高二英语选择性必修第一册(2020版)_Unit1_词汇-情景破

Unit1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT词汇-情景破

知识点1 vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的

Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria，and is thought to

save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.（教材P2）青蒿素已经成为疟疾的一个极其重要的部分，并且被认为仅在非洲一年就挽救了10万条生命。

情景导学

Vitamins are vital for health维生素对健康极其重要。

Perseverance is vital to success坚持不懈对成功极其重要。

In the current world it is vital for a business to have a website of its own在当今世界，一个企业拥有自己的网站极其重要。

It is vital that every child（should）enjoy the right to education.每个孩子都（应）享有受教育的权利，这极其重要。

归纳拓展

① be vital对 / ( ) （做）某事极其重要

① it is vital that sb. ( ) sth.某人做某事极其重要

① it is vital for…to do sth.

① think it vital to do sth.认为做某事极其重要

链接高考

单句语法填空

1-1（2019天津，阅读理解A，★★☆）

Understanding history is vital to understand ourselves as a people and as a

nation.

1-2（2018江苏，阅读理解C，★★☆）

Technology is vital agricultural development

1-3（2018江苏，阅读理解D，★★☆）

It's vital new compulsory age appropriate relationship and sex education

lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of

social media.

单句表达

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1-4（2015江苏，书面表达，★★☆）更糟糕的是，有些司机、骑自行车者和行人

（pedestrian）并不认为遵守交通规则十分重要。

知识点2 committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的

Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30

December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in1955.（教材P2）屠呦呦是一位坚定且有耐心的科学家，她1930年12月30日出生

于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。

情景导学

Both sides committed themselves to settle/settling the disagreement peacefully双方承诺和平解决争端。

He has made a commitment to stop smoking.他已经承诺戒烟了

The development area is committed to creating a perfect Investment environment开发区致力于创造一个完美的投资环境。

归纳拓展

①Commit oneself to do/doing sth.

①make to do sth. 承诺做某事

①be committed to doing sth.

① make a commitment to sth.对某事做出承诺

① commit v.做出（错或非法的事）；承诺；保证；忠于（某个人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）

单句语法填空

2-1（2019天津，阅读理解D，①）

However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a (commit) to

something larger than our own little egos（自我）.

2-2（2017天津，阅读理解A改编，①）

The most awkward email mistake (commit)usually in anger.

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2-3（2017江苏，完形填空，）But he quickly found that he loved playing this

instrument，and was committed to （practice）it so that within a couple of months

he was playing reasonably well.

完成句子

2-4（2016江苏，完形填空，①）

同成长。

But more importantly，we grow together as a couple.

知识点3

但是更重要的是，我们承诺作为一对夫妇共 acknowledge vt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢

However，Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat（教材P2）然而，屠呦呦不承认失败

情景导学

They acknowledged that they were defeated.他们承认他们被打败了。

It is universally acknowledged that trees are vital to our life.人们普遍认为，树木对我们的生活极其重要。

Lang Lang is acknowledged as/to be a world-class young pianist.郎朗被认为是一名世界级青年钢琴演奏家。

归纳拓展

① that.……承认……

① / 被认为

①It that人们认为

① acknowledgement n承认；感谢

单句语法填空

3-1（2019课标全国①，语法填空，★★☆）

Her years of hard work have finally been (acknowledge) after a customer

nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.

3-2（2018北京，阅读理解A改编，①）

The author mentioned the P.E. class (acknowledge)the support of his teacher

3-3（2015上海，阅读理解C，①）

And though one of the executives (acknowledge)that Brutus had the good of

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the republic in mind，Caesar was nevertheless his superior.

知识点4 mostly adv. 主要地；一般地；多半地

Passages like this are most often written in both active and passive voices and mostly

contain facts.（教材P3）像这样的文章经常主要用主动和被动两种语态来写，一般包括事实。

情景导学

Your future depends on many things，but mostly on yourself.你的未来取决于很多事情，但主要取决于你自己。

Most of the school clubs are self--funded.大多数学校社团是自费的。

归纳拓展

most作“大多数”讲时，为限定词或代词，可构成“most+名词”或“most+the+名词”；mostly为副词，可置于句中，修饰词短语、形容词、副词等，常作程度状语。

用most或 mostly填空

4-1（2019课标全国①，阅读理解C，①）

Before the 1830s, newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in

America，usually $8 to $10 a year

4-2（2019课标全国①，阅读理解C改编，①①）

The researchers say that the keyboard is made of inexpensive，plastic-like

parts.

单句改错

4-3（2017课标全国①，阅读理解B，①①①）

Now the area is most office buildings and warehouses.

知识点5 conclusion n结论；推论；结束；结尾Did you come to any conclusions？（教材P4）你得出什么结论了吗？

情景导学

He came to/arrived at the conclusion that the machine was out of order他断定那台机器出了毛病。

I shouldn't jump to conclusions.我不该草率地下结论。

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In conclusion，I would like to gratefully acknowledge financial support from the local

businesses.最后，我要衷心感谢当地企业的财务资助。

The story concluded with a happy ending这个故事以美满的结局结束.

归纳拓展

①come /arrive reach/draw the conclusion+ 引导的同位语从句推断出……，得出……的结论

① to a/the conclusion/conclusions草率下结论

① sth.以某事结束

① = to conclude最后（后者较少使用）

① a conclusion结束（讲话等）

单句语法填空

5-1（2019课标全国I，阅读理解D，①）

…ein came another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive

life outcomes，but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.

5-2（2019江苏，任务型阅读改编，①①）

It's hardly an obvious conclusion this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee（黑猩猩）can tear the man apart like a rag doll.

5-3（2019课标全国I，阅读理解B，①①）

When he brings his speech to a nice (conclude)，Whaley invites the rest of the

class to praise him.

54（2019天津，阅读理解C，①①）

What conclusion can (draw) from the examples in Paragraph 4？

知识点6 circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况

Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.（教材P10）在任何情况下我们都不应该对他人做有害的事。

情景导学

Under/In no circumstances should you lend Paul money.无论如何你都不能借钱给保罗。

Under/in the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这

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种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。

归纳拓展

①in/under 无论如何都不，决不（置于句首时，要用倒装语序）。表示“决不”，置于句首时需用倒装语序的介词短语还有：in no case、on no account、in no wav和 by no means等

①in/under circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此

①a victim of（the/sb.'s）circumstance（circumstance作“客观环境”讲时是不可数名词）客观环境的牺牲品

单句语法填空

6-1（2019课标全国①，七选五，①）

Your personal (circumstance)are equally important. For example，you may want

to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough完成句子

6-2（2019天津改编，12，①）教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上无论如何都不能使用手机。

The professor warned the students that should they use mobile phones in

his class

单句改错

6-3（2015课标全国I，七选五，）

If you've been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstances.

知识点7 passion n酷爱；激情

While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in1905.（教材P8）在那里工作期间，出于对知识的酷爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位

情景导学

The English have a passion for gardens.英国人酷爱花园。

As a singer with a burning passion for Chinese classical music，Huo Zun

successfully combined the styles of traditional Peking Opera with his songs.作为一名对中国古典音乐有着炙热之爱的歌手，霍尊成功地将传统的京剧风格与他的歌

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曲相融合。

Mountaineering is his passion.他酷爱登山。

归纳拓展

①have a passion for（doing）sth.

①with a burning passion for…

①be sb. 's passion

① passionate adj.情意绵绵的；热诚的；狂热的

单句语法填空

7-1（2019天津，阅读理解B改编，①）

The author takes novel reading as a way to develop a passion for (learn).

7-2（2017课标全国I，阅读理解A，①）

Since c Science Center has been inspiring a passion（热情）

discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.

7-3（2017天津，阅读表达，①①①）

We are both (passion)about acting which comes from us being so interested in

people.

单句表达

7-4（2019江苏，阅读理解D，①①）

他酷爱音乐，尽管他从未在家庭之外表演过。

知识点8 consequence n结果；后果

As a consequence，he had to flee Germany.（教材P8）结果，他只好逃离德国。

情景导学

My father coughs frequently as a consequence of/in consequence of smoking因为吸烟，我父亲经常咳嗽。

You made the wrong decision and now you must take the consequences.你做了这个错误的决定，现在你必须承担后果。

The warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us al球变暖以及随之而来的气候变化影响着我们所有人。

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归纳拓展

① a consequence of… consequence of…因为…

① the consequences承担后果

① consequent adj.

① consequently adv.结果

① in consequence= as a consequence因此

单句语法填空

8-1（2019课标全国I，阅读理解D，①）

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed. Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant

(consequence).Those who were highest in status in high school as well as those least

liked in elementary school，are“most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky

behavior”.

8-2（2019北京，阅读理解B，①）

She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. (consequent),she

succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners，which can reduce

oral bacteria

8-3（①①）This led to an unexpected (consequent)，though she had a wonderful

time there.

知识点9 sum up总结；概括；总和

Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person（教材P9）利用你的笔记来写你的介绍，并总结关于这个人你的感受如何。

情景导学

He applied a large sum of money to charity.他把一大笔钱用于慈善。

To sum up，there are three main ways to solve the problem概括起来，这个问题主要有三种解决方法。

In summary，our company should be the best choice for you.总之，我们公司应该会是你最好的选择

归纳拓展

① money一大笔钱

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① up概括起来，总之

① 概括起来，总之

单句语法填空

9-1（2016课标全国①，七选五，①）

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere

of the garden appeared to total more than sum（总和）of its parts？

9-2 （2016上海，听力改编，①）

got sum of money.

9-3 （2015上海，阅读理解B，①）

sum up，The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for

both children and adults.

答案：

知识点1

①for/to doing sth. ① should do ①对……来说做某事极其重要

1-1 understanding句意：了解历史对于把我们自己be vital to doing sth. 对做某事极其重要。故填 understanding，t作为一个民族和国家来了解极其重要。

1-2 for句意：技术对农业发展极其重要。be 对……极其重要。

For the local family in need of help，they

1-3 that It is vital+that从句，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“（should+）动词原形”，其中 should可以省略。

1-4 What's worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey

traffic rules

知识点2

①承诺/保证做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等 ①a commitment ①致力于做某事

2-1 commitment make a commitment to sth.对某事做出承诺，故填 commitment

2-2 is committed句意：最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在生气的时候犯的。commit在此处的意思是“做出（错的事）”，mistake与 commit之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，且此处陈述的是一种客观事实，所以用一般现在时，故填 is committed

2-3 practicing句意：但是，他很快发现他喜欢弹奏这种乐器，并且致力于练习它，

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以至于几个月之内他就弹得相当好了。be committed to doing sth.意为“致力于做某事”，故用动名词形式。

2-4 made a commitment to

知识点3

① acknowledge ① be acknowledged as/to be ①is acknowledged

3-1 acknowledged句意：在一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性之后，她多年的辛劳终于得到了认可。“have been+过去分词”为现在完成时的被动语态形式，故填

acknowledged。

3-2 to acknowledge句意：作者提及休育课是为了感谢他的老师的支持。由句意可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。

3-3 acknowledged分析可知设空处作谓语动词，由本句语境可知此处应用一般过去时，故填acknowledged

知识点4 of动；介

4-1 most句意：在19世纪30年代之前，在美国，大多数报纸是通过年度订阅来出售的，通常每年8美元到10美元。most限定名词 newspapers，意为“大多数”。

4-2 most！mostly修饰谓语动词 is made of，意为“主要地”。

4-3 most改为 mostly句意：现在，这个地区主要是办公大楼和仓库。mostly为副词，意为“主要地”，在此处修饰系动词is。

知识点5

①to；at；that ①jump ① conclude with ①in conclusion

5-1 to come to another conclusion为固定搭配，意为“得出另一个结论”。故填to。

5-2 that 设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明conclusion的具体内容，故填that

5-3 conclusion 句意：在他完美结束他的演讲后Whaley邀请班上其他同学称赞他。依据空前的 a nice可知此处用名词形式， a conclusion结束

5-4 be drawn 句意：从第4段中的例子可以得出什么结论？conclusion与draw之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，填 be drawn。

知识点6

① no circumstances ①the

6-1 circumstances 句意：你个人的条件同样很重要例如，你可能想当一名飞行

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员，但是因为视力不够好而不能成为一名飞行员。circumstance表示条件时为可数名词，空后有are，故用复数名词。

6-2 in/under no circumstances/on no account

6-3 circumstances改为 circumstance a victim of sb.’s circumstance为固定搭配，意为“客观环境的牺牲品”，其中 circumstance为不可数名词

知识点7

①对（做）某事酷爱①对……有着炙爱①某人酷爱

7-1 learn ing 句意：作者把小说阅读当作培养学习热情的一种方法。for为介词，后接动名词

7-2 for 句意：自1962年以来，太平洋科学中心一直在激发人们对于科学、数学和科技方而的探索和终生学习的热情。a passion for.意为“对于…的热情”73

passionate考查词性转换。句意：我们两个都热衷于表演，这源于我们对人都特别感兴趣。passionate意为“狂热的”，be passionate about对…热。

7-4 .Music was his passion，though he had never performed outside the family.

知识点8

①as；in ①take ①随之发生的

8-1 consequences句意：尽管酷酷的小孩可能让人嫉妒，Prinstein博士的研究却显示了负面的结果。那些在中学校园地位最高的人和那些在小学最不被喜欢的人“最有可能做出危险行为”。Consequence作“结果”讲为可数名词，设空处前无冠词，可数名词要用复数形式，故填 consequences

8-2 Consequently句意：她也牙医去更多地了解牙齿清洁。结果，她成功地只用天然甜味剂做出了种糖果，这些天然甜味剂可以减少口腔细菌。consequently意为“因此，所以”，表示一种因果关系。

8-3 consequence an unexpected consequence意为“出乎意料的结果”。

知识点9

① a large sum of ①to sum ①in Summary/sum

9-1 the 句意：你曾经参观过这样一种正适合你的花园吗？在那里，花园的氛围似乎完全胜过它各个部分的总和。此处表特指，意为“各个部分的总和”，故用定冠词the。

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9-2 a 句意：对于需要帮助的当地家庭来说，他们得到了一笔钱。a sum of money意为“一笔钱”，故填不定冠词a。

9-3 To 句意：总之，《超级无敌掌门狗：人兔的诅咒》是一部神奇的电影，既适合孩子也适合成年人。to sum up总之。

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