名词复数变化规则


2023年12月31日发(作者:yw99997can免费)

名词复数变化

1. 一般情况下加s map —maps

2。 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加 —es bus—buses 【stomach(胃)———stomachs;epoch(新时期)—--epochs】

3. 以y结尾的名词,变复数时 a. 以辅音字母+y, 变y 为i 加es baby—babies

b。 专有名词或元音字母+y, 直接加s two Marys, monkeys

【Dry禁酒论者---drys , standby 后备人员-——standbys】

a。 加s, photo-photos

b. 加es,Negro, hero, potato, tomato, volcano, tornado, torpedo, veto, mosquito,

a. 去f或fe 加ves,half-halves

b. 加s,gulf/cliff/roof/grief chief/belief/proof/safe +S

a。 man—men woman—women child-children foot—feet tooth-teeth

goose-geese mouse—mice louse - lice ox - oxen

b。 an Englishman-two Englishmen. 【但German-Germans,human—humans】

**c。 外来名词:criterion—criteria(标准);phenomenon—phenomena(现象);analysis—analyses(分析);basis-bases(基础);crisis—crises(危机);

thesis-theses(论文);bacterium—bacteria(细菌);Medium –media(媒介物);

4. 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时

5。 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时

6. 名词复数的不规则变化

7。

单复

同形

名词

8.

deer, sheep, fish, shark, giraffe, buffalo, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Swedish, Danish, means,

series, species, aircraft, staff, li, jin, yuan, two li, three mu, four jin除了中国度量衡和货币之外,美元,英镑,法郎等都有复数形式。the English, the Chinese,表示国民总称时,谓语用复数。【—ese, -ish结尾的国家人单复同形.】

2 pieces of fish 2 fish

2 pieces of glass

penny(便士)

2 fishes

2 pairs of glasses

Pennies(个数)

2 glasses

pence (价值)

A单数类集体名词:

意思为复数,但谓语用单数humanity 人类clothing 衣服glassware 玻璃器具machinery 机械mankind 人类equipment 设备jewelry 珠宝poetry 诗baggage 行李furniture 家具luggage 行李pottery 陶器

B复数类集体名词:以单数形式出现,但实为复数,谓语用复数. faculty, poultry, folk, people, police等本身就是复数,谓语动词复数。不能说 a people和a police,但可以说a person和a policeman 【a people–two

peoples】

C单复同形类集体名词谓语单复数由意思决定army; audience; bacteria; cast; class, committee; community;

company; council; crew; data; enemy; family; flock; gang; government; group; herd; jury; media;

navy; opposition; police; press; public; staff ; team; youth

单数:My family is big family。

复数:His family are all music lovers。

9。 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词

10. —表示由两部分构成的东西

-以ing结尾的词

a. maths,politics,physics学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c。 the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

d。 某些疾病mumps 腮腺炎 measles 麻疹

e。 活动名称billiards /cards /darts

如:glasses, trousers, clothes, slippers 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair; suit,

a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers。谓语单复数取决于数量词pair单复数.

belongings; surroundings; doings; earnings; findings; savings;;

1

-其他复数

11。 复合名词的复数

contents; arms; fireworks; wages; forces; remains; valuables; stairs; sweets

a. 由man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式前后都变复数

Woman teacher—women teachers

b。 中间无连字号也没间隔的复合名词变复数,将最后一个名词变复数

housewife-housewives; greenhouse—greenhouse

c。 中间有连字符号或间隔的复合名词,将主要的词变成复数

passer-by-passers-by; mother—in-law—mothers-in—law

d. 复合名词中的单词没有名词时,则在最后一个单词的词尾+s

go—between—go—betweens, has—been—has-beens (过时的人或物)

thanks to; give regards to; take pains; with best wishes; have words with; in high

spirits; in all directions; shake hands with sb; make preparations for; make friends

with; congratulations (to sb) on (doing) sth

12。 用复数的固定词组

常见的不可数名词有:

--物质/材料:air; beancurd; beef; blood; bread; butter; chalk; chicken; chocolate; cloth; coal; coffee; corn; cream;

daylight; cotton; dirt; dust; energy; cheese; fibre; fog; food; fruit; flesh; four; glass; gold; grain; grass; hair; honey;

iron; kerosene; lightning; meat; milk; money; moustache; mud; music; mutton; hay; oxygen; paper; pork;

porridge; powder; rain; ice; rubbish; salt; sauce; silver; steam; steel; storage; sugar; sunrise; sweat; thirst;

thunder; water; wheat; wind; wood; wool; soap; vinegar; wine; soup;

baggage; clothing; furniture; luggage; jewelry; equipment; electricity; homework;

——抽象:time; noise; information; knowledge; progress; trouble; fun; courage; luck;patience;poverty; wealth;traffic;waste;

quality; advice; attention; business; citizenship; danger; darkness; death; depth; damage; comfort; education;

disappointment;

experience(经验); freedom; future, goodness, graduation; grammar; happiness; health; hunger; imagination;

importance;

justice; kindness; luck; measure; labour; humor; permission; pressure; practice; pleasure; population; sickness;

smoking;

sorrow; starvation; treatment; truth; use; willingness; wisdom; weather; work; housework; pollution;

****【牢记以下纯不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用:weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word=news, progress,

................................................information, news】

................不可数名词也可以直接加-s等表示复数,但它的意义也有所变化,用来指一些具体的事物.

-—Cake is a kind of food。 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) ——These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃. (可数)

--This factory produces steel。 这个工厂生产钢铁。(不可数) --We need various steels。 我们需要各种钢材。(可数)

——Our country is famous for tea。 我国因茶叶而闻名。(不可数) —-Two teas, please。 请来两杯茶.(可数)

water(水) — waters(水域),

sea(海) - seas(海域)

sand(沙子) - sands(沙漠)

wood(木头) - woods(树林)

damage(毁坏) - damages(赔偿金)

good(好处) - goods(货物)

time(时间) — times(时代)

custom(风俗) - customs(海关)

advice(建议) — advices(通知)

force(力量) — forces(军队)

return(回来) - returns(统计表)

green(绿) — greens(青菜)

light(光) — lights(灯)

iron(铁) — irons(熨斗)

glass(玻璃) — glasses(玻璃杯)

freedom (自由) —four freedoms (特指“四大自由”)

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minute(分钟) — minutes(记录) necessity(必要性) - necessities(生活必需品)

manner(态度) — manners(礼貌) modernization (现代化) — the four modernizations (特指“四个现代exercise(锻炼) - exercises(体操、练习) 化”)

paper(纸) — papers(文件) spirit(精神) - in high spirits(情绪)

character(性格)— characters(汉字、符号) custom(习俗) - customs(海关)

experience(经验) - experiences(经历)

 ****修饰可数名词不可数名词的词或短语

只修饰可数名词的词或短语:

Many;several;few /a few; a great(good) many; a number of; a large(great) number of; (large/great) numbers

of

只修饰不可数名词的词或短语:

Much little a great amount of a little a bit of a good(great) deal of

修饰可数名词和不可数名词的词或短语:

Some enough most a lot of lots of plenty of

Much too + adj v。s too much + n

 ****可转化为可数名词的抽象名词

抽象名词一般为不可数名词,不能和冠词连用,但以下这些抽象名词加a/an 表示具体的事物或人

honour; death; pleasure; success; failure; comfort; surprise; worry; beauty; wonder; envy; shock; shame; regret;

joy; danger; shame; pity; experience;

 抽象名词部分

1. Of+抽象名词=相应的形容词

A man of sense=a sensible man;…of wealth=a wealthy man;…of experience=an experienced;…of courage=a courageous

2. of + 表示大小、长短、深度、高度、年龄、颜、材料

We are of the same age。 The two dresses are of different materials。

3. in + height/ length/ size/ width/ depth

The lake is about 60 meters in depth. The rope is 10 meters in length。

4. by the hour/ by the dozen

We are paid by the hour. Energy is measured in calories。

5. with/ in / by/ on + (great + )抽象名词 = (very +)副词

I met Lisa by accident (=accidentally) in London.

 不可数名词的计量形式:

不可数名词没有词形变化,需要计量时,可用of连接相应的表量单位词,并加以数词和变表量单位词为复数的形式来表示

不可 a glass of water a piece of bread

two glasses of water four pieces of bread

❖ 但现代英语中,单位词的用法有变化 two coffees(= two cups of coffee); two ices(= two pieces of ice)

chalk a cake of soap

jewellery a drop of water

news a fit of anger

bread a lump of sugar

阳性+ actor — actress; prince - princess

ess, inewaiter - waitress; hero — heroine

等表阴性 host — hostess; emperor - empress

author - authoress; poet - poetess

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数名词表量的形式

furniture a slice of cake

equipment a glass of wine

a piece of luggage a suit of clothes

information a sack of flour

advice an article of furniture

clothing a bar of chocolate

paper a loaf of bread

mail a burst of laughter

名词的性

以er, or结尾表主动;以ee结尾表被动

trainer — trainee; employer - employee

examiner - examinee; tester — testee

interviewer — interviewee;

investigator - investigatee;

promisor(立约者) — promisee(守约者)

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