纳机VAT value-added tax 增值税CAD computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计IT information

technology 信息技术IDD international direct dialing 国际直拨 MTV music television

音乐电视Radar radio detecting and ranging 雷达IOC International Olympic Committee

国际奥委会VIP very important person 贵宾, 大人物Laser light amplification by stimulated

emission of radiation 激光CPU central processing unit 中央处理器

III. Usage1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2)

The reason (he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3)

Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4) Cloning had been raised

as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought

was simply not going to happen anytime soon.

. .

.

Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. 1) academics 2) networking 3) a variety of 4) growth

5) vanish 6) facilitate 7) endorsing 8) outlook 9) sweeping aside 10) patriotic 11) erasing

12) strike a balance

2.1) aided 2) effects3) distances 4) connected5) invested 6) features7) prevailing 8)

qualitatively9) volume 10) Distinguishing

III. Translation1.1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has

moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.2) I like hiring young people. They are

earnest learners and committed to work.3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on

their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.4) Why is it that a considerable

number of colleagues are at odds with you?5) The Chinese government has introduced a

variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.

ization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are

moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for a job. And for those young people who

aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become

increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese

students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the

long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links

between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and

copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let

alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese

culture might one day vanish.

Part III Home Reading TaskComprehension Check1. c 2. a3. b 4. b5. c 6. d

Translation1. 如果9/11有什么引人注目的地方，那就是恐怖主义者们来自世界上全球化程. .

.

度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地方：沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。2. “全球化疲劳在欧美仍很显著，而在中国和印度这样的地方，你会发现人们急切地想参与到经济扩X进程中来，” 印度国大党的首席经济顾问杰伦? 兰密施说。3. 印度大多数人是不是还生活在贫穷的乡村？确实如此。我们是不是需要强迫富裕的西方国家进一步开放市场，好让贫穷国家销售它们最擅长的东西：食品和纺织品，以使全球化更公平呢？当然需要。4. 一，全球化有优点也有缺点，但如果参与全球化的国家有恰当的制度和管理，它们就能从中获得最大的好处，并且能缓和最不利的方面造成的影响。

Language Practice1.1) d 2) f3) e 4) a5) b 6) g7) h 8) c

2.1) globalizing 2) software 3) stable4) subsidies 5) A majority of 6) in evidence7) add to 8)

so be it 9) blew up10) take advantage of 11) phase out 12) You betPart IV Comprehensive

Language PracticeModel paper Is Globalization Welcome?Is globalization welcome? Yes,

it is. Indeed, there is much to be said for begin with, globalization provides us with a

wide range of products. Nowadays you eat McDonald’s and drink Coca-cola; you use a

Sony digital camera and wear Puma; you talk over a Nokia mobile phone and drive to

work in a rmore, globalization enables corporations to search for the most

advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services. Take the car for

example. A certain brand of car may be designed in Germany, a country known for its

automobile industry. The cars are then manufactured in China where relevant raw

materials and labor are comparatively inexpensive. Finally they are sold in some Asian

and Latin American countries where they are in great demand. Evidently the way things

are done can benefit greatly companies and countries , globalization

helps build a more harmonious world. With the world becoming much smaller and people

much closer, there must be more and more social and cultural exchanges. As a result,

deeper understanding between nations is promoted and consultation prevails over

. .

.

globalization cause problems, then? Yes, it does. However, so long as

countries try to globalize in a cautious and judicious manner, many of them can be solved.

(212 words)

Unit 5Part I Listening TaskScript for the recording:

Mr. Swiller was known far and wide as a hard-nosed boss who watched his employees

like a hawk. One day, he was making one of his regular tours of the factory when he

spotted a young man leaning against a pile of boxes just outside the foreman’s office.

Since George, the foreman, wasn’t around, Swiller stood off to the side and watched to

see just how long the young man would stand around doing young man

yawned, scratched his head, looked at his watch, and sat on the floor for a while. Then he

stood up, stretched, yawned again, and leaned back on the pile of r stepped

from his hiding place, and walked up to the young man. “ You!” he shouted. “How much

do you make a week?”The young man looked up indifferently. “Two hundred and fifty

dollars,” he r dashed into the cashier’s office, took $250 from the cash box, and

returned. “Take it,” he said, “ and get out! Don’t let me see you around here again!”The

young man took the cash, put it into his pocket, and Swiller found George, he

was red with anger. “What’s the matter with you, letting that guy idle around in front of

your office? I just gave him a week’s pay and fired him.“You mean the kid in the red

shirt?” George asked.“ Yes! The kid in the red shirt!”“He was waiting for twenty dollars we

owe him for lunch,” George said. “He works for the coffee shop around the corner.”After

Listening1. one of his factory workers/employees2. fire; a week’s pay3. he let the young

man idle around in front of his office4. a coffee shop boy/ the one who works for the coffee

shop around the cornerPart II Reading TaskText AComprehensionPossible answers to

content questions:1. No, he doesn't. Because his personal experience tells him this is

. .

.

wrong.2. He was a merchant and had been in business in Japan for many years. He was

a tiny little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height, and very slender, with white

hair, a red face much wrinkled, and blue eyes.3. Edward Burton had done something the

narrator could never have believed he would, unless he had heard the story from his own

lips. Both in appearance and manner he suggested the type of character you would not

associate with such an action.4. Lenny Burton was a bridge player. Edward Burton used

to play bridge with him.5. In his eyes, Lenny was not a bad chap, and he liked him.6. He

got, from time to time, a bit of money from his family in London and made a bit more by

card-playing.7. He called at his namesake's office to ask for a job.8. Edward refused his

request and humiliated him.9. The response showed that he was a cruel man because he

even made fun of Lenny who was down and out instead of giving him help.10. Edward

asked Lenny to swim from the Shioya Club round the beacon and land at the creek of

Tarumi. It was over three miles and rather difficult.11. Because he knew that he was not in

good condition and might not make it.12. Yes. Because Edward said that he hadn't got a

vacancy in his office when he set the condition.

Text Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Para 1 It is no easy job to judge

people, for they aren't always what they appear to Two Paras 2- 3 Kind and gentle,

Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a

Three Paras 4 - 51 As it turned out, Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend to

certain ns Paragraphs Mainly aboutSection One Paras 4 -16 What Edward

knew about LennySection Two Paras 17 - 31 How Edward responded to Lenny's

requestSection Three Paras 32 - 51 How Edward, a "kind" gentleman, handled a friendin

desperate need of help

Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) struck (2) mild(3) gentle (4) raise it(5) benign (6) with

. .

.

point(7) something of (8) made every penny(9) small and frail (10) not bear to hurt a fly

VocabularyI.1.1) In a way 2) in accordance with 3) vacancy 4) in good condition5)

transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12)

current

2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4) go about5) driving at 6) put (them) away 7)

turning (things) over 8) took (him so much) aback3.1) She has a very weak constitution

—she may not be able to survive the operation.2) I was taken aback by the insurance

company's rejection of my compensation claim.3) It was something of a surprise when we

ran into each other in a place like that.4) My hair needs trimming/to be trimmed —it's

getting too long.5) Appearances are often deceptive.

4.1) Mr. Smith used to be a successful businessman in our community. Oddly enough he

went broke overnight some time ago. The other day when I saw him wandering on the

street, I was greatly shocked to find his hair all white and his face wrinkled. I was sad to

see that he had gone all to pieces.2) One thing is definite: Rena is vain. She is capable of

going to great lengths to satisfy her vanity.3) Mother has too mild a nature to get angry.

Even when Father yelled at her, she never yelled back. Most afternoons, she would sit

calmly at her table, reading a novel while sipping her tea. And when I was upset, she

would hold me tenderly and stroke my hair until I was calm ． Usage1. Except for

her lack of experience, she would be qualified for the job.2. Fred would tell me nothing

about what he was writing except that it was to be a Christmas play.3. Tom does

everything around the house except cook.4. The log cabin stayed empty except when we

came during the summer vacation.5. She would not speak to me except to answer my

questions.6. I knew nothing about Judith except what I'd heard at second hand.7. I have

every confidence in your wisdom except where this sort of thing is concerned.8. The

. .

.

house was just as I left it except that everything was covered with dust.

III. British and American English Vocabulary SpellingAmE BrE AmE BrEapartment flat

favorable favourablecan tin paralyze paralysecandy sweets labor labourelevator lift meter

metrefaculty staff (of a university) catalog cataloguefirst floor ground floor leveling

levellinggas, gasoline petrol theater theatremail post defense defencerailroad railway plow

ploughpants trousers program programmesubway tube, underground practice (v.)

practisecorn maize characterize characterisestore shop tire tyre (on a car)

Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) insane (2) current (3) candid(4) capable (5) was

taken aback (6) in good condition(7) constitution (8) go all to pieces (9) gone broke(10)

vacancy (11) mild (12) deceptive

2.1) suspected 2) pleading3) confirmed 4) stunned5) lucrative 6) jewellery7) wealthy 8)

urge9) spell 10) arrested

II. Translation1.1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he

is something of an adventurer.2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is

exposed to noises.3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto

in force.4) Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only

a few turned up.5) The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments,

changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.

my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you

might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde

appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and

mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He

insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an

. .

.

insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to

Lenny's death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.

Part III Home Reading TaskText BComprehension Check1. d 2. b 3. b 4. d 5. d 6. a

Translation1. 显然，如果他结了婚的话，他妻子因他改不掉恶习，真会把他一脚踹到马路边上去。2. 如今回想起来，我感觉到好像那天命运着意要给我上一课。而且它真地好好给我上了一课。3. 当我试图想着要站起来时，听见从紧挨我的上方传来了一个熟悉的、粗哑的声音。4. 看见他眼中和蔼的、怜悯的神情，我泪水盈眶。

Language Practice1.1) h 2) a 3) g 4) c 5) f 6) b 7) d 8) e2.1) was overwhelmed with 2) by

far 3) dumping 4) guilt5) thinking up 6) conjure up 7) assumption 8) keep…under control9)

welled up 10) literally 11) at one time or another 12) teach you a lesson

Part IV Comprehensive Language PracticeA model completed remittance application

Unit 6Part I Listening TaskScript for the recording:

I believe in leaving work at five o'clock. In a nation that operates on a staunch Protestant

work ethic, this belief could be considered radical. Working only 40 hours a week? I just

don't know many people who punch out at five o'clock father tried to teach

me the importance of hard work, long hours and dedication to a career. But then there are

the things he taught me unintentionally, like when he arrived home from work for the last

time and crawled up the father, a self-employed sales trainer, was that sick, that

tired. Still, he insisted on traveling to honor his commitment to give a seminar. He probably

earned a lot of money that day, and he paid the price: He returned to the hospital soon

after and was dead within three months, at age 's been 10 years since I saw my father

come home that night, and since then, I've thought a lot about work. I've decided

something: I will never crawl up the stairs. As much as I love my job as a newspaper

. .

.

reporter, I will never work myself into the ground, literally or figuratively.

After listening1. people should leave work at five; radical2. was very sick and tired3.

Overwork4. loves; a newspaper reporter; work herself to death

Part II Reading TaskText AComprehensionPossible answers to content questions: 1. We

used to think that technology would make our lives easier. 2. Inventions such as the

motorcar and the aircraft have offered us unimaginable levels of personal mobility.

Washing machines have freed women from having to toil over the laundry. 3. According to

the author, aside from allowing work to spread into our leisure time, technology has also

added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. 4. A couple of

centuries ago, nearly all the world's accumulated learning could be contained in the heads

of a few philosophers. Today, those heads could not hope to accommodate more than a

tiny fraction of the information generated in a single day. 5. His purpose is to keep him up

with what is going on in his specialized field —entomology. 6. The confusion of endless

choice. 7. No. About half the population is suffering under the stresses and strains of life

today. 8. According to Paul Edwards, lots of people have a sense that if you're not

stressed, you're not succeeding. Therefore everyone wants to have a little bit of this stress

to show they're an important person. 9. The average American has gained five hours a

week in free time since the mid-1960s. The gains are unevenly distributed between the

sexes. 10. It is meant that there are more and more debates on how many years people

should work and whether long hours or shorter hours working policies should be adopted,

etc. 11. Here Godbey makes a comparison. The kid in the candy store is more often than

not attracted by a wide variety of good candies and doesn't know which to choose. This is

true of us, too. There are so many good things to do, but we don't have enough time to do

them all. 12. The author points out that a more successful remedy may lie in

. .

.

understanding the problem rather than evading it. We should have “fewer desires” and

“set boundaries for ourselves.”

Text Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1 -11 The author gives

three reasons why we feel so time-pressed Two Paras 12 -18 Not everyone is

time-stressed, and in the case of Americans they have actually gained more free time in

the past Three Paras 19 -23 The perception of time-famine has triggered a

variety of Four Paras 24 -28 The author pins down the crux (症结)of the

problem and puts forward a remedy for the stress we feel.

2.1) The motorcar brings more traffic problems than it promises to solve.2) The aircraft

creates a high demand for time-consuming journeys that we never dreamed of.3) The

washing machine, contrary to our expectations, multiplies the hours spent on washing and

ironing.4) Instead of making our lives easier, technology goes so far as to cram extra work

into our leisure time.5) Technology produces the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails

and voicemails.6) Technology eats further into our time by forcing us to handle software

glitches on computers and filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.

Language Sense Enhancement(1) understanding (2) Within the confines (3) reasonably

(4) by nature(5) limitless possibilities (6) our aim (7) fewer desires (8) play by

themselves(9) set boundaries (10) or

VocabularyI.1.1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution 5) prosperity6)

decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11)

pointed the way to 12) bewildered2.1) eat into 2) cling to 3) stand out/stood out 4) wears

away5) set about 6) switch off 7) will be turned loose 8) poured in

3.1) The unemployment rate is forecast to be below average next year, which at the

. .

.

moment is 4 percent.2) Efforts to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as

rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.3) The board was urged to divert some of

its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market

demand.4) Losing just one or two items of expensive clothing can really eat heavily into

your profits when you are selling suits at ?900 and dresses at ?2,000.5) She has toiled

endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in

shape.4.1) The recent public reaction to a murder case involving a tycoon killed in his

office shows growing discontent of ordinary people with the rich. The killing provoked little

outrage and few expressions of sympathy for the victim.

2) At the National Tax Convention, a number of speakers mentioned the difference

between avoiding tax and evading tax. As they explained, avoiding tax is the act of doing

everything possible within the confines of the Tax Law in order to reduce your tax burden.

And evading tax is the act of illegally paying less than (or not paying at all) the full amount

of tax required by law.

3) Has the ever-increasing pace of modern living gotten you down? Has the quest for

more money and more excitement become a burden in your life? Surveys show that today

a lot of Americans feel weary of being knocked backwards and sideways just because

they are always on the go/seem forever on the go. In their crazy search for fulfillment,

they've gotten themselves into situations in which they are not able to cope.

II. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress, stress 4) tension2. 1)

honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) Honorary

III. Usage1) Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may

ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species— be it an elephant or an orchid

—in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?2)

. .

.

This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly

screened — at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However,

experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same

way they try to fool polygraph (测谎器) readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs

to relax themselves.3) With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to

financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage.

But, believe it or not, it isn't money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your

philosophy of life that does.4) Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites

promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs

and other destructive devices.

Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) switch off (2) obliged (3) on the go (4) cope (5)

shortage(6) large quantity of (7) pouring in (8) by nature (9) fraction (10) futile2.1)

advantage 2) wisely3) faithfully 4) waking5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities9)

set 10) respect

II. Translation1.1) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to

find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.2)

Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram

knowledge into my head.3) The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps

us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.4) The appalling explosion

started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.5) In the modern world,

there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating

into our precious time.

we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to

possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working

. .

.

hard and earning well/good women today feel the same stress to work and

get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of

domestic ch shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our

immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of

our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among

family members is doomed to die in the III Home Reading TaskText

BComprehension Check1.c 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. d 6. c

Translation1. 瞬时性主宰着一切。人们发表政治演说时，民意调查人员在听众尚未完全形成看法前，就利用电子装置进行当场测定；快餐店增设了快速通道。2. 我们人类选择了速度，凭借着速度而繁荣兴旺——其情况超过我们普遍承认的程度。我们快节奏工作、娱乐的本领赋予我们力量。我们为此兴奋不已。3. 随着脑海中充斥着的这种多路并进状态而来的是一种幸福感。我们总是宁要狂热地工作也不要无聊乏味地生活。“人类从未，也永远不会选择放慢速度，” 历史学家斯蒂芬 ? 克恩说。4. 如果你抓紧干，你就很可能在技术驱动的世界上获得成功。社会学家也发现，富裕程度和教育程度的提高带来对时间的焦虑。我们总认为自己时间太少。

Language Practice1.1) c 2) f 3) e 4) h 5) g 6) a 7) d 8) b

2.1) browse 2) suspended 3) no wonder 4) under pressure5) run the risk of 6) opt 7)

parallel 8) confess9) on the wing 10) waterproof 11) thrilled 12) captioned

Part IV Comprehensive Language PracticeModel paper The Way to Slow Time DownTime

is peculiar. At first sight it would seem that one second must last as long as another, no

more, no less. Yet, in terms of our experience nothing could be further from the truth.

Often time seems to fly past; before we know it the end of the week has arrived again. Is

there any way to slow it down? There is a character in one of Joseph Heller’s novels who

tries to make his life seem longer by doing boring and repetitive things, in the belief that

. .

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this will make time go slower. Unfortunately, he was quite way to slow time

down is to do many new and interesting things. Repeat the same old pattern week after

week and time flies past. Take a break from routine, go on holiday to somewhere

completely new or take up a fresh task, and the days begin to pass more slowly. So, if you

want to feel as if time is not passing you by, break up your routine and do something new.

(174 words)

Unit 7 KeyPart I Listening TaskScript for the recording:

I was on the first floor of the Marriott World Trade Center when the first plane hit the North

Tower. First, I felt a jolt, like a small earthquake. Then there was a huge boom, and the

room shook. The hotel staff directed the guests out pretty we got to a safe

distance across the street, we gathered in groups and tried to figure out what had

happened. A stray commuter plane seemed like the most likely guess. All the while fire

was spreading. Then I heard some people scream and moan. I looked up and saw people

jumping out from the transfixed by this scene, I heard the roar of a large jet

plane. When this second plane hit the South Tower, the sickening truth became crystal

clear: This was not an accident. It was a deliberate ct told me to get away

from the buildings. So I kept walking. When I came close to Trinity Church, the Towers

collapsed. The choking dust and smoke were unbearable. The church people took us in. I

stayed there for two hours, until it was sufficiently clear outside for me to go out.I walked

by a warehouse, and saw young boys holding signs advising that they had bathrooms and

telephones available to all. People were doing what they could, even though they could

not do I passed hospitals, I saw long lines of people waiting to donate blood. But

I was disheartened to see medical personnel waiting at the emergency entrances with

nothing to do. It was then that the reality hit me: there were few survivors. You either got

. .

.

away or you were dead.I certainly feel blessed to have survived the attacks. While I’ll

always have the ugly memories of September 11, I will also remember many acts of

kindness that day, and I am determined to move on and do my part in meeting the

challenge our country faces.

After Listening1. people jumping out from the building2. were launching deliberate attacks

(on the World Trade Center)3. choking dust and smoke4. waiting to donate blood5. have

survived the attacks; do his part

Part II Reading TaskText AComprehensionPossible answers to content questions1. It is

the illusion that America is strong and invulnerable.2. They symbolized the power and the

invincibility of the USA.3. They felt angry and shocked.4. The 9/11 attacks and the

Japanese air attack on Pearl Harbor were both surprise attacks on a massive scale which

should be considered as acts of undeclared war.5. One could see wreckage and smoke

everywhere and cops and firemen digging through rubble in the hope of finding victims

alive.6. They started talking about revenge and preparation for war.7. They buried the

dead, cleared the wreckage, and planned for memorials. They smote the Taliban and sent

Osama Bin Laden into hiding.8. New Yorkers carried on, but with far less swagger and

joy.9. They marked the first anniversary of the 9/11 attacks with flowers and tears. They lit

candles, waved flags, and made speeches. Some stopped in their tracks at 8:46 to

register the moment of the first attack.10. It will build something new as a memorial to the

dead.11. Yes, probably. As poet Jean de La Fontaine wrote, “on the wings of time grief

flies away.”12. The pain, the grief, and the anger will probably fade away, but the memory

of the terror attacks will linger.

Text Organization1.

Parts Headings Main IdeasPart One Day of Terror The terror attacks threw the nation,

. .

.

particularly New York City, into utter horror and chaos; people were Two

The Day After With wreckage, smoke and fire around New York looked like a battlefield.

America was seeking revenge.

Part Three Looking Back in Pain & Hope Nearly one year after the event the wounded city

began healing up; yet New Yorkers remained haunted by what they had seen.

Part Four One Year Later On the first anniversary people gathered to mourn the dead. As

time passes grief might gradually die down, but the memory will go on.

2. One day we will think back on the morning of Sept. 11, 2001, and remember in crystal

detail what we were doing when the first plane crashed into the north tower at 8:45

we will be amazed that we didn't think it possible before.…………And the world

waited to see what America would do.…………Now the calendar commands us to revisit

Sept. 11. Now the calendar commands us to remember the dead. Now the calendar

commands us to pick at a scab that has just begun to the calendar does not say

how many more times the Earth has to revolve around the sun before it stops

hurting.…………It coated the red roses that children carried into The stung the eyes

and clung to the tears of the brokenhearted who came to say swirled like

dervishes across the vast emptiness where the World Trade Center once

stood.…………Some of the mourners divined in the dust the ghosts of those they lost, and

they opened their mouths and breathed it of the mourners saw in the dust visions

from that deadly day when the very ground was on fire and the powder and smoke caked

the living and the of the mourners who never got a body to bury gathered

handfuls of the brown dust and placed it in plastic bags to save and remember, to always

remember.…………We will not revisit Sept. 11 the same way again.…………Fewer

Americans will stop in their tracks at 8: and register the moment when the first

. .

.

hijacked plane crashed into the north candles will be lit. Fewer flags will be

waved. Fewer speeches will be made. Fewer songs will be sung. Fewer tears will be shed,

at least publicly.

Language Sense Enhancement(1) brought down (2) revolving(3) circle (4) wreckage(5)

memory (6) bury(7) perished (8) memorials(9) gaping wound (10) sliver

Language FocusI.1. 1) divined 2) nerves 3) solidarity 4) sacred; mourn 5) coated 6) perish

7) hijack 8) grief 9) farewell 10) take revenge on 11) revolves; revolves 12) denounced

2.1) drop (me) off 2) applied for 3) went off 4) are gaining on5) bring down 6) blotted out 7)

think back on 8) picking(nervously) at

3.1) Most economists agree that easy credit was the chief culprit that brought down the

American housing market in 2008.2) The laundry business has been very profitable in the

hands of Old Mark. But who knows what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3)

It is cold and windy outside. I am not in the mood to go out.4) He had sold his stocks long

before the market began to show signs of weakness.5) We feel grateful for the benefits of

modernization, but we also mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside.

4.1) Some survivors were found to have suffered psychiatric disorders in the aftermath of

the earthquake. Others were trying hard to blot out the memory of the tragic event.2) Two

armed gangsters broke into the building at dusk and held two women at gunpoint, while

their two accomplices kept watch at the gate. The situation was getting increasingly

explosive with each passing minute.3) Once the market went down suddenly, it would not

recover in the space of just a few months. As President, he knew this only too well and

was under no illusion about the difficulty of restoring confidence.

Usage1.1) a little of 2)a few; most of/many of 3) much 4) few 5) many6) many of 7) much

. .

.

of 8) little 9) few of 10) Some

2.1) As the boy grew older, picture books no longer satisfied his thirst for knowledge.2)

Born to a family of professional musicians, she sings as beautifully as a nightingale / sings

like a nightingale.3) One problem with these officials is that they don’t see themselves as

servants of the people.4) As she had left her key in the office, Lucy had to stay with her

neighbor for the night.5) Don’t ask why now. Just do as you are told. I will explain to you

later.6) Areas once regarded as rural are quickly disappearing into the growing city.7)

John often drinks tea with his meal, as they do in China.8) As he was brave and loyal as

well, Henry was soon promoted to General prehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.

Text-related(1) mood (2) tragic (3) in the (immediate) aftermath of (4) chaos(5) toppling (6)

solidarity (7) take revenge on (8) thinking back on(9) mourning (10) perished

2. Theme-related1) crashed 2) horrible 3) harsh 4) protect 5) remove6) utterly 7) truly 8)

justify 9) rewarded 10) devastating

Translation1.1) Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling

the government and throwing the country into chaos.2) The falling market shattered her

illusion about getting rich quickly.3) Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can

see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political

and military circumstances then.4) Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic.

But as he was in no mood for a quarrel/not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not

to hear it.5) People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their loved

ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?

，long after the earthquake shook/hit my home town, I can still recall, in crystal

detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the

street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust

. .

.

blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming..Now,

many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one.

In the town square, a memorial has been built to remember those killed in the disaster. It

seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed. but the memory will linger.

Part III Home Reading TaskComprehension check1. b 2. b 3. d4. a 5. c 6. d

Translation:1. 但是，气势汹汹说大话不是纪念。我们必须清醒地估计我们所处的地位以与我们必须做的事情，因为在过去的七年中我们已经丧失了许多。2. 联合国的成员国联手识别和追踪进行的人。3. 但是我们没有集中对付这一威胁。相反，在布什政府的傲慢、恐惧和怨恨的驱使下，美国选择了入侵伊拉克。4. 事实上，如果按布什总统和约翰 ? 麦凯恩所下的定义，“胜利”是指“在伊拉克留下一个稳定、XX的政府，一个美国的可靠盟友”的话，我们还远远没有在伊拉克取得胜利。

Language Practice1. 1) b 2) f 3) a 4) e 5) g 6) h 7) c 8) d

2. 1) aggravate 2) distorted 3) tracking down 4) revised 5) disrupt 6) dependent 7) left

behind 8) a long way from 9) indebted 10) destruction 11) justify 12) takes stockPart IV

Comprehensive Language PracticeModel paper

How We Should Combat TerrorismTo my mind, we need to be both tough on terrorism and

tough on the causes of terrorism. Let us take the second point first. It is sometimes said

that one person's terrorist is another person's freedom fighter. There is obviously an

element of truth in this, for while the events of September 11 clearly shocked the West, in

a number of Muslim countries opinion was more divided. There many viewed the United

States as an enemy that deserved to be attacked. Much of this hostility springs from

American support for Israel and could be diminished through a successful effort to end the

Arab-Israeli , then, eliminating the underlying causes eliminate all terrorism?

. .

.

This seems doubtful. A world without conflicting interests seems a pleasant dream, but a

dream nonetheless. There will always be people with a grievance and people heartless

enough to pursue their grievance through taking innocent lives. This means that we will

need to continue to be on our guard and ready to take forceful measures to confront

terrorism. (176 words)

Unit 8Part I Listening TaskScript for the recording:

We live busy lives with so little time to enjoy the world around us that oftentimes we almost

forget it is in the Niagara region, an area that has so much to offer both

scenically and historically, we forget about the diversity of nature and the fact that not

everyone lives as we to university in Toronto this year, I was surprised to learn

that Niagara is one of the top crop producers in not only Ontario, but also Canada. I was

even more surprised that many of the people I met who were from Toronto had never seen

a farm before, or enjoyed the small pleasures of picking their own fruit or going for hikes in

scenic areas. I realized that I was lucky to have experienced both the urban and rural

ued by the question of how I felt about living so close to Niagara Falls, I decided

to stop by after work one night and really look at them. I felt as though I was really seeing

the falls for the first time, and they truly were everything that the tourists had promised.

Staring into the never-ending cascades of water, I was mystified by it I was,

standing at the top of such a glorious sight that I had seen so many times before, but for

the first time in my life, I was truly seeing it the way that it was meant to be seen: through

the eyes of a tourist.

After Listening1. one of the top crop producers in Canada2. she went to college3.

mystified by it all4. through the eyes of a tourist

Part II Reading taskComprehensionPossible answers to content questions:1. They went

. .

.

to the Napo River in the Ecuadorian jungle. Besides her, there were three North

Americans and four Ecuadorians.2. They were guides.3. She wrote about birds singing,

people talking, insects hunting, fireflies illumining, enormous trees, sweet night air, distant

music. All in all, the night was beautiful and relaxing.4. For village girls to play with it in the

morning, like what they had done that afternoon.5. He enjoyed it so much that he

wondered why he would go back home.6. It is simply to see what is there, not to see the

most spectacular anything.7. Floating foams and logs and branches from the jungle, water

animals, and palm-thatch shelters for overnight fishing trips.8. To get warm in the river

water.9. Trees, animals, long lakes.10. Birds and fish.11. They ate chicken, rice, onion,

and fruit. They saw school children singing.12. Simple life brings pleasure and peace.

Text Organization1. Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-5 Description of the

Napo River and surrounding jungle scenery at night, together with the author's reflections

on it Part Two Paras 6-8 Recalling what happened to her on their arrival at the village and

what others felt about the Napo River and the people there Part Three Paras 9-18

Detailed description of journeying in the jungle and her feelings about it2. 1) Birds, insects

and animals of all descriptions 2) The sweet air 3) Various kinds of trees and other plants

4) River abundant in fish 5) Little girls who liked to play with the writer's hair 6) Children

singing lovely songs 7) Treating guests with wonderful foods 8) People and nature in

harmony

Language Sense Enhancement11) on the planet 2) a feel for3) fringes and hollows 4) half

a continent5) in detail 6) sucking7) shade 8) smeared with9) in flocks 10) are reputed to

VocabularyI.1.1) heap 2) was smeared3) warmed 4) dissolve5) thrash 6) out of the way7)

hollows 8) tangled9) get his hands on 10) opaque11) at the edge of, illumined 12〕hop

2.1) take (the clock) apart 2) result from3) run out of 4) feed on5) come forward 6) woke

. .

.

up7) focused on 8) settled over

3.1) After reading the book Little Women, Mary was dying to see the movie based on it.2)

Street noises do not penetrate to the 20th floor of our office building because, as a rule,

the sheer distance mutes all sounds from the ground.3) You will inevitably lose sight of the

overall objective if you fuss too much over details.4) Back at home from his long journey,

Tom slumped into an armchair, (feeling) completely exhausted.5) Dorothy Parker, an

American poet and short-story writer, was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time.

4.1) Thousands of people swarmed to the East Lake yesterday to watch the spectacular

boat race between the world champions, who paddled their boats like mad.2) The Smiths

live in the heart of a large forest, far out of the range of all the noises of the modern city.

The house itself, the ivy trailing over the stone walls and the swans gliding in the lake

nearby all make for an ideal place to live in.3) Day after day he came to the narrow strip of

beach, watching the heaving waves of the sea slap angrily at the rocks of the shore.

II.1.1) worth 2) worthy3) worthwhile 4) worth, worth5) worthwhile 6) worthy2.1) lone 2)

alone3) alone 4) lonely5) lonely 6) alone, lonely

III1 ice-cream 2 teas3 wines 4 cloth5 soap 6 beer7 fuels 8 soils9 sugars 10 grass

Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) are dying to 2) in the heart of3) tangled 4)

paddles5)loop 6) out of sight7) in flocks 8) hopping9) gliding 10) opaque11) thrashing 12)

darting13) swarms 14) spectacular

2.1) running 2) fancy 3) incorporate 4) exploring 5) guide6) adventure 7) rarely 8) diverse

9) survive 10) lucky

II. Translation11) Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his

heart to her on their first date.2) At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest,

. .

.

now laughing, now screaming, but before long they were out of sight.3) The moment the

football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of cars waiting for their

arrival4) Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear his

character..5) Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes. He said he had

found it on the curb when he hopped off his school Wednesday, my classmate

Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams.

When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first

bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she

found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying

for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to

all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the

boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we

enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of

the large uang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I’d like to go there

III Home Reading TaskComprehension Check1) c 2) b 3) d 4) d 5) c 6) b

Translation

1他们家位于纳尔逊城外绵延起伏的山丘中，我们的车子开进了他们满是尘土的私用车道，我们遇到了比我们预想要多的面孔：他们的大毛茸茸的羊驼也蹦蹦跳跳来到篱笆边。2. 要是能与西蒙、苏和埃拉一起多过几天就好了，但是往南还有这么多美好景要看，而时间又这么紧，我们又只好上路了。

3. 在维多利亚时代的照片上，我们看到有旅行者划着小船在这儿冰川脚下转悠，这说明在以往的一个世纪中，冰已经退缩了很多——这又是一个地球变暖的迹象。

4. 在开往哈斯特山口的路上，我们经过了看上去像是史前的海滩和沼泽地。我们在船溪停下，观看赫氏海豚〔世界上最小的海豚，仅一米长〕冲浪。它们为旅游者表演，一般说来还. .

.

挺高兴的！

Language Practice

1.1) b 2) h 3) e 4) g5) c 6) d 7) f 8) a2.1) embarked on 2) at the foot of3) to live up to 4)

refreshing5) glimpse 6) would/will hit the road7) emigrated 8) snatched9) wind/snake its

way 10) in action11) pop in 12) is geared to/towards

Part IV Comprehensive Language PracticeSample Letter of reservation

10 Mill LaneLondonN6 2RT2 February 2011The LandlordThe Holly Tree

InnAmblesideKN3 5MN

Dear Landlord,I am planning a walking holiday in the Lake District this spring and would

like to book a single room at your inn for the night of 11 April. I cannot give a definite time

of arrival as this will all depend on the weather — if it is fine, I may well not arrive until late.

Kindly let me know by return of post whether you will be able to accommodate me on the

date mentioned so that I can complete plans for my trip. Should you require a deposit I

shall be happy to provide faithfully,H. WainwrightH. Wainwright

. .