新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 53 Hot snake 触电的蛇_

新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson

53 Hot snake 触电的蛇

Lesson 53 Hot snake 触电的蛇

【New words and expressions】（13）

hot adj. 带电的，充电的

fireman n. 消防队员

cause v. 引起； n. 原因

examine v. 检查

accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地

remains n. 尸体，残骸

wire n. 电线

volt n. 伏特（电压单位）

power line 电力线

solve v. 解决

mystery n. 谜（无法接受地, 解释不了的）

snatch v. 抓住

spark n. 电火花

★hot adj. 带电的, 充电的

hot adj.

hot – hotter – hottest

热的，炎热的（反义词 cold）

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eg. hot water / hot weather / a hot day

hot 炎热的 —— warm 温暖的 —— cool 凉爽的 —— chilly 寒冷的

—— cold 寒冷的，严寒的

（调味品等）辣的

eg. Pepper and mustard are hot. 胡椒和芥末都很辣。

强烈的，激烈的，热烈的

eg. have a hot temper 脾气暴躁

a hot debate 激烈的辩论

get hot on rock music 热衷于摇滚音乐

(新闻等)最新的，刚发生的，刚到达的

eg. hot potato 棘手的问题

hot news 最热点的新闻

hot news on the election results 选举结果的最新消息

a magazine hot from the press 刚出版的杂志

a young man hot from school 刚出校门的年轻人

be hot on sb. 迷恋某人，爱慕某人

be in hot water 惹上麻烦

= get into trouble = run into trouble

★fireman n. 消防队员

fire-fighter 消防队员

fireplace 壁炉

firework 烟火

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fire-water 烈酒

firehouse 消防队，消防站

= fire station

fireproof adj. 耐火的

fire-raising n. 放火，纵火

fire extinguisher 灭火器 （extinguisher n. 熄灭者, 灭火器）

(extinguish＝put out 灭火)

★cause v.& n. 引起；原因

(1) v. 引起，导致

eg. A cigarette caused the forest fire. 一支香烟导致这场森林大火。

What caused his sickness 是什么让他生病的。

Carelessness causes accidents. 粗心导致事故。

Pride causes failure. 骄傲使人失败

cause sb. to do sth. 引起某人做某事, 导致某人做某事

Illness caused him to lose his temper. (lose one’s temper 发火)

(2) n. 理由

eg. You have no cause for complaint. 你没有理由抱怨。

Don’t be late without cause. 不要无故迟到。

(3) n. 原因，起因

eg. What was the cause of his sickness 他生病的原因是什么？

find out the cause 查出原因

★examine v. 检查

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(1) v. 仔细观察，检查，调查

eg. The firefighters examined every inch of the forest.

消防队员彻底搜查了森林。

examine facts 检查事实

examine a theory 检查理论

examine an evidence 调查证据

(2) v. 诊查

eg. The doctor examined his patient carefully.

这个医生很细心地为病人诊查。

(3) v. 考试，测试

eg. examine students in English 考学生英语

examiner 主考人

examinee 应考者

★accidentally adv. 意外地, 偶然地

accident（n.）－>accidental（adj.）－>accidentally(adv.)

反义词：intentional 有意的，故意的

accident

（1）n. [c] 事故，意外

eg. a car accident

a road accident

a traffic accident

(2) 机遇，命运，造化（= chance, fortune）

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eg. by chance = by accident = accidentally 意外地，偶然地

★remains n. 尸体, 残骸，遗体，遗址

remain

v. 留下，剩下，遗留 （不再用进行时态）

eg. After the fire, nothing remained in my house.

大火过后，什么也没剩下。

If you take 3 from 8, 5 remains. 8减3等于5。

Much remains to be done. 要做的事还很多。

v. 仍是，保持不变

eg. He remained silent. 他保持沉默。

remains

n. 剩余物，残余物

eg. the remains of a meal 残羹剩炙

n. （古建筑等物）遗址，废墟

eg. the remains of Yuanmingyuan 圆明园

n. 遗体，遗骸

eg. The remains of Chairman Mao were kept well in a crystal coffin.

的遗体被保存在水晶棺材里。

★wire n. 电线

(1) n. 金属线，电线

eg. He tied a basket to the bicycle with a piece of wire.

他用一根电线把篮子捆在自行车上。

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telephone wires 电话线

（2）(美口)电报

eg. send a wire 发电报

receive a wire 接电报

wireless adj.无线的

eg. wireless telegraphy 无线电报

★volt n. 伏特（电压单位）

= voltage n. 电压，伏特数

★power line 电力线

power

电力，动力

eg. electric power 电力

atomic power 原子动力

water power 水力

力，能力

eg. brain power 智力

the power of hearing 听力

（3）权力，支配力，势力

eg. political power 政治权力

come to power 得势，掌权

= come into power

not within one’s power 力所不能及

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= beyond one’s power

eg. It is beyond my power to understand how the computer works.

想懂得计算机是如何工作的是我力所不能及的。

★solve v. 解决，解答，回答

= work out

a question 解答一个问题

solve the problem 解决一个问题

solve a puzzle 解答一个难题

（puzzle v.使困惑 n.难题）

solve a crime 破案

solve a mystery 揭开谜底

（mystery n.秘密）

solution n.解决，解答

eg. a solution for a trouble 麻烦的解决

= a solution to a trouble

★mystery n. 谜（无法接受地, 解释不了的）

神秘的事物，不可解释的事物；秘密

eg. the mystery of life 生命的奥秘

His disappearance is a mystery. 他的失踪是个谜。

an air of mystery 神秘的气氛

可作定语修饰名词

eg. a mystery guest 神秘的来客

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= a mystery visitor

a mystery tour 神秘之旅

mystery 神秘的事物，奥秘

riddle 谜语，谜一般的人、东西、事情等

puzzle 难题，用以测试人的知识、智力、技巧等的问题

或玩具；谜一般的事物

★snatch v. 抓住

（1）v. 抢，夺，攫取

snatch up 抓起来

eg. The thief snatched her bag and ran away.

那个小偷抢了他的包逃跑了。

He snatched at the newspaper as his mother was about to see it.

他的妈妈正要看报纸的时候，他抢了过来。

（2） v. （趁机）迅速取得，急急忙忙吃完饭

snatch a sleep on a busy day 在忙碌的日子偷闲小睡

snatch v. (突然抓起来)强调动作的突然性，抢

snach a chance 抓住机会

grab v. 抓，抢，抢夺，抓住（热切而拼命地）

grab sth. from sb. = grab sth. from sth.

grasp v. 抓住或咬住，抓紧

grasp a chance 抓住机会

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v. 掌握

grasp a language 掌握一门语言

hold v. 抓住，握住，托住

take hold of = catch hold of = get hold of 抓住

★spark n. 电火花(切断电流而产生)，火花，火星

strike a spark from a flint 用燧石打出火花

a shower of sparks 如阵雨般的火星、火花

【Text】

At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then,

they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are

often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people

carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground

carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also

quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning,

however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the

remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a

16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The

explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the

snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake

then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to

the ground and these immediately started a fire.

参考译文

第 9 页 共 18 页

消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火. 从那时起, 他们一直试图出起火的原因. 森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起. 昨天, 消防队员仔细查看了地面, 但未能发现碎玻璃. 他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的. 然而今天上午, 一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因. 他发现了缠绕在16, 000伏高压线上的一条死蛇. 就这样, 他解开了起火之谜. 解释很简单, 却异乎寻常. 一只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来, 然后把它扔到了电线上. 于是蛇就缠住了几根电线. 当它这样做时, 把火花送到了地面, 这些火花立刻引起了一场大火.

【课文讲解】

1、Hot snake

hot snake 触电的蛇

get a electric shock 触电

2、At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.

at last 最后，终于（强调过程很艰难）

put out a fire 扑灭火（put out扑灭，熄灭，关掉）

3、Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began.

since then 从那时起，到现在为止

have been trying (现在完成进行时态，强调一直的概念)

find out 出，发现，查出（经过研究、努力等）

how the fire began 作find的宾语从句

4、Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends

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which people carelessly throw away.

broken glass 碎玻璃

cigarette ends 烟头

eg. a borken heart 失意

a broken glass 破杯子

a broken promise 爽约

a broken marriage 破裂的婚姻

a broken home 破碎的家庭

come to an end 结束，完毕

which people carelessly throw away作定语从句修饰broken glass和cigarette ends

throw away 扔掉

throw to 向…扔过去

throw at 向…砸过去

5、Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not

able to find any broken glass.

were not able to = could not

be able to 能够

be not able to 没有能够

6、They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.

be sure that 对……很有把握

be quite sure that 相当的把握性

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quite (quiet adj. 安静的)

（1）相当

eg. Are you quite certain about that 你对这件事情相当确信吗？

（2）全然，完全，十分，的确

eg. She was quite alone. 她的确是一个人。

（3）事实上，非常

eg. It was quite a bargain. 非常便宜。

（4）颇为，相当地

eg. She’s a quite good actress. 她是个相当好的演员。

This jacket is quite good. 这件夹克相当好。

rather adv. 相当

fairly adv. 相当, 公正地, 诚实地

quite(＝completely)－>rather－>fairly 程度一个比一个轻

start the fire 引起火灾

start a fire ＝ cause a fire （start vt. 使……发生，引起）

eg. We started on our journey. 我们出发去旅行。

Our school starts at 8:50. 我们学校8：50开始上课。

He hasn’t started in writing his next play yet.

= He hasn’t started on writing his next play yet.

他尚未着手写下一个戏剧。

start to do sth. = start doing sth.

以下情况用start to do sth.

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主语为物

start为进行时态

后面的动词do表示内心活动

eg. A strong wind started to blow. 狂风开始吹了起来。

She is starting to prepare lunch. 她开始准备午饭。

7、This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause.

区别cause与reason:

cause n. 直接导致行为或事件发生的原因，即“起因”。

reason n. 解释某事为什么发生的理由或借口。

cause vt.使发生，导致，引起

reason vt./vi. 评理，劝说（常与with, into, out of连用）

eg. Do you know the cause of the fire 你知道大火的起因吗？

This is the reason why he left. 这就是他离开的原因。

What caused the fire 是什么导致了大火？

I reasoned with him for hours. 我劝了他几个小时。

reason sb. into doing sth. 劝说某人做某事

= talk sb. into doing sth.

reason sb. out of doing sth. 劝说某人别做某事

= talk sb. out of doing sth.

accidentally = by chance 偶然地

discover本身含有偶然发现（某个已经存在的东西）的含义

8、He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the

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electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line.

notice 注意别人没注意的东西

the remains表示“尸体，残骸”，必须用复数形式

which was wound round the electric wires … 作定语从句修饰snake

16,000-volt power line 连字符“-” 一旦加在两个词之间, 这个词之间就失去了加复数的资格, 能够加连字符的概念一定是做定语

wind vt. 缠绕，卷在……上；盘旋，蜿蜒

① vt. 缠绕，卷在……上（常与around/round连用）

eg. Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree

② vt. 蜿蜒，盘旋

eg. wind one's way 蜿蜒而行

9、In this way, he was able to solve the mystery.

in this way 就这样

solve the mystery 解开谜底

10、The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched

up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires.

snatch up sth. from the ground 把某物从地上抓起来

drop vt. 使落下，使掉落

eg. She dropped the vase on the floor. 她把花瓶掉在了地上。

drop vi.

eg. The teapot dropped out of her hand. 茶壶从她手上跌了下去。

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fall vi. 掉下，跌倒(不及物动词，后面不能加宾语)

eg. He fell down the stairs and broke his leg. 他掉下楼梯摔断了腿。

Prices fell. 价格跌了。

= Prices dropped.

had done 先发生的事

drop 无意掉下去的

11、The snake then wound itself round the wires.

wound round = wound around

eg. Vines often wind around a post or a tree.

葛藤常常缠在柱子上和树上。

I wind this clock every day.

我每天给这个钟上弦。

12、When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these

immediately started a fire.

do so 这么做

eg. I refuse to do so. 我拒绝这么做。

（so常用于一些动词之后，代指前面提过的某个动作/某件事，以免重复。）

eg. I think/believe so. 我这么认为。

【Key structures】

一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时

一般过去时: 强调过去某一时间发生完的动作或者处于的状态，搭配

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一个明确的

过去时间。

现在完成时：强调过去某一动作对现在存在影响或者是这个动作一直延续到现在

还可能再延续下去。（have/has + ）

现在完成进行时：强调过去动作对现在产生的影响，强调一直在进行着，一直发

生着。（have/has been + doing）

eg. I stayed at this hotel five years ago. 五年前，我在这家酒店住过。

Have you ever stayed at this hotel 你曾在这家酒店住过吗？

I have been staying at this hotel for 3 weeks.

我已经在这家酒店住了3年了。

表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。多用于延续性动词，如：live, learn, lie, stay, sit, wait, stand, wrest,study等；并且常和一些时间状语：all this time, this week, this month, all

night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for所引导的状语短语或从句连用。

eg. What have you been doing all this time 你一直干什么来着？

He is ill. He’s been lying in the bed for 3 weeks.

他在病中，已卧床三个星期了。

现在完成进行时和一切进行时态一样也可以带有感彩。

eg. Too much has been happening today. 今天真是一个多事的日子。

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【Special Difficulties】

Throw to，Throw at and Throw away

throw作及物动词主要含义为“投，掷，抛，扔”。

throw to (sb.) 扔给（某人）

He threw the ball to me and I caught it.

throw at 对准某一目标扔

The boy threw a stone at the window and broke it.

throw away 扔掉，丢弃

Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly.

Cause and Reason

cause

① n. 原因，起因；

Do you know the cause of the war

What was the cause of the delay

② v. 使……产生/发生，引起

cause sth. 导致, 引起

What caused the accident

cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事

reason

① n. 理由，原因

Give me your reasons for going there.

What was the reason for the delay

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作“原因”讲时，reason与cause可以互换，但reason与介词for连用；而cause则与介词of连用。

reason后面通常跟why引导的从句：

That was the reason why the meeting was put off.

② v. 推理，劝导，说服

reason with sb. 劝说(以道理)

How can you reason with him when he is so worried

Drop and Fall

drop vi.&vt. （使）掉下，（使）落下，放下（强调的是不小心掉下来）

As he walked past the tree, an apple dropped from it.

The waiter dropped a fork.

fall vi. 落下，（雨、雪）下，降，跌倒，摔倒（强调的是掉下来的概念, 动作）

I fell and hurt myself.

When leaves fall in autumn, I’ll come back.

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