Just与only用法详解

just是英语中使用频率很高的一个词，下面我把just的含义及其用法来简单小结。

一、just可以作副词

1. [= exactly]（不用于否定句中) ：可用于名词形容 词﹑ 副词和介词词组等前，表示“恰好”或起强调作用，表“真，非常”之类

It's just half past six. 正好六点半。

This hammer is just the thing I need. 这正是我要的锤子.

It's just my size. 这正是我的尺码.

Just my luck! 我的运气就是这么坏!

just right 正对

just here/there 就在这里[那里]

just on target 正中目标.

just where I expected it to be 恰在我料到的地方.

That's just what he wanted. 那正是他所要的。

（否定句为：That's not quite what he wanted. 那不是他所要的。）

I live just round the corner. 我就住在拐弯附近

I am just happy. 我太高兴了。

The concert was just splendid. 音乐会真不错。

2. 与动词类相关

(a) （BE）多用于完成时态中，置于动词与助动词之间，意为“刚才，刚刚”。

I have just finished my homework.我刚刚做完家庭作业。

I have (only) just seen John. 我刚才见到约翰了.

When you arrived he had (only) just left = He left immediately before you arrived. 你来时他刚走.

By the time you arrive, he will have just finished. 等你来到时他刚好能做完.

He has just been speaking. 他刚才一直在说话.

(b) （AE）用于一般过去时中，表示“刚才”。

The bell just rang. 铃刚响过。

I just saw him (a moment ago). 我（几分钟之前）刚看见他.

(c)用于进行时态

Please wait: I am just finishing a letter. 请稍候, 我马上就写完信.

I was just having lunch when Bill rang. 比尔来电话时我正在吃午饭.

(d) just about/going to do sth 表即将)

I was just about to tell you when you interrupted. 我正要告诉你, 你把话打断了.

The clock is just going to strike noon. 钟即将於中午时敲响.

(e)用于祈使句中，以引起对某事的注意，有时可以使语气婉转，意为“就请，尽管……好了”。

Just (=Please) come here a moment. 请过来一下。

Just listen to me! 就请听一听我说！

Just let me say something! 让我说两句吧!

二、 做形容词用

表示“公平的，公正的”、“合理的，适当的” 或“应当的”等

My brother is a very just man.我哥哥是一个很正直的人。

The law is just.法律是公正的。

It is a just claim. 这是正当的要求。

He gave a just opinion. 他提了一个合理的意见。

This is your just reward. 这是你应得的报酬。

That man received a just punishment. 那个人受到了应得的惩罚。

三、only在句中的位置

only在句中的位置不同，使全句的意思或着重点也有所不同，一般来讲，应放在它所修饰的词之前。试比较：

Only Tom watches TV at home on Sunday. （修饰主语）只有汤姆星期天在家看电视。

Tom only watches TV at home on Sunday. （修饰谓语）汤姆星期天在家只是看电视。

Tom watches only TV at home on Sunday. （修饰宾语）汤姆星期天在家看的只是电视。

Tom watches TV only at home on Sunday. （修饰地点状语）汤姆星期天只是在家看电视。

Tom watches TV at home only on Sunday. （修饰时间状语）汤姆只是星期天在家看电视。

四、just 与only的区别

I'm a millionaire' - 有100万或许还不止；

'I'm just a millionaire' – 比如有110万

'I'm only a millionaire',作为一个百万富翁并不算什么.

A: "Wow! You have so much money!"

B: "I'm only a millionaire, most of my friends are billionaires."

I'm only just a millionaire' - 刚好也就只有100万

I can (only) just reach the shelf, if I stand on tiptoe. 我踮着脚才刚能够着架子.

She (only) just caught the train with one minute to spare. 她差一点儿没赶上那趟火车.

"only" 与 "just" 会涉及定性与定量问题.

"These trousers are only big enough for William" (and not Charles or Edward) - 定性.

"These trousers are just big enough for William" (nobody else involved) - 定量.

"These trousers are only just big enough for William" - 定性但强调正好（justness）.

I'll have but a few of those delicious candies.文学用语，书面语可能，口语中除非是故意营造某种语气，否则不可能用

I'll have only a few of those delicious candies.不会再要其它的（只有这几种还行）

I'll have just a few of those delicious candies.会有人说，中性口吻